December 2010

EU Commission Task Force for Smart Grids

Expert Group 1:
Functionalities of smart grids and smart meters

Final Deliverable

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 Table of Contents

1. SCOPE AND MISSION OF THE DOCUMENT...................................................................... 4

2. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 4

3. SMART GRIDS CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................... 6

4. OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSMISSION NETWORKS ............................................................. 8

5. ENHANCED INTERACTION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION AND

DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................................................ 9

6. HIGH LEVEL SERVICES OF SMART DISTRIBUTION GRIDS.......................................... 10

7. FUNCTIONALITIES OF SMART DISTRIBUTION GRIDS .................................................. 12

8. SMART GRIDS/HOME INTERFACE................................................................................... 15

9. STATE OF THE ART OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND AVAILABLE INDUSTRY

SOLUTIONS............................................................................................................................... 19
9.1. European initiatives ...................................................................................................... 19
9.2. Smart grids programmes in some other countries outside EU ..................................... 22
Japan 22
China 22
Korea 22
US 23

10. INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES RELATED TO SMART GRID STANDARDISATION:

STATE OF THE ART ................................................................................................................. 25
10.1. SG ETP ................................................................................................................. 25
10.2. Smart Metering Mandate (M/441) ......................................................................... 25
10.3. OPEN meter project .............................................................................................. 26
10.4. NIST Smart Grid Mandate..................................................................................... 26
10.5. IEC Smart grid initiative......................................................................................... 27
10.6. IEEE Smart Grid.................................................................................................... 28
10.7. IETF Smart Energy activities................................................................................. 28
10.8. 3GPP and ETSI work on M2M .............................................................................. 29

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11. STANDARDISATION: RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR A STRATEGY
TOWARDS SMART GRIDS DEPLOYMENT ............................................................................. 30

12. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 35

13. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 39

ANNEX A – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................. 40

ANNEX B - RESEARCH PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF SMART GRIDS ............................... 45

ANNEX C – SOME RELEVANT STANDARDS ......................................................................... 55

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1. SCOPE AND MISSION OF THE DOCUMENT

The tasks and scope of work of the Expert Group 1 (EG1) of the EC Task Force for Smart Grids
(TF) are defined on the basis of the Mission and Vision and Work Programme documents that
were presented at the second meeting of the TF Steering Committee on 16th December 2009.

According to that, the key deliverable of the EG1 is the services and functionalities of smart
grids together with initiatives related to standardisation with regards to a future smart grid
mandate. The EG1 deliverable could be used as an input to the European Standards
Organisations (CEN/CENELEC/ETSI). The work, taking into account stakeholder inputs from the
group, considers the following topics:

• Smart Grids concepts and definitions (chapter 3).

• Need for smarter transmission networks (chapters 4 and 5).
• High-level services from Smart Distribution Grids (chapter 6).
• Functionalities of Smart Distribution Grids (chapter 7).
• Functionalities of Smart Metering Systems, highlighting that smart metering is a pillar for
building a number of smart grids functionalities and focusing on mandate M/441 (chapter
8).
• State of the art of demonstration projects and industry solutions already available related
to the above services and functionalities (chapter 9).
• Reference to the wide set of existing standards, codes and guidelines, and related to
smart grid services and functionalities and the international activities for mapping them
(chapter 10).
• Main areas where further efforts are needed (chapter 11).
• Concluding remarks and recommendations for next steps (chapter 12).

2. INTRODUCTION

High-level drivers for smart grids

Smart grids have an essential role in the process of transforming the functionality of the present
electricity transmission and distribution grids so that they are able to provide a user-oriented
service, supporting the achievement of the 20/20/20 targets and guaranteeing high security,
quality and economic efficiency of electricity supply in a market environment. Their development
will be facilitated by the wide-scale deployment of electricity smart metering, as envisaged in 3rd
Energy Package, Directive 2009/72/EC.

As electricity network infrastructures are investments with long-term returns, they require a
stable framework. All consequences of such targets must be clearly assessed. The work of EG1
is a step to clarify how the targets will determine functionalities for smart grids.

In order to achieve the European and national energy policy objectives, a new global approach
in the generation, transmission, distribution, metering and consumption of electricity is
necessary. Massive renewable integration and power energy storage technologies will have to
be deployed. Energy efficiency will have to be a general driving vector, demand will become an
active player within the electrical system and the increasing electrification of transport (E-mobility
or Electric Vehicles) will be a challenge. These latter drivers will require far-reaching changes in

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the area of distribution networks and will determine modifications in system operation, with
consequent impact on design, planning and operation of transmission networks.

Renewable generation will increasingly affect electricity networks. In particular, large wind farms
(possibly offshore) will be connected to transmission networks; in addition, many distributed
generation units, mainly fed by renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, small wind, biomasses,
CHP) will be hosted by distribution networks, both at MV and LV levels.

The whole electrical system will have to develop in the most efficient way to address the new
challenges and needs of its users. The future scenarios are based on the development of a
sustainable energy model where the carbon emissions will have to drastically decrease, with
massive renewable energy integration.

Main assumptions and principles adopted by Expert Group 1

In this report EG1 assumes that:

• Services and functionalities defined by EG1 are focused on electricity networks. While
EG1 recognises that some smart grid concepts are likely to be applicable to gas, heat
and other networks, such extensions have not been taken into account in the report.
• Transmission networks are considered to be already in a process of increasing their
“smartness”. As further discussed in chapter 3, "smartness" is here intended as a path to
an economically efficient, sustainable power system with low losses and high levels of
quality and security of supply and safety. Therefore, chapters 4 and 5 of this document
summarise the current European policy framework for transmission and highlights the
new needs for smarter transmission networks, coordination requirements and potential
changes coming from their interaction with distribution networks.
• The document will essentially focus on MV and LV distribution networks. DSOs must
take into account expectations of all users and actors in order to increase efficiency in
grid operation and planning.
• Some smart grid functionalities will depend also on certain of the additional functionalities
provided by smart meters. Indeed the latter will allow the full capabilities of a smart grid
system to be realised and the two projects may share the same telecommunications
system. For this reason, close co-ordination with the work currently being done within the
M/441 mandate will be essential.
• Area network facilities (home, building, commercial and industry) and smart devices are
not within the scope of EG1; however the interface between the smart grid and these
facilities (signals and data needed for e.g. demand response and load control) is in the
scope. Attention is being paid to standardisation in this area in the M/441 mandate work
overseen by the Smart Meters Co-ordination Group (SMCG)1. While it is thus not
necessary for the Smart Grid TF to cover this aspect in detail, it must particularly
consider the issue of communication protocols to be employed in smart grid and smart
metering systems and ensure the necessary services are available.
• Smart grid functionalities and services must not impose any specific market model;
different market models are assumed in this report to be treated on equal basis.
• The report does not evaluate the business model of each service. The current
demonstration projects will help to assess the economics of each service and the societal
and environmental benefits (e.g. energy saving, efficiency) by a better knowledge of the
costs.

1
SMCG is tasked with supporting M/441 standardisation work in the general area of smart metering.

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 • The acceptability of new services involving customers is not yet fully known. The
demonstration projects will also help to evaluate the customers’ feedback and interest.
This will help to determine the precise target of the services and the final business
models for such services.
• Smart grids will also help network operators and national regulatory authorities to focus
network investment in the most efficient way. However, considering the aging European
infrastructure, smart grids will not remove the need for significant DSO investment in
traditional network renewal in the next years, according to the age of the present
network.

3. SMART GRIDS CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS

A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can cost efficiently integrate the behaviour and actions
of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to ensure
economically efficient, sustainable power system with low losses and high levels of quality and
security of supply and safety ([5] 2 based on [6]).

Though elements of smartness also exist in many parts of existing grids, the difference between
a today’s grid and a smart grid of the future is mainly the grid’s capability to handle more
complexity than today in an efficient and effective way. A smart grid employs innovative products
and services together with intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing
technologies in order to:
• Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and technologies.
• Allow consumers to play a part in optimising the operation of the system.
• Provide consumers with greater information and options for how they use their supply.
• Significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system.
• Maintain or even improve the existing high levels of system reliability, quality and security
of supply.
• Maintain and improve the existing services efficiently.
• Foster market integration towards European integrated market.

The implementation of this concept will be made possible by the participation of all smart grids
actors, according to their specific roles and responsibilities which are described in greater detail
in the report of the Expert Group 3. Accordingly, smart grid participants are categorised in this
report as follows:
− Network operators: transmission and distribution system/network operators (DSOs/DNOs).
− Grid users: generators, consumers (including mobile consumers), storage owners.
− Other actors: suppliers, metering operators3, ESCOs, aggregators, applications and
services providers, power exchange platform operators.

In most EU Member States, DSOs combine several roles, including network operators, metering
operators (including data collection) and application and services providers (data clearing).

The public consultation process started by ERGEG identified network operators (DSOs and
TSOs) as the prime movers for the deployment of smart grids. Their task is to implement the
network infrastructure that has a central role which allows the flow of both energy and
information between consumers, generators, suppliers and all the other actors in the new smart

2
Square brackets contain references listed in chapter 13.
3
Depending on the national market model, the metering operators may be distribution companies, suppliers or meter
companies.

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grid framework. As well, respondents to the consultation agreed that DSOs (and TSOs), as
prime movers for the deployment of smart grids, will allow new marketplaces and opportunities
for suppliers and energy service companies.

Conceptually, some smart grid participants provide services, based on a combination of

functionalities, to other smart grid participants.
A smart grid service identifies, and can be commonly considered as, the outcome a user
needs/will need from the electricity grid in a fully developed liberalised market; it is associated to
one provider and to a number of primary beneficiaries, recognising that the benefits will
ultimately be reflected in consumer societal and environmental terms.

The achievement of service outcomes is possible only through smart grids functionalities, which
represent elementary bricks through which services can be implemented and delivered to
beneficiaries. While some smart grids services are identified at this stage it is expected that new
functionalities will be developed and may be deployed over time. The smart grids infrastructure
shall provide enough flexibility for new functionalities to be deployed.

Chapters 6 and 7 develop a series of high-level services and functionalities that should be
carefully taken into consideration for the deployment of smart grids. Deployment can be
facilitated by the availability of standards, codes and guidelines (see chapter 11) covering the
identified high-level services and functionalities.

The following drawing shows the inter actions between services and functionalities, actors and
smart grids infrastructure.

Smart grid A. Integration of new B. Enhanced operational

perimeter users and requirements efficiency

C. Security and quality of D. Better planning of

supply investments

E. Improving market and F. Enabling involvement of

customer service consumers
High level services and functionalities

Grid Other
Users Network actors
Operators

Smart grid infrastructure

Interface between Data & Applications

smart grid and other
smart systems Communication Systems

Intelligence of the components

Electric infrastructure

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4. OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSMISSION NETWORKS

Transmission network will have to be developed and enlarged, incorporating new technologies
that give them the flexibility needed to accommodate new generation sources, their distributed
nature and bi-directional flows. Interconnections, electricity corridors4, the ability to control the
power flows and storage systems will have to reach a mature stage before they can be put in
place and so contribute to giving the system the necessary flexibility.

European energy policy sets out a clear path towards smarter transmission networks to achieve
these objectives.

Directive 2009/72/EC identifies the responsibilities of transmission system operators (TSOs),

including the submission to the regulatory authorities of a non-binding Community-wide 10-year
network development plan, every two years. The Regulation (EC) 714/2009 mandate TSOs to
cooperate at Community level through the ENTSO for Electricity. Among other tasks, the
ENTSO for Electricity shall elaborate network codes for cross-border network issues and market
integration issues related to 12 areas. As far as harmonisation and standardisation are
concerned, these areas include data exchange rules and interoperability rules.

The technological innovation required is encouraged both by TSOs and by the regulatory
authorities. Indeed, according to article 8 of the Regulation (EC) 714/2009, the ENTSO for
Electricity shall adopt research plans and a yearly plan of research and development activities
within the annual work programme5. Further, according to article 37.8 of the Directive
2009/72/EC, the regulatory authorities shall ensure that transmission and distribution system
operators are granted appropriate incentive, over both the short and long term, to support the
research activities related to increasing efficiency, fostering market integration and security of
supply.

From the TSO perspective, research, development and demonstration activities related to smart
grid solutions will allow the development and validation of advanced network technologies to
improve system flexibility and security and delay future investments, prepare an investment plan
for the network evolution in the long term, and enable the active participation of consumers and
energy efficiency, within an innovative market place.

For the TSO perspective, the smart grid must consider the following effects and benefits:

− Increased transmission capacity of existing facilities based on close to real time system
data.
− Improved real-time monitoring and controllability of the operational status of the system.
− Enhanced flexibility and controllability of power flows, also permitting increased
transmission capacity.

4
By Electricity corridor , EG1 means a set of electricity lines and facilities connecting regions or countries
5
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity published in March 2010 the first edition of its
“Research and Development Plan”, after a public consultation in the first months of 2010.

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 − Improvement of international coordination: in addition to the need for interconnection, the
smart grid will foster the single European Market by designing e.g. cross-border
balancing mechanisms and new options for congestion management.
− Mitigated the social and environmental impact of the transmission infrastructure.
− New methodologies and criteria for power system operation and planning, allowing the
use of new technologies to be optimised and supporting cost-benefit analyses and
impact assessments of new transmission infrastructures and smart grid solutions.
− Optimal integration of innovative transmission technologies within the existing
transmission grid.

5. ENHANCED INTERACTION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION

AND DISTRIBUTION

From the TSO perspective, strong coordination between transmission and distribution will be
needed especially for issues concerning demand and operation but in general any distributed
energy resource (small PV, EV, etc.), to ensure the suitable contribution of local resources to the
global system security.

− Virtual Power Plants (VPP6): strong coordination is necessary on DG management

(DERs and storage, the latter considered part of VPPs): for frequency control and system
stability improvement (TSO), voltage control, better control the power flow, improving
system security and network reliability (TSO & DSO). Utilisation of VPP is a resource to
improve the power system control. VPP could be a source for the system operation (TSO
& DSO).
− Demand Response: The integration of demand side management in TSO operations
requires the development of specifications by TSOs for ensuring the successful
contribution of active demand at system level, while DSOs (together with suppliers,
energy service companies and consumers) will play a very relevant role in final
implementation.
− Improved coordination in system security and emergency situations: defining common
procedures, to designing more effective defence plans and managing the contribution of
RES, DG and active demand during emergency situations throughout Europe, specifying
the responsibilities of new actors towards the grid operators and the overall power
system.

Smart grids will increase network flexibility by the development of additional intelligence (e.g.:
temperature control of transformers, real time thermal monitoring of cables, etc) integrated within
network equipments and will improve the existing communication systems. This will increase the
current level of ‘smartness’ in the network, while optimising its operation and boosting its
security.

Therefore it will be necessary to develop an adequate infrastructure for operation and control to
provide scalable, adaptable and interoperable solutions.

6
VPP: From the technical point of view it is an entity that provides location-specific services to the network operators
by aggregating local DER. From the commercial point of view it offers services to the market or system operator.
See also Annex A for more details.

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6. HIGH LEVEL SERVICES OF SMART DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

Smart grid services in the liberalised market

The detailed services to be provided in smart grid solutions will have to be agreed in discussion
between the relevant parties. However the following represents a list of the broad services
envisaged, showing the provider of the service and the primary beneficiaries.

A provider of a service is a participant that is responsible for such a service alone or in

combination with other participants. Primary beneficiaries are participants that require or directly
benefit from the services, recognising that the full benefits from these services are shared
among a much wider group of participants.

High-level services

A. Enabling the network to integrate users with new requirements

Outcome: Guarantee the integration of distributed energy resources (both large and
small-scale stochastic renewable generation, heat pumps, electric vehicles
and storage) connected to the distribution network.

Provider: DSOs
Primary beneficiaries: Generators, consumers (including mobile consumers), storage
owners.

