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Introduction To Electrical Engineering: Chapter 5: Series Circuit

This document summarizes key concepts about series circuits from Chapter 5 of an electrical engineering textbook. It defines the conditions and characteristics of series circuits, including that current is the same through all elements and voltage decreases across elements. The total resistance of components in series is calculated by summing individual resistances. Kirchhoff's voltage law and the voltage divider rule are also introduced for analyzing the voltage across elements in series circuits. Notation for representing voltages is described.

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108 views18 pages

Introduction To Electrical Engineering: Chapter 5: Series Circuit

This document summarizes key concepts about series circuits from Chapter 5 of an electrical engineering textbook. It defines the conditions and characteristics of series circuits, including that current is the same through all elements and voltage decreases across elements. The total resistance of components in series is calculated by summing individual resistances. Kirchhoff's voltage law and the voltage divider rule are also introduced for analyzing the voltage across elements in series circuits. Notation for representing voltages is described.

Uploaded by

ahnaf arnob
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Electrical Engineering

Chapter 5: Series Circuit


1 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624
Conditions of SERIES CONNECTION:
 Only one common point between the components.
 The common point between the two elements is not connected to any other
current carrying element.

Characteristics of SERIES CIRCUIT:


 Current through all the resistances will be same.
 Voltage across different resistances will be different.
 The total power delivered to a resistive circuit is equal to the total power
dissipated by the resistive elements.

2 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


SERIES RESISTORS
 The total resistance of a series configuration is the sum of the resistance levels.

 The largest resistor in a series combination will have the most impact on the
total resistance.
 For the special case where resistors are the same value, the above equation can
be modified as follows:

where N is the number of resistors in series of value R.

3 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

6V + 18V + 12V = 36V = E

OR

6V - 18V - 12V - 36V = 0

4 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


Defining the direction of conventional flow for
single-source dc circuits

Defining the polarity resulting from a conventional


current I through a resistive element

5 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


INTERCHANGING SERIES ELEMENTS
 The total resistance of resistors in series is unaffected by the order in which
they are connected.

Two series combinations of the same elements with the


same total resistance

6 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


VOLTAGE SOURCES IN SERIES
• Voltage sources can be connected in series to increase or decrease the total voltage applied
to the system.
• Net voltage is determined by summing the sources having the same polarity and
subtracting the total of the sources having the opposite polarity.

7 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW
The alzebraic sum of the voltage rises around a closed path will always
equal the sum of the voltage drops.
or
The algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a closed path
(or closed loop) is zero.

8 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


9 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624
VOLTAGE DIVISION IN A SERIES CIRCUIT
 The voltage across series resistive elements will divide as the magnitude of
the resistance levels.
 The larger the resistance, the more of the applied voltage it will capture.
 The ratio of the voltages across series resistors will be the same as the ratio
of their resistance levels.

10 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


VOLTAGE DIVIDER RULE (VDR)

The voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is equal to the


value of that resistor times the total applied voltage divided by
the total resistance of the series configuration.

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12 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624
VOLTAGE SOURCES AND GROUND
 Electrical and electronic systems are grounded for reference and safety
purposes.
 The symbol for the ground connection appears in figure
with its defined potential level—zero volts. Ground potential

13 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624


DOUBLE-SUBSCRIPT NOTATION
 Because voltage is an “across” variable and exists between two points, the
double-subscript notation defines differences in potential.
 The double-subscript notation Vab specifies point a as the higher potential. If this
is not the case, a negative sign must be associated with the magnitude of Vab.
 The voltage Vab is the voltage at point (a) with respect to point (b).

Defining the sign for double-subscript notation

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SINGLE-SUBSCRIPT NOTATION
 The single-subscript notation Va specifies the voltage at point a with respect
to ground (zero volts). If the voltage is less than zero volts, a negative sign
must be associated with the magnitude of Va .

Defining the use of single-subscript notation for voltage levels

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17 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0624
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS’ BY ROBERT . L.


BOYLESTAD 13TH EDITION

THANK YOU !!!

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