B. Enhancing efficiency in day-to-day grid operation

Outcome: Optimise the operation of distribution assets and improve the efficiency of
the network through enhanced automation, monitoring, protection and real
time operation. Faster fault identification/resolution will help improve
continuity of supply levels.

Better understanding and management of technical and non-technical

losses, and optimised asset maintenance activities based on detailed
operational information.

Provider: DSOs, metering operators

Primary beneficiaries: Consumers, generators, suppliers, DSOs.

C. Ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply

Outcome: Foster system security through an intelligent and more effective control of
distributed energy resources, ancillary back-up reserves and other
ancillary services. Maximise the capability of the network to manage
intermittent generation, without adversely affecting quality of supply
parameters.

Provider: DSOs, aggregators, suppliers.

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 Primary beneficiaries: Generators, consumers, aggregators, DSOs, TSOs.

D. Enabling better planning of future network investment

Outcome: Collection and use of data to enable more accurate modeling of networks
especially at LV level, also taking into account new grid users, in order to
optimise infrastructure requirements and so reduce their environmental
impact. Introduction of new methodologies for more ‘active’ distribution,
exploiting active and reactive control capabilities of distributed energy
resources.

Provider: DSOs, metering operators.

Primary beneficiaries: Consumers, generators, storage owners.

E. Improving market functioning and customer service

Outcome: Increase the performance and reliability of current market processes

through improved data and data flows between market participants, and so
enhance customer experience.

Provider: Suppliers (with applications and services providers), power

exchange platform providers, DSOs, metering operators.
Primary beneficiaries: Consumers, suppliers, applications and services providers.

F. Enabling and encouraging stronger and more direct involvement of consumers in

their energy usage and management

Outcome: Foster greater consumption awareness taking advantage of smart

metering systems and improved customer information, in order to allow
consumers to modify their behaviour according to price and load signals
and related information.

Promote the active participation of all actors to the electricity market,

through demand response programmes and a more effective management
of the variable and non-programmable generation. Obtain the consequent
system benefits : peak reduction, reduced network investments, ability to
integrate more intermittent generation.

Provider: Suppliers (with metering operators and DSOs), ESCOs.

Primary beneficiaries: Consumers, generators.

The only primary beneficiary which is present in all services is the consumer. Indeed, consumers
will benefit:
- either because these services will contribute to the 20/20/20 targets
- or directly through improvement of quality of supply and other services
The hypothesis made here is that company efficiency and the benefit of the competitive market
will be passed to consumers– at least partly - in the form of tariff or price optimisation, and is
dependent on effective regulation and markets.

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7. FUNCTIONALITIES OF SMART DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

As described in chapter 3, the delivery of smart grid services requires specific network
functionalities. This chapter lists a series of functionalities grouped according to the high-level
services identified in chapter 6. In some cases these functionalities could be broken down further
into smaller sub-functionalities. However it is preferred to adopt this level of detail in order to:
− specify a limited number of items; and
− avoid the imposition of any specific market model with respect to other options, as a very
detailed list could inhibit some business possibilities.

A. Enabling the network to integrate users with new requirements

1. Facilitate connections at all voltages/locations7 for all existing and future devices with SG
solutions through the availability of technical data and additional grid information to:
o simplify and reduce the cost of the connection process subject to maintaining
network integrity/safety;
o facilitate an ‘open platform’ approach – close to ‘plug & play’;
o make connection options transparent;
o facilitate connection of new load types, particularly EV;
o ensure that the most efficient DER connection strategies can be pursued from a
total system perspective;
2. Better use of the grid for users at all voltages/locations, including in particular renewable
generators.
3. Registers of the technical capabilities 8 of connected users/devices with an improved
network control system, to be used for network purposes (ancillary services).
4. Updated performance data on continuity of supply and voltage quality to inform
connected users and prospective users.

B. Enhancing efficiency in day-to-day grid operation

5. Improved automated fault identification and optimal grid reconfiguration after faults
reducing outage times:
o using dynamic protection and automation schemes with additional information
where distributed generation is present;
o strengthening Distribution Management Systems of distribution grids.
6. Enhanced monitoring and control of power flows and voltages.
7. Enhanced monitoring and observability of network components down to low voltage
levels, potentially using the smart metering infrastructure.

7
Technical constraints permitting and according to the price signal.
8
Network users/devices, in order to actively participate/be managed in network’s operations and energy management, must be
characterised by adequate technical capabilities. Considering the active control and demand-response of Distributed Energy
Resources (i.e. generators, controllable loads and storage) some of the most relevant technical capabilities that have to be taken into
account are:
ƒ Active – reactive power capabilities.
ƒ Dynamic response.
ƒ Electric storage capacity in terms of energy and power.
For example, referring to the renewable generators participation in the network voltage regulation or power flows control, the
generator reactive power capability curve and the other capabilities aforementioned, are technical constraints that have to be
managed.

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 8. Improved monitoring of network assets in order to enhance efficiency in day-to-day
network operation and maintenance (proactive, condition based, operation history based
maintenance).
9. Identification of technical and non technical losses through power flow analysis, network
balances calculation and smart metering information.
10. Frequent information on actual active/reactive injections/withdrawals by generation and
flexible consumption to system operator.

C. Ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply

11. Solutions to allow grid users and aggregators to participate in an ancillary services
market to enhance network operation.
12. Improved operation schemes for voltage/current control taking into account ancillary
services.
13. Solutions to allow intermittent generation sources to contribute to system security
through automation and control.
14. System security assessment and management of remedies, including actions against
terrorist attacks, cyber threats, actions during emergencies, exceptional weather events
and force majeure events.
15. Improved monitoring of safety particularly in public areas during network operations9.
16. Solutions for demand response for system security purposes in required response times.

D. Better planning of future network investment

17. Better models of DG, storage, flexible loads (including EV), and the ancillary services
provided by them for an improvement of infrastructure planning.
18. Improved asset management and replacement strategies by information on
actual/forecasted network utilization.
19. Additional information on supply quality and consumption made available by smart
metering infrastructure to support network investment planning.

E. Improving market functioning and customer service

20. Solutions for participation of all connected generators in the electricity market.
21. Solutions for participation of VPPs in the electricity market, including access to the
register of technical capabilities of connected users/devices.
22. Solutions for consumer participation in the electricity market, allowing market participants
to offer:
o time of use energy pricing, dynamic energy pricing and critical peak pricing;
o demand response / load control programmes;
23. Grid solutions for EV recharging:
o open platform grid infrastructure for EV recharge purposes accessible to all
market players and customers.
o smart control of the recharging process through load management functionalities
of EV.
24. Improved industry systems for settlement, system balance, scheduling and forecasting
and customer switching.

9
e.g.: control of access to the equipment, detection of fault on overhead networks, protection of the contents of the
buildings.

13
 25. Grid support to intelligent home/facilities automation and smart devices by consumers.
26. Individual advance notice to grids users for planned interruptions.
27. Customer level reporting in event of interruptions (during, and after event).

F. Enabling and encouraging stronger and more direct involvement of consumers in

their energy usage and management

28. Sufficient frequency of meter readings, measurement granularity for consumption

/injection metering data (e.g. interval metering, active and reactive power, etc).
29. Remote management of meters.
30. Consumption/injection data and price signals via the meter, via a portal or other ways
including home displays, as best suited to consumers and generators.
31. Improved provision of energy usage information, including levels of green energy
available at relevant time intervals and supply contract carbon footprint.
32. Improved information on energy sources.
33. Individual continuity of supply and voltage quality indicators via meter, via portal or other
ways including home displays.

Further aspects are of paramount importance in smart grids deployment:

− Possibility of easy updating and implementation of new technologies.
− System stability, system security, continuity of supply and voltage quality10 must be
safeguarded. In the framework of national legislations, performance based regulatory
incentive schemes are recommended.
− The introduction of tailored contracts (curtailment, quality of supply11) between users or their
suppliers and the network operator is an opportunity to meet the preferences of some users.
− The publication and transparency of actual/expected performance of the grid are a means to
foster performance improvements and to inform grid users.
− The presentation to consumers of electricity prices and grid tariffs with appropriate frequency
that complements smart grid functionalities and integrates/improves high-level service F.
− Starting levels of network conditions and smart grids functionalities are country-specific. This
must be taken into account in order to allow a cost-efficient development and a medium/long
term common pattern towards smart grids.
− Consumer safeguards will need to be ensured according to the 3rd package. In this smart but
complex world, particular consideration must be given to the impact on low income and
vulnerable consumers.

In general it can be observed that the functionalities of smart grids are today at different level of
development: in addition to basic grid functionalities there will be supplementary functionalities
and emerging functionalities. As the process towards smart grids deployment will be a
continuous learning process, some aspects need further investigation, e.g. the use and
deployment of microgrid control to allow for local distributed intelligence in managing local
network balances. The smart grid infrastructure shall provide enough flexibility for new
functionalities and services to be deployed.

10
For continuity of supply and voltage quality the European standard in force is EN 50160 ratified in March 2010.
11
For tailored contracts, existing standards (e.g. EN 50160) should be taken into account

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8. SMART GRIDS/HOME INTERFACE

Data and functionalities at the interface between the Smart Grids and the Home Area
Network

From the Smart Grids' perspective, to implement services E and F and functionalities
associated, smart grids system must have access at the interface between network and
home/building for the following services:

1. Secure remote reading of metrological register(s) for all information needed for network
management, quality of supply management

2. Secure two-way communication between the metering system and designated market
organisation(s)

3. To support advanced tariffing and payment systems

4. To allow remote regulated disablement and enablement of supply and flow/power limitation
both to the user and the utility, taking into account all appropriate measures to protect final
customers

5. Secure communication with designated parties to offer energy efficiency, automation and
demand side management services.

6. To provide information via gateway to an in-home/building automation system and to a web

portal /or display or similar auxiliary equipment.

No attempt at increasing energy efficiency either through consumption reduction or load shifting
will be successful without final customer involvement. In order to unlock this potential direct
feedback is essential.

Overview of functionalities of Smart Meters

Smart metering standardization is covered by a specific Mandate by the Commission to the

European Standardization Organisations (ESOs), within the framework of the following
Directives:

− 2006/32/EC Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services.

− 2009/72/EC Directive for the Internal Electricity Market (replaces 2003/54/EC).
− 2009/73/EC Directive for the Internal Electricity Market (replaces 2003/55/EC).
− 2004/22/EC Measuring Instruments Directive and its current revision..
Directive 2004/22/EC on measuring instruments sets the essential requirements of the meter
related to its legal role supporting the energy provision contract and is the root for a fair billing.
2004/22/EC describes also the conformity assessment procedures for all legal meters.
Directive 2009/72/EC stipulates that where roll-out of smart meters is assessed positively, at
least 80% of consumers should be equipped with intelligent metering systems by 2020.
In addition, the European Commission Digital Agenda for Europe (COMMUNICATION A Digital
Agenda for Europe COM (2010) 245 final/2, 26.8.2010) takes over this objective and sets as a

15
goal, in Action 73: “Member States to agree common additional functionalities for smart meters”,
by the end of 2011.

The general objective of the mandate (M/441) is “To create European standards that will enable
interoperability of utility meters (water, gas, electricity, heat ) which can then improve the means
by which customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised in order to allow timely
adaptation in their demands”.

Thus the major focus of the M/441 work is the provision of improved information and services to
customers and enabling customers to better manage their consumption.

The work undertaken by the ESOs in response to that mandate considers the high-level smart
metering functionalities which are additional to the traditional metrological functions of electricity
and other meters.

The scale of smart meter deployment and their data capabilities offer the prospect for vast
amounts of detailed data to be gathered. However in this context, the meter is only one of the
sensors or actuators in a smart grid - other data will also be available and used by grid
management and control systems.

Smart grids thus encompass a much wider area than smart metering, but smart metering
is an important first step towards a smart grid:
• Smart meters bring intelligence to the “last mile” between the grid and the final
customer.
• Without this key element, the full potential of a smart grid will not be realised.

Smart Metering is one of the means for direct communication to the customer and certainly the
most cost effective mean today, and two-way communication is a necessary prerequisite.

In relation to the data from smart meters, some will be relevant to suppliers and their services to
customers e.g. the provision of detailed consumption information. Some data will be only of
interest to grid operators and other data will be relevant to meter operators (who – depending on
the national market model – are distribution companies, or suppliers or independent meter
companies). Certain data may be relevant to more than one party.

The deployment of smart meters thus prompts decisions at national level about the requirements
of the various market participants, the nature of data (individual or aggregated) and how
dataflows should be managed. Decisions in this area will reflect national market structures and
industry systems, but they will also affect the commercial and customer services that smart
meters will enable.

The current work being undertaken in response to the M/441 mandate has identified six high-
level additional functionalities. In terms of level, for the time being, the functionalities correspond
to the high-level services identified in this report for EG1 and constitute a good answer to
address the needs formulated by EG1 for smart grids implementation, without any assumptions
about the role of the different actors.

The smart metering infrastructure assumed in M/441 standardisation can also support the
development of smart grids through many of the additional functionalities.

16
Accurate measurement through smart metering is essential to building a new set of functions to
support the smart grid. Again, the support for advanced tarification and payment enable utilities
to manage the grid in close contact with their customers, by using pricing signal to reduce peak
loads. Remote disablement and enablement of power supply gives an additional tool to enhance
system reliability in critical load situations.

Information through home portals and gateways, or direct communication to other devices in
home empowers customers to make choices about energy consumption.

Data collected through smart metering systems, that include consumption profiles, outage data,
distribution network status can be further used for smart grid strategic planning, asset
management and improvement, through data analysis and forecasting.

Load and small scale generation control

Of particular concern to all participants including the customer is the potential for the smart
meter to be the gateway by which the electricity supply can be controlled remotely – either the
entire supply (through remote disablement or load/small scale generation limitation) or individual
appliances (e.g. through signals sent to chips in the equipment to effect load limitation or time-
shifting). There is likely to be considerable industry debate about how this area of functionality is
to be provided and this will have implications for the commercial, technological, industry and
regulatory structures within which such services will be made available.

Use cases

Starting with these smart metering functionalities, a number of high-level use cases are being
developed to support the M/441 standardisation activity, recognising these can be further
analysed into more detailed use cases as required.

Those high-level use cases (as currently defined) which are relevant to smart grids (in whole or
in part) include:

• Monitor supply disruptions: provision of information on supply interruptions.

• Monitor diagnostics of electrical components: detection of inconsistent metering results.
• Monitor meter system status: routine communications checking.
• Remote configuration: parameters for local generation set by network operator.
• Customer display unit receiving messages from e.g. the network operator.
• Communication related to multiple-rate tariffs within the meter: setting of tariff schedules.
• Remote connection/disconnection: local disconnection when emergency load exceeded.
• Remote power limitation.
• Load management by network operator (or supplier) as agreed by customer.
• Load management made available by customer.
• Meter interface to home communications systems.
• Meter interface to sophisticated energy management systems.

The standardisation work being undertaken by M/441 therefore covers both the communications
and metering requirements for the above purposes insofar as they affect the smart meters and
associated infrastructure to be deployed.

In addition, the standardisation work will cover the information likely to be required by meter
operators in the management of their meter population.

17
Smart grid services

Smart grid services / functionalities / use cases for the Smart Grid Task Force project are still in
the course of development.

On the assumption that the services and functionalities in section 6 and 7 above are a
reasonable indication, the main smart grid aspects already being addressed via M/441 are:

• Improving market functioning and customer service (in part), in particular supporting the
widespread use of distributed generation.
• Enabling and encouraging stronger and more direct involvement of consumers in their
energy usage and improving customer service

In particular, the following functions that are of paramount importance for the implementation of
smart grids are anticipated in the work being undertaken under M/441.
• M/441 will address the capability of smart meters to support import/export metering:
i.e. the metering of active energy withdrawn/injected and reactive inductive/capacitive
energy, and the provision of consumption and injection data and on net flows exported.
• The standards developed under the mandate will support time of use and dynamic
pricing and, information display (including Time Of Use registers and display of dynamic
pricing information12).
• The availability for the consumer of consumption/injection and other data via the
metering system or web portal (e.g.: towards an in-house display or energy management
device) will facilitate the adoption of home automation.
• A fundamental M/441 functionality is two-way communication with the meter (with
appropriate data encryption and security), e.g. for meter reading and remote
management of the supply, including disconnection/connection, demand reduction and
changing contractual parameters (contractual power, price scheme, etc )
• Relevant information e.g. on quality of supply will be able to be communicated via the
communication systems envisaged to support smart metering.

EG1 believes that smart grids functionalities as developed in use cases will facilitate appropriate
feedback mechanisms on customers’ electricity consumption to facilitate their decisions.
Functionalities identified for smart grids and smart meters must not be limited by smart metering
solutions which use data concentrators.

12
Dynamic pricing information is a use case that requires deeper investigation as It implies a frequent (e.g.: hourly)
communication between the central system and all (or a very high number of) smart meters and metrology aspects
such as the use of interval metering for billing purposes.

18
9. STATE OF THE ART OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND AVAILABLE
INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS

Many demonstration projects are currently in place, and some results are already available.
In this chapter the main projects are summarised and cross referenced with the high level
services defined in the previous chapters.

9.1. European initiatives

More information is given in the Annex B of this document. This does not replace however the
more detailed information on the different projects, available by the different projects partners,
also though specific websites.

By analysing the available information, some conclusions can be drawn:

• Demonstration projects are available whose results will cover a broad range of smart grid
functionalities.
• Solutions are available as building blocks to suit most of the smart grid functionalities;
however they are still lacking harmonisation in a “system” view.
• Standards are available to cover many smart grid functionalities. Analyses are being
performed by several bodies (see chapter 10) to understand any overlap and gaps in
such standards.
• Smart metering is a reality under the mandate M/441. Notwithstanding the different
scope, smart metering provides support to some smart grid functionalities.

19
High level services RD&D Projects (see also Annex B for more details) T&D industry comments
A. Enabling the network to integrate EEGI RD&D projects (1) Most of European network were designed to
users with new requirements support conventional energy flows, with
“Mobi-E” project (Portugal) (2).
. predictable energy production. T&D Industry
“Wind demonstration project” ESB (Ireland) (6) can provide upgrade path to fulfil the proposed
requirement, however large scale deployment
Orkney project. Scottish & Southern (UK) (9) leads to some in-depth change in distribution
DG DemoNetz (AT) (15) networks in order to keep efficient network
protection, voltage control, reduced losses,
emporA (AT) (17) fault detection and network reconfiguration.
OPEN NODE (EU) (19) Many T&D projects already provided parts of
the answer.
Quantification criteria ( 22 ) Today's solutions such as
• Replacement/refurbishment of Power
B. Enhancing efficiency in day-to-day EEGI RD&D projects (1) Components
grid operation • WAMS/WACS & Upgrading Protection and
UK projects (4) Control Devices for Communication
• Installation of Power Quality Devices
“Wind demonstration project” ESB (Ireland) (6)
(Distribution Networks)
DG DemoNetz (AT) (15) • Deployment of all types of HVDC
• Installation of FACTS (Transmission
ISOLVES:PSSA-M (AT) (16)
Networks)
MetaPV (EU) (18) can provide measurable benefits
Harmonised data modelling and
FENIX (EU) + zUQde (AT) (20)
communication services are a must to let all
Quantification criteria ( 22 ) these actors exchanging efficiently meaningful
information.

20
C. Ensuring network security, system EEGI RD&D projects (1) T&D Industry is already very active in this field
control and quality of supply thanks to the availability of new standard such
E-Energy ICT-based Energy System of the Future Project
as IEC 61850. However this same level of
(Germany) (5) modelling and interoperability for “secondary
networks” is not available yet. Neither it is to
“Wind demonstration project “ESB (Ireland) (6)
embrace condition monitoring applications.
GROW-DERS (8) Harmonizing and Extending the scope of
existing standard (IEC 61850 and CIM, mainly)
DG DemoNetz (AT) (15)
to this domain (secondary network) and
MetaPV (EU) (18) application (conditioned monitoring) will
certainly leverage the spreading of such
FENIX (EU) + zUQde (AT) (20)
solutions.
Quantification criteria ( 22 )
Standardised real-time interface between all
D. Better planning of future network EEGI RD&D projects (1)
these actors is a condition to reach the
investment objective on a large scale.
ISOLVES:PSSA-M (AT) (16)
Cyber Security must be addressed in priority
by standards
Quantification criteria ( 22 )
T&D Industry can efficiently contribute to fulfil
E. Improving market functioning and EEGI RD&D projects (1) the requirement, by acting as a communication
customer service path between DER, end consumers and
EDP INOVGRID (Portugal) (3)
market.
ADDRESS project (EU) (10) It would be even more efficient if the
EcoGrid (DK – EU) (21) communication infrastructure enabling all these
transactions can be shared by the
Quantification criteria ( 22 ) communication infrastructure used for
F. Enabling and encouraging EEGI RD&D projects (1) monitoring and controlling the distribution
stronger and more direct network.
“Connected Home /empowering customer choice” ESB
involvement of consumers in their
energy usage and management (Ireland) (7)
DEHEMS (11):
BeyWatch (12)
Smart-A (13)
Energy@Home (14)
Quantification criteria ( 22 )
3e Houses project (23)

21
 9.2. Smart grids programmes in some other countries outside EU

Japan

Japan is aiming at reducing CO2 emissions by 25% compared with the level in 1990.
As for the "smart grid," the next-generation power distribution grid, Japanese administration will
be supporting it financially as soon as possible.
Japan’s existing electricity network is already considered to be reliable, and so Japan's objective
is more focused – to enable further introduction of renewable energy and create a new
infrastructure for EVs and new services through the utilisation of smart meters and ICT network.

METI’s 2009 projects included a ‘Remote Island Smart Grid Project’ (micro-grid project), a
‘Smart Charge Project’ (with a focus on EV), and a ‘Smart House Project’ (an element of
‘Community Grid system’). In November 2009 a discussion forum was established, involving a
wide range of stakeholders, to facilitate discussion through various relevant study groups.

China

The China market is a very important market for smart grid. The requirements there are for a
stronger and smarter grid with massive investments focused on increasing capacity, reliability,
efficiency and integration of renewable.

End of 2008, the Chinese government approved a US $586 billion stimulus plan focused on
large-scale investment in low-income housing, water, rural infrastructure and electricity in China.
A secondary effect of this stimulus plan is to increase investment in renewable energy and
energy efficiency in China. This effort would include accelerating efforts to achieve the goal of
reducing China's energy consumption per unit of GDP by a cumulative 20% by 2010. One very
promising approach for China to build energy conservation into its infrastructure is the
construction of a "smart grid."

China’s overall federal stimulus investments in smart grid projects will surpass the United States’
in 2010: the Chinese government will spend $7.3 billion dollars in the form of stimulus loans,
grants and tax credits compared to $7.1 billion by the United States government.

Korea

South Korea aims to build the world's first nationwide smart grid system to reduce its emissions
by monitoring energy use more carefully.

The grid, to be set up by 2030, is part of the country's $103bn initiative to increase its generation
of green energy from the current 2.4 % of total power to 11 % in the next two decades.
According to a government-led committee, South Korea could lower its greenhouse gas
emissions by 40 million tonnes annually with a national smart grid.

The committee's findings estimate that smart grids would reduce overall energy use by 3 % and
lower the peak load for electric power by about 6 %. The electricity savings would be equal to
the output of seven 1GW nuclear power reactors.

22
The committee comprises government officials, company executives and representatives and
researchers. It did not provide a cost estimate for the project. Consumers could reduce their
electricity bills by an average of 15 % by charging their appliances and cars during off-peak
hours, as indicated through the use of smart meters. State-run electricity monopoly Korea
Electric Power Corp plans to set up a $65m smart grid pilot project in the country's southern Jeju
Island by 2011. It would act as a test-bed for the nationwide initiative. The grid will incorporate
two 10MW substation transformers and four power distribution lines located near an area with
3,000 households, commercial districts and green energy facilities that include a wind farm.

US

The US view is that the Smart Grid concept for the electric power grid integrates digital
computing, and communication technologies and services, with the power-delivery
infrastructure, supporting sophisticated new energy-related applications. Some example new
Smart Grid-enabled applications include real-time consumer control over energy usage;
increased reliance on solar and other clean or renewable energy sources; controls for large-
scale energy storage; mobile billing for charging electric vehicles; security for critical
infrastructure protection and for privacy, and more.

Obama administration economic stimulus funding, measured in the billions of dollars, has
launched or accelerated Smart Grid technology initiatives that are developing and implementing
the new concepts. In late October 2009, President Obama announced 100 Smart Grid
Investment Grant Program awards totalling $3.4 billion. This federal investment leveraged an
additional $4.7 billion in commitments from private companies, utilities, cities, and other partners
that are forging ahead with plans to install Smart Grid technologies and enable an array of
efficiency-maximizing and performance-optimising applications. At the end of 2009, the number
of Smart Grid projects in the United States exceeded 130 projects spread across 44 states and
two territories.

A recent forecast projects that the U.S. market for Smart Grid-related equipment, devices,
information and communication technologies, and other hardware, software, and services will
double between 2009 and 2014—to nearly $43 billion.

Key US Public/Private Strategic Activities: the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) Smart Grid Initiatives (May-November 2009) and the NIST Smart Grid Interoperability
Panel (November 2009 to Present)

US law, in the form of the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), assigned the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, a division of the US Department of Commerce,
to coordinate development of a framework of standards for Smart Grid. See their website at
www.nist.gov/smartgrid . The concern was that the US’s 3600 utilities (power companies), and
the 50 state and 3 territorial Public Utility Commissions that regulate them, could follow many
different paths in implementing Smart Grid. The result could be a collection of solutions that did
not interoperate, limiting value and reducing the opportunity for implementing innovations
nationwide. A framework of standards for implementation would help to reduce the
implementation paths to a manageable number, increasing market sizes, stimulating innovation,
and speeding deployment by lowering prices and increasing reuse.

From May 2009, NIST gathered industry experts from utilities (power companies) and the ITC
industry, as well as from regulators, in three massive meetings in May, June and August. These
experts analysed communications and information technology applications for the Smart Grid,

23
proposed use cases and architectures for the SG information networks, and identified industry
standards needed to implement these architectures. This work resulted in a report published in
January, 2010, titled NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards,
Release 1.0 (see http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/ releases/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf
).

In November 2009, to carry this work forward, and to shift much of the responsibility for it to the
private sector, NIST launched a public-private partnership, the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
(SGIP). Since then, almost 500 companies and other organizations have joined the SGIP, with
1,350 individuals from member organisations participating in the panel’s technical activities.
Membership is open to organizations based outside the US as well.

Chief among the SGIP’s technical activities are the 16 Priority Action Programs. PAPs are
chartered to address areas in which standards require development or revision to complete the
Framework. The PAPs gather experts from industry segments related to their charters. For
example, PAP #1 (Internet) and PAP #2 (Wireless) are cooperating to quantify SG network
requirements, and then identifying standard Internet and radio technologies that meet these
requirements. The SGIP work occurs openly, visible in a TWiki website,
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/WebHome .

In addition to the PAPs, the SGIP also hosts working groups on special topics, including one on
Smart Grid security for both critical infrastructure protection and privacy, the Cyber Security
Coordination Task Group. This 300-person TG has produced a draft report, DRAFT NISTIR
7628 Smart Grid Cyber Security Strategy and Requirements, at http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-
sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/NISTIR7628Feb2010/draft-nistir-7628_2nd-public-draft.pdf . Finally, the
SGIP is launching two new standing committees, on Architecture and on Testing and
Certification.

The goal is to complete most strategic and study work by late 2010 and then to move to
implementation of a US national, interoperable Smart Grid.

24
10. INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES RELATED TO SMART GRID
STANDARDISATION: STATE OF THE ART

At present there are many activities running in parallel which are related to the field of smart grid
standardisation. Since these activities are relevant to the same subject, there is inevitably some
overlapping and duplication of activity and opportunities for learning from the work of others.
Among these initiatives are:
• Smart Grids European Technology Platform
• M 441 Smart metering mandate
• OPEN meter project
• NIST Smart Grid mandate
• IEC Smart grid (SMB Strategic Group)
• IEEE Smart grid initiatives

10.1. SG ETP

The European Technology Platform is engaged “to foster and support the deployment of
SmartGrids in Europe advising and providing coordination to the various SmartGrids Forum
stakeholders (European Commission, TSO, DSO, Energy System and Component vendors,
Energy Research Centres, Smart Metering Industry, Energy Consumers, Utilities Telecom
Providers, Grid Regulators) among projects and parallel related initiatives, to facilitate the
smooth and efficient running of the European Technology Platform SmartGrids ensuring its
strategic relevance and its consistency with EU policy.
To link with relevant technology platforms dealing with energy matters that have an impact both
at the generation and the demand side, on the future of the grid.
To provide relevant input to the EU initiatives such as SET-plan and its European Industrial
Initiatives.”

Work began in 2005. Its aim was to formulate and promote a vision for the development of
European electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond.
In April 2006 the Advisory Council of the European Technology Platform (ETP) for Europe’s
Electricity Networks of the Future presented its Vision document for Smart Grids.
In the Strategic Research Agenda, published in 2007 it described the main areas to be
investigated, technical and non-technical, in the short-medium term in Europe.
At the end of 2008, the first draft of this Strategic Deployment Document (SDD) was released.
Today this document is formally finalised, and describes the priorities for the deployment of
innovation in the electricity networks and the benefits that such innovation will deliver for all
stakeholders. It also gives a timeline for deployment.

10.2. Smart Metering Mandate (M/441)

Smart metering is covered by a specific Mandate by the European Commission (M/441

Standardisation Mandate to the European Standards Organisations - ESOs). It is described in
chapter 8 above and its results will ensure EU-level standards are available for a number of the
core services to be provided by smart grids.

25
To this mandate are also linked standards relevant to home automation. In details these are
CENELEC EN 50090 series to prepare necessary performance requirements and necessary
hardware and software interfaces for all aspects of home and building electronics.

10.3. OPEN meter project

OPEN meter is a project supported by the European Commission’s DG Research”13, within the
EU’s Seventh Framework Programme. It has the main objective to specify a comprehensive set
of open and public standards for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), supporting electricity,
gas, water and heat metering, based on the agreement of all the relevant stakeholders in this
area, and taking into account the real conditions of the utility networks so as to allow for full
implementation.

The scope of the project is to address knowledge gaps for the adoption of open standards for
smart multi-metering equipments. All relevant aspects – regulatory, environmental, smart
metering functions, communication media, protocols, and data formats – are considered within
the project.

The result of the project will be a set of draft standards, based on already existing and accepted
standards wherever possible. Existing standards will be complemented with new standards,
based on innovative solutions developed within the project, to form the new body of smart
metering standards. The resulting draft standards will be fed into the European and international
standardization process. The project is closely coordinating with the Mandate M/441 initiative.
This project officially started on 1st January 2009 and will be accomplished in 30 months, by
30th June 2011.

10.4. NIST Smart Grid Mandate

In 2009 the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the Stimulus Bill) directed National
Institute of Standards and Technology to address Smart Grid. NIST had had a mandate under
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA).
It foresees a three phase approach:
• Identification of applicable standards / specifications.
• Resolution of “gaps”.
• Creation of a conformance regime.
The number of selected standard is significant:
• Twenty-five standards / specifications selected.
• Fifty standards for “further study”.
• Fifteen, (to be sixteen), “Priority Action Plans”.
NIST focuses on the following issues:
• Demand Response and Consumer Energy Efficiency.
• Wide-Area Situational Awareness.
• Energy Storage.
• Electric Transportation.

13
“Open” is an acronym for Open Public Extended Network

26
 • Advanced Metering Infrastructure.
• Distribution Grid Management.
• Cyber Security.
• Network Communications.
• On January 25, 2010 NIST published the Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid
Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0: a conceptual reference model to facilitate design
of an architecture;
• An initial set of 75 standards;
• Priorities for additional standards;
• Action plans for standards-setting;
• An initial cyber security strategy

10.5. IEC Smart grid initiative

A special group of the International Electro technical Commission IEC, namely Strategic Group 3
(SG3) was started in 2009.
The selected approach to standardisation foresees five phases:
• Identification of the individual parts and applications of the Smart Grid system.
• Definition of new requirements based on the above description.
• Mapping of existing standards to the requirements.
• Identification of gaps.
• Recommendations for IEC actions. (Filling the gaps / managing a standard framework).
The number of listed standards for consideration reached the impressive number of more than
100.

IEC SG3 focuses on:

• Interoperability.
• Transmission.
• Distribution.
• Metering.
• Connecting the consumers.
• Cyber Security.
The following investigation points are being addressed:
• Communication.
• Security.
• HVDC/FACTS.
• Blackout Prevention/EMS.
• Advanced Distribution Management.
• Distribution Automation.

27
 • Smart Substation Automation.
• Distributed Energy Resources.
• Advanced Meter Infrastructure.
• Demand Response and Load Management.
• Smart Home and Building Automation.
• Electric Storage.
• Electric transportation.
• Condition Monitoring.
• General Topics: EMC, LV Installation, Object Identification, PPC, Engineering / Planning,
Use Cases.

In the framework of harmonising standards and avoiding duplication of work, a significant

initiative is the proposal by IEC SG3 to put in place a formal liaison between NIST SGIP and
SMB SG3.

First conclusions can be summarized by the following key issue: to enforce use of
concepts/methods from the horizontal committees:
• IEC 61850 and CIM suite of solutions across the entire portfolio framework.
• IEC 61850 (existing and extended) will be used for all communications to field equipment
and systems,
• IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 will be used within control centres for managing information
exchanges among enterprise systems.

10.6. IEEE Smart Grid

The IEEE is engaged in a number of smart grid initiatives globally.

IEEE P2030 is an IEEE project developing a "Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of
Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System
(EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads"
The IEEE-SA P2030 guide will provide a knowledge framework for understanding and defining
smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end use applications, setting the
stage for future standards related to the smart grid.

10.7. IETF Smart Energy activities

In addition to the IP protocol suite at large, the IETF created a set of activities pertaining to
sensor technologies: 6Lowpan, roll. These activities are aiming at bringing the Internet Protocol
to sensor and M2M devices needed to build a monitoring infrastructure for the Smart Grid. The
IETF work is moving up the layers to introduce an HTTP equivalent for sensor devices (CoAP
protocol). Recently the IETF created the smart grid directorate aiming at steering the different
Smart Energy activities within the IETF

28
 10.8. 3GPP and ETSI work on M2M

Both ETSI and 3GPP are working on M2M Technology which is believed to be a major building
block for the Smart Grid as a means to deploy a wide scale monitoring and control infrastructure.
ETSI M2M work aims at providing an architecture that allows the management of the sensor and
M2M networks and the deployment of new services on top:
• Data collection and storage
• Communication mediation
• Lifecycle management (incl. software and firmware upgrade)
• Security

In addition ETSI M2M is specifying a set of enablers that will facilitate the deployment of the
Smart Grid service layer such as compensation and billing or transaction management. These
enablers will be exposed towards Applications through a set of specified and open interfaces.

On the 3GPP side work has been ongoing on the optimising of access and core network
infrastructure to allow cost efficient delivery of M2M services. This work is aiming at increasing
the scalability and cost effectiveness of the network taking into account fundamental
characteristics of M2M communications such as:
• Stationary devices
• Small amount but frequent data transmission
• Different charging models,

ETSI is one of the organisational partners of 3GPP. In addition all 3GPP standards are
transposed into ETSI standards once approved.

10.9 Joint Working of CEN/CENELEC/ETSI on Standards for the Smart Grid

This Group was created by the CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint President's Group at their May 2010
Meeting. Its main tasks are the following:

• to prepare an overview of specific European standardization requirements

concerning the Smart Grid, taking due account of the emerging Task Force
recommendations
• to match these requirements against existing international standards and all
relevant work in progress in standards bodies, and build on existing international
and European standardization work
• to make recommendations as to how missing issues should be covered by
standardization, by whom and on what timescale; these recommendations will
reflect the preference for global standards that also apply for Europe (e.g. via the
IEC-CENELEC Dresden agreement or the ETSI participation to 3GPP).
• to propose to the European Standards Organizations how to respond to any
European Commission mandate pertaining to Smart Grid

The Group is scheduled to deliver a first version of its Report by end of December 2010.

The Group aims to bring all stakeholders together and is open to representatives of CEN and
CENELEC national members, to representatives of ETSI member companies, to representatives
of European associations representing interested stakeholders, etc. Observers from several
DGs of the European Commission should also participate.

29
11. STANDARDISATION: RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR A
STRATEGY TOWARDS SMART GRIDS DEPLOYMENT

EG1 believes that the scope of smart grids is large; thus the risk is that too many bodies work on
this issue and that the priorities will not be precisely defined.

The challenge of smart grids deployment will require changes to existing standards, industry
rules and processes. These changes are responsibilities of numerous bodies and levels
according to Member States arrangements.

Road map

For efficient deployment it is necessary all these changes to be coordinated within a coherent
framework road map.

The road map should address:

• Devices;
• Interfaces;
• Communication;
• Cyber security and system integrity;
• System model(s);
• Network and system management;
• Grid codes and Industry rules;
and must take into account the market rules.

According to this a harmonisation of models and standards is highly desirable Technical

standards have to be defined clearly and fast; if not the desired effect will not occur in the
expected time frame. Due to this reason it is necessary to prioritise some key issues and define
“fast track” solutions for the core set of standards (see below).

The different domains (Energy Market, Transmission and Distribution, DER, E-Mobility) need to
define common interfaces through telecommunication and service standardised and
interoperable architectures.

Use cases and standards in development under the Mandate M/441 for smart metering shall be
taken into account to ensure coexistence of smart meters and smart grids applications.

Standardisation methodology

Concerning standardisation, EG1 recommends a top-down approach in order to organise the

priorities as proposed below:

1st level: Harmonise the Smart Grid use cases according to roles of each actor in Member
States
• mandate one group to host and harmonise Smart Grid use cases in order to support
that standardisation bodies are working on the same understanding;

30
 • define one formalisation method of use cases;
• describe a common set of cross-cutting requirements into the standards to facilitate
exchange of confidential and authentic information.

2nd level: Harmonise Smart Grid data modelling and description language
• common data modelling and description language will allow machine-to-machine
understanding;
• an intermediate target could be to get formal and validated translation rules from one
machine to another (including wording, semantic and grammar).

3rd level: Harmonise communication protocols

• if protocols are well structured14, applications can be written in a way they are
independent from the protocol:
• one first step could be to harmonize an abstract definition of communication
services;
• a second step could be to validate mapping of this abstract communication
services set on selected communication layers;

Standardisation area

An indicative list of possible items to address is shown below. Items are grouped according to
the high level services identified in chapter 6.

A. Enabling the network to integrate users with new requirements

− Physical and electrical connections for generators and consumers;

− Physical and electrical connections for electrical vehicles;
− Physical and electrical connections for heat pumps;
− Physical and electrical connections for storage;
− Communication protocols for generators protection relays;
− Technical data and other grid information for the choice of optimal connection points;
− Service level interface specification for e.g. electrical vehicle, pumps, generators, etc

B. Enhanced efficiency in day-to-day grid operation

− Communication protocols for protection relays.

− Communication protocols for HV/MV Substation automation.
− Communication protocols for RTUs in HV/MV substations.
− Communication protocols for RTUs in MV/LV substations.
− Common and standardised quality indicators (e.g.: SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI weighted on LV
consumers) with appropriate grouping rules for interruptions recording.
− Guidelines for maintenance and standardised indicators for unavailability of electrical
elements.
− Guidelines for information to consumers about interruption restoration time.
− Guidelines for losses calculation.

14
Well structured protocols should avoid that different constraints lead to different solutions.

31
C. Ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply

− Standardized data models for load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, selectivity analysis,
distance protection, reliability analysis, etc.
− Communication protocols for dispatching and balancing services.
− Communication protocols for storage.
− Guidelines for generation forecasting.
− Grid codes for ancillary services, system balance, scheduling.
− Grid codes for interoperability rules.
− Grid codes and other codes for data exchange rules and settlement.
− Metering codes (part of the grid code focused on metering).
− Guidelines for improving monitoring of safety in public areas.
− Grid codes and defence plans.
− Grid codes for operational procedures during emergencies.
− Guidelines for cyber security.

D. Better planning of future network investment

− Standardised data models for planning.

− Telecommunication systems.

E. Improving market functioning and customer service

− Standards for communication with EV and loading stations.

− Procedures and interfaces for demand response/load control programmes.
− Procedures for switching.

F. Enabling and encouraging stronger and more direct involvement of consumers in their
energy usage and management

− Communication protocols for smart metering systems, including interfaces towards

home/building area networks (at all OSI levels, included data encryption, through each
communication way - smart metering systems, other gateways, portal).

Common aspects for communication

Some common aspects can be highlighted, as of particular relevance in the area of smart grids
communication :

• Standards for deploying a monitoring infrastructure (sensor and monitoring devices) as a

means to manage and increase the reliability of the grid. These include communication
mediation, gateway management, sensor life cycle management, data collection and
storage, etc.

• Standards to optimise wireless and wire line telecommunication infrastructures for the
delivery of M2M services including the monitoring infrastructure.

32
 • Standards for ensuring quality of service ( QoS) requirements on the communication
networks are met in terms of delay, jitter and bandwidth. QoS is required by certain grid
process such as teleprotection, failure detection, etc.

• Standards aiming at the exposure of service enablers towards Smart Grid Applications.
These shall provide simple interfaces as a means to expedite the development and
deployment of new applications making use of the Smart Grid service enablers.

• Standards aiming at specifying a set of service enablers for the Smart Grid to be used by
Applications. These will include service enablers that facilitate electricity markets and
other applications. Examples of such service enablers include compensation and billing,
transaction management, etc.

Some priorities in the relevant standards to allow Smart Grids deployment

A huge set of standards relevant to Smart Grid is already available from different organisations;
some of these standards are identified as core for any present and future implementation of
Smart Grid.

Here below the standards identified as having core relevance are listed, other standards with
high relevance also follow.

The complete list can be found in Annex C that includes all the standards of the families
mentioned below, as well as other standards with relevance identified as low.

Standards identified as having Core relevance:

• IEC 62357 - Reference Architecture – SOA
• IEC 61970 - Common Information Model
• IEC 61850 - Substation Automation
• IEC 61968 - Distribution Management
• IEC 61970 - Energy management system application program interface (EMSAPI)
• IEC 62351 - Security
• IEC TR 62357 - Power system control and associated communications –Reference
• architecture for object models, services and protocols
• IEC 60870-5 Telecontrol

Standards identified as having High Relevance:

• IEC 60870-6 TASE2
• IEC/TR 61334 DLMS Distribution Line Message Specification
• IEC 61400 – Wind Turbines
• IEC 61850-7-410 Hydro Power
• IEC 61851 Electrical vehicle charging
• IEC 62051-54 and IEC 62058-59 Metering
• IEC 62056 COSEM

The main focus of activities in development are AMI (including standards of the families IEC
62051-62059; IEC/TR 61334); DER (e.g. IEC 61850-7-410: -420) and EV (e.g. IEC 61851).

33
There are also areas that have not been traditionally matter for standardisation such as market
and service systems.

The above analysis does not constitute a gap analysis; however it is indicative of the scope of
work required and identifies new challenges for standardisation. This is then a key area to be
developed with the cooperation of the relevant organisations.

Standards referring to data safety, data handling and data protection are considered in the EG2
report.

A key issue : Interoperability

A smart grid, and within that smart metering, consists of numerous components provided by
different actors, working together to provide a smart power system. For such a system to
operate and the desired services and functionalities to be provided, these components will need
to be linked together. In this context, interoperability becomes of major importance, not least in
the interest of ensuring greater competition.

Interoperability can be defined as the ability of a system or a product to work well with other
systems or products. While there are many ways to achieve interoperability, one common way is
via interface standards. A good example of this is the set of standards developed for the World
Wide Web, including TCP/IP, HTTP and HTML, by which information is seamlessly exchanged
over the Internet between devices of all sorts and brands, for the benefit of users and
businesses.

Interoperability can be achieved through standardisation of communications in terms of

interfaces, signals, messages and workflows. This does not mean unifying all data protocols or
applications to a single technology but defining them in a detailed and unambiguous manner and
agreeing on the usage and interpretation of standards in such a way as to ensure interoperability
between systems and devices.

The introduction of smart grids and smart meters clearly requires the specification of an evolving
interoperable framework to support secure communications both upstream and downstream of
the meter as defined in the SMCG M/441 report.

Interoperability between devices and equipment is key, as the introduction of smart grids and
smart metering should not create a barrier to competition or unnecessary cost.
• Upstream communications must be supported from the meter to the designated market
organisation(s). In a smart power system, relevant information will be required to flow to
a number of different actors for the requisite functionalities to be achieved
At an individual level, remote meter reading will be able to be accomplished irrespective
of the meter's type or kind, as long as it is a smart meter supporting standard
telecommunication interfaces to be specified and agreed upon. What is then important is
that the customer is able to choose a new supplier and continue to receive essential
smart metering services without the need for the meter {at least) to be changed. Similarly
there is a need to ensure that the customer is able to enjoy a comparable level of service
after moving house.

34
 • Downstream communications from the meter into the home are also needed in order to
provide services for consumers through in-home displays or any other home automation
device. This highlights the need for high level security and safety relevant to the
distribution network. Interoperability shall consider compatibility between smart
appliances, display and metering system. Switching energy supplier should normally not
imply change of smart appliances.

There are numerous definitions of interoperability which could be adopted. For the purposes of
this report, it is not envisaged necessary to go beyond a level of interoperability which is
sufficient to meet the above objectives and which ensures that processes are seamless from the
perspective of network operators, grid users and customers.

To facilitate economies of scale in the market, consideration should be given to relevant

communications standards in use (or considered for use) elsewhere in Europe as well as to
international developments in the standardisation market.

Some other guiding principles :

• Because of the large scope, of the size of the work, of the numerous bodies involved, it is
necessary to :
• Reuse existing standards and learn from existing initiatives
o Several initiatives are already underway for developing the Smart Grid. The work
being done by the relevant organizations, as described in chapter 10 to drive
standards gap analysis and standards areas have to be taken into account.
o In addition existing standards developments need to be fully taken into account
• Adhere and seek the development of international standards: so as to help reduce
product and investments costs.
• Ensure and maximize collaboration and coordination among the different stakeholder
organisations: Smart Grid work is clearly very wide in scope. Its development needs also
a wide range of expertise. Ensuring a coherent set of standards will mandate a strong
collaboration spirit both in the development of the roadmap as well as during the
standards development process.

• Backward compatibility with the existing home installations should be taken into account.

• Streamline and speed-up the development of European requirements for Smart Grids:
several activities are in place to standardise the Smart Grid. Ensuring a timely effective
coordination and standards eco-system is urgently needed so that European requirements
can be included in ongoing standards developments.

• Standardise applications enablers, but not applications: while some smart grid services are
known, it is not possible to think of all possible services on top of the Smart Grid. In order to
promote innovation, standardisation should focus on service enablers and avoid specification
of technical solutions.

12. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

1. EG1 identified the services that Smart Grids are expected to deliver to different
network users. The agreement of all stakeholders on that core is a priority. After

35
 validation by the Steering Committee, the communication and the standardisation
process by DG ENER must be organised.

2. Services and functionalities defined in the report represent the basis that smart
grids are expected to offer to all electrical network users in Europe over time. The
implementation of the services allowed by functionalities must be deployed according to
the present situation of each Member State, using a ranking method including a cost /
benefit analysis for each implementation.

3. To this purpose EG1 recommends that the level of deployment is assessed at

National level, taking also into account the initial status of networks and their
“smartness”. For each functionality defined by EG1, this assessment at national level
should be based on criteria and indicators developed and recommended by EG3.

4. Furthermore EG1 believes that the process towards smart grids deployment will be a
continuous learning process, therefore a transparent oversight of demonstration
projects is fundamental to assess the current and future status of deployment for each
functionality listed by EG1. This oversight should take advantage of project indicators,
cost-benefit assessments and dissemination of results.

5. Smart metering systems are a key factor for including residential customers in the
energy efficiency improvement process. However, without such a programme, some
Smart Grids functionalities can still be implemented, for example for distributed
generation connection, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, network monitoring and
network automation.

6. Functionalities for smart metering systems as defined in mandate M/441 include the
necessary requirements for implementation of services on smart grids. An update of
this mandate is not necessary.

7. Transmission and distribution network operators have their own programmes for
implementing smart grids. However, they must increase the level of coordination
between them: VPP management, demand response program, security of supply and
emergency process are key issues for a successful coordination.

8. The acceptability of new services by the customers is a main concern, all

opportunities for evaluating customers’ interest must be used, specially involving them in
demonstration projects planned or in progress in different Member States. This
acceptability will be facilitated by a clear confidentiality policy concerning customers’
data.

9. As smart grids and their benefits still represent broadly misunderstood concepts by most
of end consumers, and as many initiatives related to smart grids or smart metering have
created concerns and questions towards the usefulness and relevance of such
developments, EG1 would recommend encouraging member states to address
communication and education of member states citizens and to develop a smart
grid communication roadmaps to:
o familiarise citizens with the EU 20/20/20 targets and the motivations behind
those targets, in particular environmental motivations

36
 o familiarise citizens with the operational and economic aspects of energy systems
and how different technologies can positively impact energy use to achieve stated
objectives
o familiarise citizens with the meaning of smart grids and how those will support
different initiatives to make our energy supply systems and energy use more
efficient, including the contribution of smart metering
o addressing identified concerns related to safety, security, privacy that many
consumers may have expressed as well as the economic impact on their
anticipated bills
o familiarising citizens with the proposed roadmap

10. Demand response programmes will represent a main part of energy efficiency
approaches. All types of customers must be involved in this process: industrial,
commercial and residential consumers. The focus of smart metering programs on
residential users must not induce the demand response programme to be limited to
houses and flats consumption.

11. As smart grids will increase the role of telecommunications in the electric system, cyber
security will become a major concern and the dialogue between equipments outside
and inside public network must be structured to exclude any possibility for external
equipment or actors to jeopardize the electric system entering into the electrical
telecommunications system.

12. Particular care must be given to defining the level of performance of the
telecommunication infrastructure for smart grids and smart metering systems, in
relation to the real time level expected, its cost and its interest. The standardisation
actors must define some reference levels corresponding to two or three performance
levels for the whole system. Some uniformity between European actors is expected,
especially to help the interaction between Transmission and Distribution.

13. Further aspects are of paramount importance in smart grids deployment:

o Possibility of easy updating and implementation of new technologies.
o System stability, system security, continuity of supply and voltage quality15 must
be safeguarded. In the framework of the national legislations, performance based
incentive regulatory schemes are recommended.
o The introduction of tailored contracts (curtailment, quality of supply) between the
users or their suppliers and the network operator is an opportunity to meet the
preferences of some users.
o The publication and transparency of actual/expected performance of the grid are
a means to foster performance improvements and to inform grid users.
o While some smart grid services are known at this stage it is expected that new
services will be developed and deployed over time. The smart grid infrastructure
shall provide enough flexibility for new services to be deployed.

Specific recommendations on standardization issues are highlighted:

15
For continuity of supply and voltage quality the European standard in force is EN50160 ratified in March 2010.

37
14. EG1 believes that the scope of smart grids is large, thus the risk is that too many bodies
work on this issue and that the priorities will not be precisely defined. It is necessary to
ensure and maximize collaboration and coordination among the different
stakeholder organisations. The different domains (Energy Market, Transmission and
Distribution, DER, E-Mobility) need to define common interfaces through
telecommunication and service standardised and interoperable architectures.

15. According to this a harmonisation of models and standards is necessary. Technical

standards have to be defined clearly and quickly; due to this reason it is necessary to
prioritize some key issues and define “fast track” solutions for the core set of standards.

16. Models, use cases and standards in development under the Mandate M/441 for smart
metering shall be taken into account to ensure coexistence of smart meters and smart
grids applications.

17. Standardisation work is necessary for an efficient and fast smart grid implementation, but
considering that the impact of smart grid is not only technical, but more on the services
and the process linked to, the involvement of all actors working on codes, rules and
global regulation is quite important.

18. Interoperability between systems is an expectation from all the industrial actors.
Standardisation actors must take that requirement into account. However they must be
careful not to restrict innovation and competition by an excessive level of requirements.

19. The standardisation of the interface between the wide area network and the HAN is
a key issue, including protocols, messages and workflow. This interface will be the
gateway between electrical system and home equipments. To facilitate the development
of new functionalities in these equipments, the interface must be precisely defined via
M/441 in order to fulfil the service performance level required by end users and in-house
appliance manufacturers.

20. Concerning standardisation methodology, EG1 recommends a top-down approach

in order to organise the priorities:
o 1st level: Harmonise the Smart Grid use cases to roles of each actor in Member
States
o 2nd level: Harmonise Smart Grid data modelling and description language
o 3rd level: Harmonise communication protocols
The reuse of existing standards is a priority.

38
13. REFERENCES

[1] NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 –
September 2009

[2] IEC detailed technical reference document for Smart Grid standardisation - Roadmap
discussion – Prepared by SMB Smart Grid Strategic Group (SG3) –SMB/4175/R

[3] Standardisation mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of measuring instruments
for the development of an open architecture for utility meters involving communication protocols
enabling interoperability – M/441 - SMART METERS CO-ORDINATION GROUP - FINAL
REPORT – (Version 0.6 – 2009-11-06)

[4] European SmartGrids Technology Platform: Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity
Networks of the Future – Published in 2006

[5] European Regulators’ Group for Electricity and Gas: Position Paper on Smart Grids, an
ERGEG public consultation paper – 10 December 2009

[6] European SmartGrids Technology Platform: Strategic deployment document – final version –
20 April 2010

[7] US Department of Energy: Smart Grid System Report – July 2009

[8] International Electrotechnical Commission, Electric Power Research Institute, IEC/PAS

62559: Intelligrid methodology for developing requirements for energy systems – 2008

[9] Smart Metering Coordination Group: Glossary of common used terms in relation with smart
metering – SMCG_WGR_008

39
ANNEX A – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

List of abbreviations

Term Definition
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
CEN European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation ÉLECtrotechnique
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CIM Common Information Model
CoAP Constrained Application Protocol
COSEM COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering
DER(s) Distributed Energy Resource(s)
DG Distributed Generation
DG ENER Directorate General Energy
DLMS Distribution Line Message Specification
DNO(s) Distribution network operator(s)
DSO(s) Distribution system operator(s)
EC European Commission
EEGI European Electricity Grid Initiative
EG1 Expert Group 1 (of the Task Force)
EG2 Expert Group 2 (of the Task Force)
EG3 Expert Group 3 (of the Task Force)
EIA DOE Energy Information Administration (US) Department of Energy
EISA (US) Energy Independence and Security Act
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
EMS Energy management system
EN European Norm
ENTSO for Electricity European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
ERGEG European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas
ESCO(s) Energy Service COmpany(ies)
ESO(s) European standardisation organisation(s)
ETP European Technology Platform
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
EV(s) Electric vehicle(s)
FACTS Flexible alternating current transmission systems
FERC US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
HAN Home Area Network

40
 Term Definition
HTML HyperText Markup Language
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HV High Voltage
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
ICT Information & communication technology
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE The world’s largest professional association for the advancement of
technology - former Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IP Internet Protocol
IT Information technology
LV Low Voltage
M2M Machine to Machine
MAIFI Momentary average interruption frequency index
MV Medium Voltage
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PPC Product Properties and Classification
PV Photovoltaic
R&D Research and development
RES Renewable energy sources
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SAIDI System average interruption duration index
SAIFI System average interruption frequency index
SET-Plan Strategic Energy Technology Plan
SG3 (IEC) Strategic Group on Smart Grid
SGIP Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
SMB (IEC) Standardization Management Board
SOA Service-Oriented Architecture
T&D Transmission and distribution
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TF Task Force
TR Technical Report
TSO(s) Transmission system operator(s)
VPP(s) Virtual Power Plant(s)

Definitions

Aggregator (with dispatching service functions of DER)

Market participant purchasing/selling electricity products on behalf on two or more
consumers/generators/DERs.

AMI - Advanced Metering Infrastructure [9]

41
Infrastructure which allows two way communications between the Head-End data collection
system and the meter(s) and other in-house devices. This infrastructure enables alternative
ways of data collection and implementation of mechanisms for remote control of in-house
devices. It consists of systems, communication devices and communication networks.

Ancillary services (from FERC order 888-A, April 1996)

Those services that are necessary to support the transmission of capacity and energy from
resources to loads while maintaining reliable operation of the Transmission Service Provider's
transmission system in accordance with good utility practice. FERC Order 888 identified the
following six ancillary services to be included in an open access transmission tariff:
− Scheduling, System Control and Dispatch Service;
− Reactive Supply and Voltage Control from Generation Sources Service;
− Regulation and Frequency Response Service;
− Energy Imbalance Service;
− Operating Reserve - Spinning Reserve Service;
− Operating Reserve - Supplemental Reserve Service.
FERC Order 888 does not preclude the transmission provider from offering voluntarily to provide
other interconnected operations services to the transmission customer along with the supply of
basic transmission service and ancillary services.
During the consultation process towards Order 888, NERC proposed interconnected operations
services were 12 as follows:
− system control and dispatch services;
− accounting;
− regulation service;
− energy imbalance service;
− frequency response service;
− backup supply service;
− operating reserve service: spinning reserve and supplemental reserve services;
− real power loss service;
− reactive supply (from generation resources) and voltage control service;
− restoration service;
− facilities use;
− reactive supply (from transmission resources).

Application and service provider

Provider of applications and services in the Information and Communication Technology world.

CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol (Source IETF).

A specialized transfer protocol for use with constrained networks and nodes for machine-to-
machine applications such as smart energy and building automation.

Demand Response (by FERC)

Changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in
response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to incentive payments designed to
induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is
jeopardized.

Demand Side Management (from EIA DOE)

The planning, implementation, and monitoring of utility activities designed to encourage
consumers to modify patterns of electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity

42
demand. It refers to only energy and load-shape modifying activities that are undertaken in
response to utility-administered programs. It does not refer to energy and load-shaped changes
arising from the normal operation of the marketplace or from government-mandated energy-
efficiency standards. Demand Side Management covers the complete range of load-shape
objectives, including strategic conservation and load management, as well as strategic load
growth.

DNO - Distribution Network Operator [9]

Organization responsible for managing the electricity network supplying the grid users
premises.

DSO
Distribution System Operator: organization owning distribution assets and acting as DNO.

ESCO – Energy Service Company

Market participant offering new contract based products to consumers based on their individual
usage pattern of energy (e.g. related to demand response, energy efficiency, etc.)

Metering operator [9]

Entity which offers services on a contractual basis to provide, install and maintain metering
equipment related to a supply. The contract may be with the customer, the supplier or the
DNO/DSO. The meter may be rented to, or owned by, the customer.

Microgrids (from More Microgrids Project)

Interconnection of small, modular generation to low voltage distribution systems forms a new
type of power system, the Microgrid. Microgrids can be connected to the main power network or
be operated islanded, in a coordinated, controlled way.

Power exchange platform operator

Operator that provides a market place for trading in physical and financial contracts within
defined country or region.

Smart meter [9]

Meter with extra functionality allows the meter to collect usage data and transmit this data back
to the via the AMI. Load control and tariff management are also examples of possible extra
functionality. The Smart Meter has provisions for a consumer interface that enables the
consumer to monitor energy usage .

Smart metering system

System including AMI, smart meters, data concentrators, central system and other
devices/systems/interfaces suitable to exchange metering information among all market
participants.

Virtual Power Plant – VPP (Source - EU Project FENIX)16

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregates the capacity of many diverse Distributed Energy
Resources (DER), it creates a single operating profile from a composite of the parameters
characterizing each DER and can incorporate the impact of the network on aggregate DER
output. There are two types of VPP, the Commercial VPP (CVPP) and the Technical VPP
(TVPP).

16
See also the definition of aggregator.

43
Commercial VPP (Source - EU Project FENIX)
A CVPP has an aggregated profile and output which represents the cost and operating
characteristics for the DER portfolio. The impact of the distribution network is not considered in
the aggregated CVPP profile.
Services/functions from a CVPP include trading in the wholesale energy market, balancing of
trading portfolios and provision of services (through submission of bids and offers) to the system
operator. The operator of a CVPP can be any third party aggregator or a Balancing Responsible
Party (BRP) with market access; e.g. an energy supplier.

Technical VPP (Source - EU Project FENIX)

The TVPP consists of DER´s placed in the same distribution network region. The TVPP includes the
real-time influence of the local network on DER aggregated profile as well as representing the
cost and operating characteristics of the portfolio.
Services and functions from a TVPP include local system management for Distribution System
Operator (DSO), as well as providing Transmission System Operator (TSO) system balancing
and ancillary services. The operator of a TVPP requires detailed information on the local
network.

44
ANNEX B - RESEARCH PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF SMART GRIDS

(1) EEGI Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) projects: Project

The European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI) has proposed a 9-year European research,
development and demonstration (RD&D) programme, initiated by electricity transmission and
distribution network operators, to accelerate innovation and the development of the electricity
networks of the future in Europe. The initiative has been launched as a European Industrial
Initiative at the SET Plan conference in Madrid on the 3rd of June 2010.

The cost of the entire program is estimated at 2 B€ covering the expected participation of
regulated networks, market players, research centres and universities. It does not cover the
costs of deploying the solutions across Europe. A detailed implementation plan is also provided,
covering priority projects that should start urgently, in the period 2010-2012. The investment in
the priority projects is estimated at 1 B€ to cover their full duration.

The proposed RD&D programme focuses on system innovation rather than on technology
innovation, and addresses the challenge of integrating new technologies under real life working
conditions and validating the results. The demonstrations of new developments will allow
evaluating their benefits, estimating their costs, and preparing scaling up and replication for an
accelerated take-up by all network operators.

A set of functional projects has been defined, covering the main functionalities of the Smart
Grids that need to be developed and tested to prepare for the deployment of Smart Grids at
European level. Each functional project includes a description of the demonstration and/or
research activities needed to reach specific functional goals.

The proposed approach takes into account the diversity of existing network architectures,
operations and national regulations which constrain network performances all over EU27.

The functional needs described can be served by one or more competing technology-based
solutions to meet the same needs. This is why the corresponding RD&D projects have been
expressed in functional terms leaving the room to competing RD&D proposals to deliver the
required knowledge. Program management at European level will ensure that an appropriate
number of projects are launched to cover different local conditions and competitive solutions and
to meet the needs of each set of requirements in the functional projects.

I.- Projects dealing with joint TSO-DSO issues over the period 2010-2018:r
Title Expected Step Changes
1.- Increased observability of the electric system for more efficient network interactions
- Use of metering data to deliver DG footprints
- Use of simulation models in substations to identify the state of the system
- Data exchange between TSOs and DSOs to better manage imbalances
- Validation of the SMART GRID data exchange conceptual model for current operations

2.- The integration of Demand Side Management in TSO operations

- The TSO planning tools at pan-European level integrate local active demand data
- Demand Response programs are implemented on a wider scale

45
3.- Further integration of decentralised generation and storage
- Aggregation of loads and distributed generation to manage imbalances and to provide
ancillary services to the system
- System services are provided by DER units at DSO level (voltage control and reactive
compensation)
- Coordinated congestion management between TSOs and DSOs

4.- Improved defence and restoration plans

- Validation of the SMART GRID data exchange conceptual model for emergency operations

II.- Projects on DSOs’ issues over the period 2010-2018:

1.- Active Demand Response

- Peak shaving and energy saving with a full range of incentives encompassing:
- Real-time price signals
- Application of time-of-use tariffs
- Possibility of visualizing and controlling their own power consumption using the latest
technology

2.- Energy efficiency coming from network integration of Smart Buildings

- Promoting energy efficiency by integrating energy management systems, home appliances
and the Home Automation Network within the local electricity distribution network

3.- Metering infrastructure

- Finding common, open standard solutions for Identifying and overcoming regulatory,
technological and economic barriers
- Proposing solutions that can enable a full roll-out of smart metering systems in Europe at
more affordable costs
- Expanding the number of clients that will be metered with the same technology

4.- Smart Metering data processing

- Evaluating new business cases when using metering data
- Metering as an enabler for the integration of future renewable energy sources (RES)

5.- DSO integration of small renewables

- Proposing new network design criteria which extend network hosting capacity while still
leading to secure operations and high power quality
- Proposing improved connection criteria
- Addressing grid protection issues with specifications towards manufacturers

6.- System integration of mid-size renewables

- Designing and demonstrating new solutions for medium-scale integration
- Increasing the grid hosting capacity for intermittent renewable energy sources
- Validating active, real-time network management for large-scale integrated management of
distributed generation

7.- Integration of storage technologies in network management

- Contributing to active, real-time, large-scale integration of storage in conjunction with
renewable energy sources and electric vehicles

46
- Storage integration to obtain a flattening of the load curve and increased power quality
- New knowledge on which storage solution appears the most effective and efficient at a
system level

8.- Infrastructure to host electric vehicles

- Proposals to implement an extended electricity recharge infrastructure in order to both
enable the easy, secure and flexible recharging of EV and PHEV and boost and foster EV-
PHEV penetration in Europe
- Regulatory recommendations to support EV/PHEV penetration
- Tariff scheme to act as an enabler and incentive to promote nightly recharging when energy
costs are lower
- Business models related to EV recharging (Energy Suppliers will benefit from the project by
extending their offers and including EV energy special contracts)
- Impacts on the grid, testable via a clustered and enlarged set of EV cars recharging
simultaneously

9.- Improved planning, monitoring and control of LV networks

- Mass-production of low-cost devices that allow proper monitoring of the LV network
- European standards for such monitoring and control
- More efficient network architectures leading to more effective outage management, load
control, load modelling and data exchanges
- Network regulatory schemes based on reliability and quality of power supply

10.- Automation and control of MV network

- MV Advanced network control functions to allow for self-healing grids
- Mobility Tools
- Targeted, preventive maintenance

11.- Methods and system support

- Revamping programs of IT solutions over the MV and LV life cycles, based on policy
definition and implementation of the upgrades using new asset management approaches
- Targeted preventive maintenance (power and IT systems)
- Improving the development of renewables in MV and LV networks
- Improvement renewables forecasting

12.- Integrated communication solutions

- Promoting the IP standard in the industry (product and application supplier for electricity
network, including supervision and control solution providers)
- Maximising efficiency of electricity infrastructure operations
- Enabling new services requiring broadband and real time interaction between grid
components
- Enabling information exchange between DSOs and TSOs, so improving Electric System
security and reliability
- Achieving sustainability of IT solutions (including cyber security and life time management)

(2) “Mobi-E” project (Portugal)

47
Project promoted by the Portuguese government for facilitating the introduction of electric
vehicles. Twenty one Portuguese cities are involved in “Mobi-E” and the short-term goal is the
installation of 320 recharging stations by end-2010 and to have active 1 300 recharging stations
at the end of 2011. A consortium of Portuguese companies is organised under the “Mobi-E”
initiative involving EDP, several industrial and consultant companies and research centres.

(3) EDP INOVGRID (Portugal)

It is a first pilot demonstration trial, already under implementation. It has the objective of
connecting, during 2009, 500 customers in 4 different geographical areas of Portugal and 50 000
customers during 2010. The cost of this pilot demonstration trial (15 M€) was accepted by the
Portuguese NRA and incorporated at the actual regulatory period tariffs.

(4) UK projects

A number of smart grid projects are already being pursued under existing incentive
arrangements – the Innovation Funding Incentive and Registered Power Zones. Projects
employing dynamic line ratings, intelligent generator constraint management and advanced
voltage control are already operational.

(5) E-Energy Project (Germany)

"E-Energy: ICT-based Energy System of the Future" is a new part of the technology policy of the
Federal Government. "E-Energy" stands for the comprehensive digital interconnection and
computer-based control and monitoring of the entire energy supply system. The primary goal of
E-Energy is to create E-Energy model regions that demonstrate how the tremendous potential
for optimisation presented by information and communication technologies (ICT) can best be
tapped to achieve greater efficiency, supply security and environmental compatibility
(cornerstones of energy and climate policy) in power supply, and how, in turn, new jobs and
markets can be developed. What is particularly innovative about this project is that integrative
ICT system concepts, which optimise the efficiency, supply security and environmental
compatibility of the entire electricity supply system all along the chain - from generation and
transport to distribution and consumption – are developed and tested in real-time in regional E-
Energy model projects.
To force the pace on the innovative development needed and to broaden the impact of the
results, the E-Energy programme focused on the following three aspects:
1. Creation of an E-Energy marketplace that facilitates electronic legal transactions and business
dealings between all market participants;
2. Digital interconnection and computerisation of the technical systems and components, and the
process control and maintenance activities based on these systems and components, such that
the largely independent monitoring, analysis, control and regulation of the overall technical
system is ensured;
3. Online linking of the electronic energy marketplace and overall technical system so that real
time digital interaction of business and technology operations is guaranteed.
An E-Energy technology competition was held and six model projects were declared the
winners. They each pursue an integral system approach, covering all energy-relevant economic
activities both at market and technical operating levels. The programme will run for a 4-year term
and mobilises, together with the equity capital of the participating companies, some €140 million
for the development of six E-Energy model regions:
- eTelligence, model region of Cuxhaven,
Subject: Intelligence for energy, markets and power grids

48
- E-DeMa, Ruhr area model region
Subject: decentralised integrated energy systems on the way towards the E-Energy
marketplace of the future
- MeRegio,
Subject: Minimum Emission Region
- Mannheim model city
Subject: Model city of Mannheim in the model region of Rhein-Neckar
- RegModHarz
Subject: Regenerative model region of Harz
- Smart Watts, model region Aachen
Subject: Greater efficiency and consumer benefit with the Internet of Energy

By 2012, the selected model regions are to develop their promising proposals up to the stage at
which they are ready for market launching and to test their marketability in everyday application

(6) “Wind demonstration project” ESB (Ireland)

- Exploration of Voltage / Var control on Distribution connected wind farms

- Use of voltage regulators to limit voltage rise
- Single transformer cluster stations for wind farms

Green circuits:
- Self Healing Networks
- Losses Reduction
o Voltage Upgrading i.e. 20kV Conversion
o Dynamic re-configuration of networks to minimise losses
o Re-conductoring
o Amorphous core transformers
o Installation of Capacitor banks
o Lower average supply voltage using line drop compensation

(7) “Connected Home/empowering customer choice” ESB (Ireland)

Objective is ‘to ascertain the potential for smart meter technology to effect measurable change in
consumer behaviour’. 6400 statistically representative customers: One year profile data per
customer (at least 6 actual months) for benchmark period

(8) GROW-DERS: Grid reliability and operability with distributed generation using
transportable storage.

Project coordinated by KEMA. Main companies involved Iberdrola, MVV Energie among others.
Goal: to demonstrate the technical and economical possibilities of existing electricity storage
technologies.

(9) Orkney project. Scottish & Southern (UK)

Goal: how to connect renewable energy quickly and economically to constrained networks.

(10) ADDRESS project: Active Distribution network with full integration of Demand and
distributed energy RESourceS

49
ADDRESS is a large-scale Integrated Project co-founded by the European Commission under
the 7th Framework Programme.
its target is to enable the Active Demand in the context of the smart grids of the future, or in
other words, the active participation of small and commercial consumers in power system
markets and provision of services to the different power system participants.
It is carried out by a Consortium of 25 partners from 11 European countries. Enel Distribuzione
(Italy) is the Coordinator.

(11) DEHEMS:

A mix of European local authorities, private business and universities is to develop and test a
Digital Energy Home Energy Management System (DEHEMS) for the home market in the frame
of FP7. DEHEMS aims at bringing the current intelligent meters in an ‘energy performance
model’ looking at how energy is used to enable new policies in carbon allowances and support
increased localized generation and distribution of energy. It will bring together sensor data on
household heat loss and appliance performance and monitor energy usage to give real time
information on emissions and energy performance of appliances and services. www.dehems.eu

(12) BeyWatch

BeyWatch is a 30-month research project supported by the European Commission (DG

Information Society and Media) aiming at ICT tools for environmental management and energy
efficiency. BeyWatch will develop an energy-aware and user-centric solution, able to provide
intelligent energy monitoring/control and power demand balancing at home/building &
neighbourhood level. Website: http://www.beywatch.eu/
Participants: EDF, Sigma Orionis, GL, Gorenje, Telefonica, Fagor, Universita degli studi di
Palermo, Synelixis

(13) Smart-A

The Smart-A project, Smart domestic Appliances in Sustainable Energy Systems, focuses on
assessing the potential for load-shifting by household appliances and analysing possible
synergies with local sustainable energy generation as well as the requirements of regional load
management. Website: http://www.smart-a.org/
Participants: University of Bonn, Germany; Enervision GmbH, Germany
Imperial College, United Kingdom; Inter-University Research Centre, Austria; The European
Association for the Promotion of Cogeneration,
(COGEN Europe), Belgium; EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Germany; University of
Manchester, United Kingdom.
CECED Member: Miele & Cie. KG, Germany.

(14) Energy@Home (Italy)

This project builds on the capability of a smart grid to deliver energy data such as price through
an home gateway to smart appliances; these can give to the customer a suggestion and
assistance on how to improve the energy management of the house, or can automatically react
taking into consideration all the in-house energy requirements.
Partners: Enel Distribuzione, Telecom Italia, Electrolux, Indesit Company

50
(15) Project chain DG DemoNet: Active distribution network operation with a high share
of distributed generation (Austria)

The main project target is to integrate a maximum of decentralised generation units based on
renewable energy resources into the electric distribution network without reinforcement of the
network.
In the predecessor projects DG DemoNet-Concept and BAVIS voltage control concepts for
medium voltage networks with a high share of distributed generation were developed in
numerical simulation environments, based on real network data, as well as their economic and
technical efficiency was evaluated compared to a reference scenario. Based on this experience,
DG DemoNet-Validation analyses, if the promising results from the simulations are also valid
under real network conditions and if the developed concepts are effective.
In the present project DG DemoNet-Validation voltage control concepts will be implemented in
reality in the analysed grid sections in Vorarlberg and Salzburg by using test platforms. This will
allow validating the simulation results from the former projects.

The detailed results of the project are:

• Development of a technical solution (ICT & ET) that complies with the requirements of
the developed control concepts.
• Examination of the general applicability of the results.
• Compilation of an operational concept
• Analysis of the long-term cost savings, compared to traditional network planning
concepts

(16) ISOLVES:PSSA-M: Innovative Solutions to Optimise Low Voltage Electricity Systems:

Power Snap-Shot Analysis by Meters (Austria)

The objective of the project ISOLVES:PSSA-M is to define and develop the required technical
foundations to enable an increasing number of distributed energy feed-in opportunities in low
voltage networks. For this purpose a method is developed to take an instantaneous image of the
network, the so-called "Power Snap-Shot Analysis by Meters" (PSSA-M), and is applied together
with the smart meters to be adapted in the framework of the project.
The basic idea behind this method is to simultaneously display measurement values – caused
by a trigger state - which represent an instantaneous image of the whole local network (voltage
parameters, asset load, etc.). The following possibilities offered by an analysis of the
instantaneous image of physical parameters in a low voltage network will be used: load flow and
load distribution, critical voltage states, error location, etc. In order to make use of synergies
(avoid installation of additional measurement devices, together with high investment and
operational costs) the project requires the adaptation of smart meters as measurement devices.

By analysing the obtained measurement data of up to 100 different low voltage networks
(including those with urban and rural structures) the potential for implementing a smart grid
approach for an active network operation in low voltage networks can be evaluated.
Results from this analysis contribute to investigate and to model low voltage networks more
precisely which leads to an essential improvement of network planning and network operation in
distribution networks. The final considerations deducted bring considerable improvement to the
field of network planning, especially in the area of new generation and demand installations, and
it will contribute to guarantee the power quality for end users.

51
(17) emporA - E-Mobile Power Austria (Austria)

The emporA project brings together Austria’s leading businesses from the automobile
industry, infrastructure technology, energy supply and science sectors in order to integrate
sub-systems, which are either new or currently in development, within innovative complete
systems for electric mobility in a user-oriented and international coordinated way.

Objectives of the project (in relation to Smart Grids)

• Forecast and online estimation of distributed renewable generation and e-car demand
• Control of generation / e-car charging to keep the power balance - VPP
• Data concentration (per balance responsible party) at public / fleet car parks
• Control of e-car charging to keep the network balance / voltage band
• Develop for existing DMS system an advanced distribution voltage control application
• Interface for DSO at public / fleet car parks network node level
• Data concentration (per network node) at public / fleet car parks
• Automation system concepts for concentrated e-cars (e.g. in parking houses)

(18) Meta PV project: Metamorphosis of Power Distribution: System Services from

Photovoltaics (EU)

MetaPV demonstrates the provision of electrical benefits from photovoltaics (PV) on a large
scale. Additional benefits for active grid support from PV will be demonstrated at two sites: a
residential/urban area of 128 households with 4 kWp each, and an industrial zone of 31 PV
systems with 200 kWp each. The enhanced control capacities to be implemented into PV
inverters and demonstrated are active voltage control, fault ride-through capability, autonomous
grid operation, and interaction of distribution system control with PV systems. A detailed
technical and economic assessment of the additional services from PV is carried out. The role of
PV in an area fully supplied by renewable sources is to be assessed.

Main Objectives of the project are:

ƒ Development of the necessary elements for enabling active grid support from PV,
namely:
ƒ enhanced control capacities implemented into PV inverters,
ƒ adapted grid control strategies and infrastructure including means of
communication where required,
ƒ an efficient use of distributed storage
ƒ Demonstration of additional benefits from PV in a Belgium distribution system, namely:
ƒ power quality improvement,
ƒ increased security of power supply.

(19) Open Architecture for Secondary Nodes of the Electricity SmartGrid (EU)

The OpenNode project is focussing on inner parts of the distribution grid, namely the smart
Secondary Substation Nodes (SSN) as substantial component to monitor and control the
distribution grid status. Based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) three
challenges will be addressed by a network of embedded devices – the SSNs – capable of
communicate to each other and contribute to the efficient exploitation of the energy resources.

52
OpenNode project is focussing on research and development of (1) an open secondary
substation node which is seen as an essential control component of the future smart
distribution grid, (2) a Middleware to couple the SSN operation with the Utilities systems for
grid and utility operation and (3) a modular communication architecture based on
standardised communication protocols to grant the flexibility required by the stakeholder
diversification and to cope with massively distributed embedded systems in the distribution grid.
Developments will be guided by an initial analysis of requirements and definition of the overall
architecture and interfaces together with the detailed description of the use cases leading to the
technical demonstrations with two functional prototypes of a Secondary Substation Node.

(20) FENIX - Flexible Electricity Networks to Integrate the eXpected “energy revolution”
(EU) + zUQde (Austria)

The goal of the FENIX project was to enable Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to make the
EU electricity supply system cost efficient, secure and sustainable through aggregation into
Large Scale Virtual Power Plant (LSVPP). Two demonstrations had been successful.
Received results:
ƒ Maximum integration / maximum benefit of Decentralized Generation (Medium Voltage
range)
ƒ DSO validates (and if necessary, constrains) the DER power offer schedules
ƒ Sell aggregated DER power to the energy market
ƒ Provide aggregated tertiary reserve to TSO reserve market
ƒ Provide reactive power regulation capability of DER in MV range as service for DSO
(e.g. to keep line voltages)

Within the research and demonstration project zUQde the results of the FENIX project will be
transferred from an offline into an online (full – active) DMS / DSE application version at an
medium voltage branch, within an distribution grid of Salzburg Netz AG.

(21) EcoGrid EU project: A Smart Grid prototype for the Future

The EcoGrid EU vision:
- To implement high dissemination of multiple renewable energy resources to
meet the EU 20-20-20 goals
- To create a new and fine meshed electric system based on bidirectional grid,
distributed consumption and generation with real-time control and market
prices
- To enhance consumer and local producers (prosumers) to participate in the
operation of the electric system through a real-time market, energy storage
and savings
- To deploy a full scale demonstration in a real grid with participation of the
DSO, industrial partners and Community.

53
(22) Università degli Studi di Genova – T&D Europe
Study on Criteria for the Quantification of how modern T&D-systems help accomplish the
EU 20/20/20 targets
The study is aimed at providing criteria on the evaluation on how the future Transmission and
Distribution (T&D) infrastructures (Smart Grids process) contribute to accomplish the “EU 20-20-
20 targets”, in terms of efficiency increase (+ 20% within 2020), CO2 reduction (– 20% within
2020) and a wider employ of renewable energy resources (+ 20% within 2020).
In particular, the developed methodology allows to quantify the possible environmental benefits
as well as the power quality improvement provided by the application of modern T&D products
and systems on the power grids to be renovated/upgraded.
Such methodology seems to be at present the only available in state-of-the-art scientific
literature and is based on the identification of suitable “performance (technical) indices” to be
used to rank the benefits brought by the different grid upgrading measures and on the definition
of suitable “test networks”. The criteria applied on the reference test networks can be deployed
as benchmarks to perform the evaluation, via the introduced indices, of whatever future grid
improvement.
Methodology outcomes will be therefore quantities like the saved kilowatt hours, the non-emitted
CO2 Mtons and the evaluation of the increment in renewables penetration due to the
modernization of power grids with interventions like:
• replacement/refurbishment of power components;
• increased use of WAMS/WACS;
• upgrading protection and control devices for communication;
• increase of voltage level;
• installation of power quality devices;
• increased use of compensation devices;
• adoption of new technologies and systems for power transmission (all types of HVDC).

(23) 3e-HOUSES project

3e-HOUSES project deals with the integration of the most established ICT technologies in social
housing in order to provide an innovative service for energy efficiency.

o Real time monitoring of the energy consumption

o Integration of renewable energies
o Creating the resources to lower energy consumption

54
ANNEX C – Some relevant standards

This Annex highlights EU, International and Defacto standards identified in the IEC, NIST and
ESMIG reports and relevant to smart grid and smart metering applications17.

European Standards

Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description

EN 50470-1:2006 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Part 1: General requirements, tests and
test conditions – Metering equipment (class indexes A, B and C)
EN 50470-2:2006 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Part 2: Particular requirements –
Electromechanical meters for active energy (class indexes A and B)

EN 50470-3:2006 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Part 3: Particular requirements – Static

meters for active energy (class indexes A, B and C)

EN 61334-3-21:1996 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 3: Mains
signaling requirements -- Section 21: MV phase-to-phase isolated capacitive
coupling device

EN 61334-3-22:2001 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 3-22:
Mains signaling requirements - MV phase-to-earth and screen-to-earth intrusive
coupling devices

EN 61334-4-1:1996 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4: Data
communication protocols -- Section 1: Reference model of the communication
system

EN 61334-4-33:1998 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4-33: Data
communication protocols - Data link layer - Connection oriented protocol

EN 61334-4-42:1996 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4: Data
communication protocols -- Section 42: Application protocols - Application layer

EN 61334-4-32:1996 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4: Data
communication protocols -- Section 32: Data link layer - Logical link control
(LLC)

EN 61334-4-41:1996 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4: Data
communication protocols -- Section 41: Application protocols - Distribution line
message specification

EN 61334-4-61:1998 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4-61: Data
communication protocols - Network layer - Connectionless protocol

EN 61334-4-511:2000 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4-511:
Data communication protocols - Systems management - CIASE protocol

EN 61334-4-512:2002 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 4-512:
Data communication protocols - System management using profile 61334-5-1 -
Management Information Base (MIB)

EN 61334-5-1:2001 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 5-1: Lower
layer profiles - The spread frequency shift keying (S-FSK) profile

17
This list has been provided by EG2.

55
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
EN 61334-6:2000 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -- Part 6: A-XDR
encoding rule

EN 62052-11 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – General requirements, tests and test
conditions – Part 11: Metering equipment

EN 62052-21 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – General requirements, tests and test
conditions – Part 21: Tariff and load control equipment

EN 62053-11 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 11:

Electromechanical meters for active energy (classes 0,5,1 and 2)

EN 62053-21 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 21: Static
meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)

EN 62053-22 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 22: Static
meters for active energy (classes 0,2 S and 0,5 S)

EN 62053-23 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 23: Static
meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3)

EN 62053-31 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 31: Pulse
output devices for electromechanical and electronic meters (two wires only)

EN 62053-52 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 52:

Symbols

EN 62053-61 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 61: Power
consumption and voltage requirement

EN 62054-11 Electricity metering (a.c.) – Tariff and load control – Part 11: Particular
requirements for electronic ripple control receivers

EN 62054-21 Electricity metering (a.c.) – Tariff and load control – Part 21: Particular
requirements for time switches

EN 62055-31 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 31: Particular requirements –

Static payment meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)

EN 62056-21 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 21: Direct local data exchange

EN 62056-31 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 31: Use of local area network on twisted pair with carrier signalling

EN 62056-42 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 42: Physical layer services and procedures for connection-oriented
asynchronous data exchange

EN 62056-46+am1 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol

EN 62056-47 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks

EN 62056-53 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 53: COSEM application layer

EN 62056-61 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 61:Object identification system (OBIS)

EN 62056-62 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 62:Interface classes

Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part 11:General

acceptance inspection methods
FprEN 62058-11

56
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part
21:Particular requirements for electromechanical meters for active energy
(classes 0,5,1 and 2)
FprEN 62058-21
Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part
31:Particular requirements for static meters for active energy (classes 0,2 S,
0,5 S, 1 and 2)
FprEN 62058-31
EN 62059-31-1 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 31-1: Accelerated
reliability testing – Elevated temperature and humidity

FprEN 62059-32-1:2008 Electricity metering equipment - Dependability -- Part 32-1: Durability - Testing
of the stability of metrological characteristics by applying elevated temperature

EN 62059-41 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 41: Reliability prediction

prEN 62059-51 Electricity metering equipment - Dependability -- Part 51: Software aspects of
dependability

FprEN 61968-9:2008 Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution
management -- Part 9: Interface standard for meter reading and control

Communications
EN 13321-1 Part 1 Developed by CEN. Open data communication in building automation, controls
and building management - Home and building electronic system: Product and
system requirements

EN 13321-1 Part 2 Developed by CEN. Open data communication in building automation, controls
and building management - Home and building electronic system:KNXnet/IP
Communication

EN 13757-1:2003 Part 1 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part 1: Data
exchange includes Obis and DLMS/COSEM)

EN 13757-2:2004 Part 2 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part2:
Physical and link layer.

EN 13757-3:2004 Part 3 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part 3:
Dedicated application layer.

EN 13757-4:2005 Part 4 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part 4:
Wireless meter read-out (electricity meters are not covered by this standard, as
the standardization of remote readout of electricity meters is a task for
IEC/CENELEC.

EN 13757-5:2008 Part 5 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part 5:
Wireless relay.

EN 13757-6 Part 6 Developed by CEN. Communication system for meters and remote reading of
meters. Include such communication systems as M-Bus and PLC. Part 6: Local
Bus.

EN 50090-2-1:1994 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 2-1: System overview -
Architecture

57
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
EN 50090-2-2:1996 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 2-2: System overview -
General technical requirements

EN 50090-2-2:1996/A1:2002 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 2-2: System overview -
General technical requirements

EN 50090-2-2:1996/A2:2007 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 2-2: System overview -
General technical requirements

EN 50090-2-3:2005 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 2-3: System overview -
General functional safety requirements for products intended to be integrated in
HBES

EN 50090-3-1:1994 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 3-1: Aspects of
application - Introduction to the application structure

EN 50090-3-2:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 3-2: Aspects of
application - User process for HBES Class 1

EN 50090-3-3:200X Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 3-3: Aspects of
application - HBES Interworking model and common HBES data types

EN 50090-4-1:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 4-1: Media independent
layers - Application layer for HBES Class 1

EN 50090-4-2:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 4-2: Media independent
layers - Transport layer, network layer and general parts of data link layer for
HBES Class 1

EN 50090-4-3:2007 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 4-3: Media independent
layers - Communication over IP

EN 50090-5-1:2005 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 5-1: Media and media
dependent layers - Power line for HBES Class 1

EN 50090-5-2:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 5-2: Media and media
dependent layers - Network based on HBES Class 1, Twisted Pair

EN 50090-5-3:2006 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 5-3: Media and media
dependent layers - Radio frequency

CLC/prTS 50090-6-4 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 6-4: Interfaces -
Residential gateway model for a home and building electronic system

EN 50090-7-1:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 7-1: System
management - Management procedures

EN 50090-8:2000 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 8: Conformity

assessment of products

EN 50090-9-1:2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 9-1: Installation
requirements - Generic cabling for HBES Class 1 Twisted Pair

CLC/TR 50090-9-2:2007 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -- Part 9-2: Installation
requirements - Inspection and testing of HBES installation

EN 60870-2-1:1996 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 2: Operating conditions -- Section 1:

Power supply and electromagnetic compatibility

EN 60870-2-2:1996 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 2: Operating conditions -- Section 2:

Environmental conditions (climatic, mechanical and other non-electrical
influences)

EN 60870-5-1:1993 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section

1: Transmission frame formats

EN 60870-5-2:1993 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section

2: Link transmission procedures

58
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
EN 60870-5-3:1992 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section
3: General structure of application data

EN 60870-5-4:1993 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section

4: Definition and coding of application information elements

EN 60870-5-5:1995 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section

5: Basic application functions

FprEN 60870-5-6:2008 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5-6: Guidelines for conformance
testing for the IEC 60870-5 companion standards

EN 60870-5-101:2003 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5-101: Transmission protocols -

Companion standard for basic telecontrol tasks

EN 60870-5-102:1996 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5: Transmission protocols -- Section

102: Companion standard for the transmission of integrated totals in electric
power systems

EN 60870-5-103:1998 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5-103: Transmission protocols -

Companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment

EN 60870-5-104:2006 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 5-104: Transmission protocols -

Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 using standard transport profiles

EN 60870-6-2:1995 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible

with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations -- Section 2: Use of basic
standards (OSI layers 1-4)

EN 60870-6-501:1996 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible

with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations -- Section 501: TASE.1
Service definitions

EN 60870-6-502:1996 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible

with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations -- Section 502: TASE.1
Protocol definitions

EN 60870-6-503:2002 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6-503: Telecontrol protocols

compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2 Services
and protocol

EN 60870-6-601:1995 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible

with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations -- Section 601: Functional
Profile for providing the Connection-Oriented Transport Service in End System
connected via permanent access to a Packet Switched Data Network

EN 60870-6-701:1998 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6-701: Telecontrol protocols

compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Functional profile
for providing the TASE.1 application service in end systems

EN 60870-6-702:1998 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6-702: Telecontrol protocols

compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Functional profile
for providing the TASE.2 application service in end systems

EN 60870-6-802:2002/A1:2005 Telecontrol equipment and systems -- Part 6-802: Telecontrol protocols

compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2 Object
models

EN 61850-3:2002 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 3: General

requirements

EN 61850-4:2002 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 4: System and

project management

59
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
EN 61850-5:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 5: Communication
requirements for functions and device models

EN 61850-6:2004 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 6: Configuration

description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs

FprEN 61850-6:200X Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 6:
Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations
related to IEDs

FprEN 61850-7-1:2008 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-1:
Basic communication structure - Principles and models

EN 61850-7-1:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 7-1: Basic

communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Principles and
models

FprEN 61850-7-2:2008 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-2:
Basic information and communication structure - Abstract communication
service interface (ACSI)

EN 61850-7-2:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 7-2: Basic

communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)

FprEN 61850-7-3:2008 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-3:
Basic communication structure - Common data classes

EN 61850-7-3:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 7-3: Basic

communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Common data
classes

FprEN 61850-7-4:2008 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-4:
Basic communication structure - Compatible logical node classes and data
classes

EN 61850-7-4:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 7-4: Basic

communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Compatible
logical node classes and data classes

EN 61850-7-410:2007 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-
410: Hydroelectric power plants - Communication for monitoring and control

FprEN 61850-7-420:2008 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -- Part 7-
420: Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical
nodes

EN 61850-8-1:2004 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 8-1: Specific

Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and
ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3

EN 61850-9-1:2003 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 9-1: Specific

Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values over serial
unidirectional multidrop point to point link

EN 61850-9-2:2004 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 9-2: Specific

Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values over ISO/IEC
8802-3

EN 61850-10:2005 Communication networks and systems in substations -- Part 10: Conformance

testing

60
Electricity Metering (CENELEC) Description
CLC/prTS 61850-80-1 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 80-1:
Guideline to exchanging information from a CDC-based data model using IEC
60870-5-101 or IEC 60870-5-104

Interface
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 1:
EN 61970-1:2007
Guidelines and General Requirements

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 2:

CLC/TS 61970-2:2005
Glossary

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

FprEN 61970-301:2009
301: Common information model (CIM) base

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-402:2008
402: Common services

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-403:2008
403: Generic data access

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-404:2007
404: High speed data access (HSDA)

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-405:2007
405: Generic eventing and subscription (GES)

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-407:2007
407: Time series data access (TSDA)

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-453:2008
453: CIM based graphics exchange

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part

EN 61970-501:2006 501: Common information model resource description framework (CIM RDF)
schema

Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution

EN 61968-1:2004
management Part 1: Interface architecture and general requirements

Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution

EN 61968-3:2004
management Part 3: Interface for network operations

Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution

EN 61968-4:2007
management Part 4: Interfaces for records and asset management

Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution

FprEN 61968-9:2008
management -- Part 9: Interface standard for meter reading and control

Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution

EN 61968-13:2008
management - Part 13: CIM RDF Model exchange format for distribution

International
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC/TR 62051 Electricity metering – glossary of terms

IEC/TR 62051-1 Electricity metering – data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control

IEC/TR 61334-1-1 (1995-11) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 1: General
considerations - Section 1: Distribution automation system architecture

61
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC/TR 61334-1-2 (1997-12) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 1-2: General
considerations - Guide for specification
IEC/TR 61334-1-4 (1995-11) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 1: General
considerations - Section 4: Identification of data transmission parameters
concerning medium and low-voltage distribution mains
IEC 61334-3-1 (1998-11) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 3-1: Mains
signalling requirements - Frequency bands and output levels
IEC 61334-3-21 (1996-03) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 3: Mains
signalling requirements - Section 21: MV phase-to-phase isolated capacitive
coupling device
IEC 61334-3-22 (2001-01) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 3-22: Mains
signalling requirements - MV phase-to-earth and screen-to-earth intrusive
coupling devices
IEC 61334-4-1 (1996-07) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4: Data
communication protocols - Section 1: Reference model of the communication
system
IEC 61334-4-32 (1996-09) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4: Data
communication protocols - Section 32: Data link layer - Logical link control (LLC)
IEC 61334-4-33 (1998-07) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4-33: Data
communication protocols - Data link layer - Connection oriented protocol
IEC 61334-4-41 (1996-08) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4: Data
communication protocols - Section 41: Application protocol - Distribution line
message specification
IEC 61334-4-42 (1996-10) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4: Data
communication protocols - Section 42: Application protocols - Application layer
IEC 61334-4-61 (1998-07) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4-61: Data
communication protocols - Network layer - Connectionless protocol
IEC 61334-4-511 (2000-04) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4-511: Data
communication protocols - Systems management - CIASE protocol
IEC 61334-4-512 (2001-10) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 4-512: Data
communication protocols - System management using profile 61334-5-1 -
Management Information Base (MIB)
IEC 61334-5-1 (2001-05) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 5-1: Lower
layer profiles - The spread frequency shift keying (S-FSK) profile
IEC/TS 61334-5-2 (1998-05) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 5-2: Lower
layer profiles - Frequency shift keying (FSK) profile
IEC/TS 61334-5-3 (2001-01) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 5-3: Lower-
layer profiles - Spread spectrum adaptive wideband (SS-AW) profile
IEC/TS 61334-5-4 (2001-06) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 5-4: Lower
layer profiles - Multi-carrier modulation (MCM) profile
IEC/TS 61334-5-5 (2001-09) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 5-5: Lower
layer profiles - Spread spectrum - fast frequency hopping (SS-FFH) profile
IEC 61334-6 (2000-06) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems - Part 6: A-XDR
encoding rule
IEC 61698

IEC 62052-11 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – General requirements, tests and test
conditions – Part 11: Metering equipment
IEC 62052-21 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – General requirements, tests and test
conditions – Part 21: Tariff and load control equipment
IEC 62053-11 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 11:
Electromechanical meters for active energy (classes 0,5,1 and 2)
IEC 62053-21 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 21: Static
meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)
IEC 62053-22 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 22: Static
meters for active energy (classes 0,2 S and 0,5 S)
IEC 62053-23 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 23: Static
meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3)
IEC 62053-31 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 31: Pulse
output devices for electromechanical and electronic meters (two wires only)
IEC 62053-52 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 52:
Symbols
IEC 62053-61 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Particular requirements – Part 61: Power
consumption and voltage requirement
IEC 62054-11 Electricity metering (a.c.) – Tariff and load control – Part 11: Particular
requirements for electronic ripple control receivers

62
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC 62054-21 Electricity metering (a.c.) – Tariff and load control – Part 21: Particular
requirements for time switches
IEC 62055-21 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 21:Framework for
standardization
IEC 62055-31 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 31: Particular requirements –
Static payment meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)
IEC 62055-41 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 41: Standard transfer
specification (STS) – Application layer protocol for one-way token carrier
systems
IEC 62055-51 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 51: Standard transfer
specification (STS) – Physical layer protocol for one-way numeric and magnetic
card token carriers

IEC 62055-52 Electricity metering – Payment systems – Part 52: Standard transfer
specification (STS) – Physical layer protocol for a two-way virtual token carrier
for direct local connection

IEC 62056-21 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 21: Direct local data exchange
IEC 62056-31 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 31: Use of local area network on twisted pair with carrier signalling

IEC/TS 62056-41 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 41: Data exchange using wide area networks: Public switched telephone
network (PSTN) with LINK + protocol

IEC 62056-42 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 42: Physical layer services and procedures for connection-oriented
asynchronous data exchange

IEC 62056-46+am1 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
IEC 62056-47 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks
IEC/TS 62056-51 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 51: Application layer protocols
IEC/TS 62056-52 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 52: Communication protocols management distribution line message
specification (DLMS) server

IEC 62056-53 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 53: COSEM application layer
IEC 62056-61 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 61:Object identification system (OBIS)
IEC 62056-62 Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control –
Part 62:Interface classes
IEC 62058-11 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part 11:General
acceptance inspection methods
IEC 62058-21 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part
21:Particular requirements for electromechanical meters for active energy
(classes 0,5,1 and 2)
IEC 62058-31 Electricity metering equipment (AC) – Acceptance inspection – Part
31:Particular requirements for static meters for active energy (classes 0,2 S, 0,5
S, 1 and 2)
IEC/TR 62059-11 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 11: General concepts
IEC/TR 62059-21 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 21: Collection of meter
dependability data from the field
IEC/TR 62059-31 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 31-1: Accelerated
reliability testing – Elevated temperature and humidity
IEC/TR 62059-41 Electricity metering equipment – Dependability – Part 41: Reliability prediction
IEC 61968-9 Ed. 1.0 System Interfaces For Distribution Management - Part 9: Interface Standard for
Meter Reading and Control

Communications

63
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description

Open data communication in building automation, controls and building

EN/ISO 14908-1 management - Building network protocol - Part 1: Protocol stack

Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building

EN /ISO 14908-2 Management -- Control Network Protocol -- Part 2: Twisted Pair Communication

Open data communication in building automation, controls and building

EN /ISO 14908-3 management. Control network protocol. Part 3: Power line channel specification

Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building

EN /ISO 14908-4 Management -- Control Network Protocol -- Part 4: IP Communication
IEEE 802
Standards for Local Area Network and Metropolitan Area Network. The most
widely used standards are: Ethernet, Token Ring, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN
(Personal Area Network), Wireless MAN, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs.
IEEE 802.1 Overview & Architecture.

IEEE 802.2 Standard defining Logical Link Control (LLC), which is the upper portion of the
data link layer of the OSI Model.
IEEE 802.3 Standards defining the physical layer, and the media access control (MAC)
sublayer of the data link layer, of wired Ethernet. This is generally a LAN
technology with some WAN applications. Physical connections are made
between nodes and/or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by
various types of copper or fiber cable.

IEEE 802.4 The IEEE 802.4 standard defines a bus physical topology which uses a token
message to grant the right to access the physical network media. Group has
been disbanded
IEEE 802.5 CSMA/CD Access method (Lists provisions for Ethernet technology - widely
used in such countries as Netherlands, Belgium, Bulgaria, Lithuania, etc.)

IEEE 802.11 Token Ring Access Method

IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (Lists provisions for Zigbee, PhyNet,
Sensinode technology).
IEEE 802.15.1:2005 Wireless Personal Area Network standard based on the Bluetooth v1.2
specifications.
IEEE 802.15.2:2003 Addresses the issue of coexistence of wireless personal area networks (WPAN)
with other wireless devices operating in unlicensed frequency bands such as
wireless local area networks (WLAN).

IEEE 802.15.3:2003 MAC and PHY standard for high-rate (11 to 55 Mbit/s) WPANs.

IEEE 802.15.4:2006 A standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-
rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). ZigBee
IEEE 802.15.5 Mesh Networking of Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

IEEE 802.15.6 This task group is focusing on BAN or Body Area Network Technologies. The
goal is a low-power and low-frequency short-range wireless standard.[3]

IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks

IEEE 802.17 Resilent Packet Rings access method and physical layer specifications

IEC/TR 60870-1-1 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 1: General considerations. Section
One: General principles

IEC 60870-1-2 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 1: General considerations. Section
Two: Guide for specifications

IEC/TR 60870-1-3 Ed. 2.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 1: General considerations - Section 3:
Glossary

IEC/TR 60870-1-4 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 1: General considerations - Section 4:
Basic aspects of telecontrol data transmission and organization of standards
IEC 870-5 and IEC 870-6

64
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC/TR 60870-1-5 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 1-5: General considerations -
Influence of modem transmission procedures with scramblers on the data
integrity of transmission systems using the protocol IEC 60870-5

IEC 60870-2-1 Ed. 2.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 2: Operating conditions - Section 1:
Power supply and electromagnetic compatibility

IEC 60870-2-2 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 2: Operating conditions - Section 2:
Environmental conditions (climatic, mechanical and other non electrical
influences)
IEC 60870-3 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 3: Interfaces (electrical characteristics)
IEC 60870-4 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 4: Performance requirements
IEC 60870-5-1 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section
One: Transmission frame formats

IEC 60870-5-2 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section 2:
Link transmission procedures

IEC 60870-5-3 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section 3:
General structure of application data

IEC 60870-5-4 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section 4:
Definition and coding of application information elements

IEC 60870-5-5 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section 5:
Basic application functions

IEC 60870-5-6 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-6: Guidelines for conformance
testing for the IEC 60870-5 companion standards

IEC 60870-5-101 Ed. 2.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-101: Transmission protocols -
Companion standard for basic telecontrol tasks

IEC 60870-5-102 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission protocols - Section
102: Companion standard for the transmission of integrated totals in electric
power systems

IEC 60870-5-103 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-103: Transmission protocols -
Companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment

IEC 60870-5-104 Ed. 2.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-104: Transmission protocols -
Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 using standard transport profiles

IEC/TS 60870-5-601 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-601: Conformance test cases for
the IEC 60870-5-101 companion standard

IEC/TS 60870-5-604 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-604: Conformance test cases for
the IEC 60870-5-104 companion standard

IEC/TR 60870-6-1 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible
with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Section 1: Application context
and organization of standards

IEC 60870-6-2 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible
with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Section 2: Use of basic
standards (OSI layers 1-4)

IEC 60870-6-501 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible
with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Section 501: TASE.1 Service
definitions

IEC 60870-6-502 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible
with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Section 502: TASE.1
Protocol definitions

IEC 60870-6-503 Ed. 2.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-503: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2 Services

65
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
and protocol

IEC/TS 60870-6-504 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-504: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.1 User
conventions
IEC/TR 60870-6-505 Consol. Ed. Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-505: Telecontrol protocols
1.1 (incl. am1) compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2 User
guide
IEC/TR 60870-6-505-am1 Ed. 1.0 Amendment 1 - Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-505: Telecontrol
protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Tase.2
User guide

IEC 60870-6-601 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol protocol s compatible
with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Sect ion 601: Functional
profile for providing the connection-oriente d transport service in an end system
connected via permanent acc ess to a packet switched data network

IEC/TS 60870-6-602 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-602: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE transport
profiles
IEC 60870-6-701 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-701: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Functional profile
for providing the TASE.1 application service in end systems

IEC 60870-6-702 Ed. 1.0 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-702: Telecontrol protocols
compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - Functional profile
for providing the TASE.2 application service in end systems

IEC 60870-6-802 Consol. Ed. 2.1 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-802: Telecontrol protocols
(incl. am1) compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2 Object
models
IEC 60870-6-802-am1 Ed. 2.0 Amendment 1 - Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-802: Telecontrol
protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations - TASE.2
Object models

IEC/TR 61850-1 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 1: Introduction and
overview

IEC/TS 61850-2 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 2: Glossary
IEC 61850-3 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 3: General
requirements
IEC 61850-4 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 4: System and
project management

IEC 61850-5 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 5: Communication
requirements for functions and device models

IEC 61850-6 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 6: Configuration
description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs

IEC 61850-7-1 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 7-1: Basic
communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Principles and
models

IEC 61850-7-2 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 7-2: Basic
communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)

IEC 61850-7-3 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 7-3: Basic
communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Common data
classes

IEC 61850-7-4 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 7-4: Basic
communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Compatible
logical node classes and data classes

66
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC 61850-7-410 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-410:
Hydroelectric power plants - Communication for monitoring and control

IEC 61850-8-1 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 8-1: Specific
Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and
ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3

IEC 61850-9-1 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 9-1: Specific
Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values over serial
unidirectional multidrop point to point link

IEC 61850-9-2 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 9-2: Specific
Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-
3
IEC 61850-10 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 10: Conformance
testing

IEC/TS 61850-80-1 Ed. 1.0 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 80-1:
Guideline to exchanging information from a CDC-based data model using IEC
60870-5-101 or IEC 60870-5-104

ISO/IEC 14543-2-1 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 2-1:
Introduction and device modularity - (NOTE: ISO/IEC 14543 aligns with
European Standards EN13321-1/2 & EN 50090)
ISO/IEC 14543-3-1 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-1:
Communication layers - Application layer for network based control of HES
Class 1
ISO/IEC 14543-3-2 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-2:
Communication layers - Transport, network and general parts of data link layer
for network based control of HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-3-3 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-3:
User process for network based control of HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-3-4 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-4:
System management - Management procedures for network based control of
HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-3-5 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-5:
Media and media dependent layers - Powerline for network based control of
HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-3-6 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-6:
Media and media dependent layers - Twisted pair for network based control of
HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-3-7 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 3-7:
Media and media dependent layers - Radio frequency for network based control
of HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-4-1 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 4-1:
Communication layers - Application layer for network enhanced control devices
of HES Class 1

ISO/IEC 14543-4-2 Information technology - Home electronic system (HES) architecture - Part 4-2:
Communication layers - Transport, network and general parts of data link layer
for network enhanced control devices of HES Class 1

Interface
IEC 61970-1 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 1:
Guidelines and General Requirements

IEC/TS 61970-2 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 2:
Glossary

67
Electricity Metering (IEC) Description
IEC 61970-301 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 301:
Common information model (CIM) base

IEC 61970-302 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) -

Part 302: Common information model (CIM) financial, energy scheduling and
reservations
IEC/TS 61970-401:2005 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part
401: Component interface specification (CIS) framework

IEC 61970-402 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 402:
Common services

IEC 61970-403 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 403:
Generic data access

IEC 61970-404 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 404:
High speed data access (HSDA)

IEC 61970-405 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 405:
Generic eventing and subscription (GES)

IEC 61970-407 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 407:
Time series data access (TSDA)

IEC 61970-453 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 453:
CIM based graphics exchange

IEC 61970-501 Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) Part 501:
Common information model resource description framework (CIM RDF) schema

IEC 61968-1 Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution
management Part 1: Interface architecture and general requirements

IEC/TS 61968-2 Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution
management - Part 2: Glossary

IEC 61968-3 Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution
management Part 3: Interface for network operations

IEC 61968-4 Application integration at electric utilities - system interfaces for distribution
management Part 4: Interfaces for records and asset management

IEC 61968-13 Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution
management - Part 13: CIM RDF Model exchange format for distribution

Data exchange security

IEC/TS 62351-1:2007 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and
communications security - Part 1: Communication network and system security -
Introduction to security issues

IEC/TS 62351-2 Application integration at electric utilities - System interfaces for distribution
management - Part 2: Glossary

IEC/TS 62351-3:2007 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and
communications security - Part 3: Communication network and system security -
Profiles including TCP/IP

IEC/TS 62351-4:2007 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and
communications security - Part 4: Profiles including MMS

IEC/TS 62351-6:2007 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and
communications security - Part 6: Security for IEC 61850

Other Defacto standards, TRs, FDIS, CDs

Standard Description

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Standard Description
ZigBee Smart Energy Profile HAN protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY.

PCI - DSS Code of practice for payment card Industry for the holding of Credit and Debit
Card details and persona data.

Other IEC standards and activity

Standard Description
IEC 61400 - 21 Power quality for grid connected wind turbines.

IEC 61400 - 27 Generic electrical simulation models for wind power.

WG AHG 4 Intelligrid methodology for developing requirements for energy system

TC 08 - MT1 Maintenance of EN/IEC 60038, IEC 60059, IEC 60196

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