Name: Trần Thị Thanh Vân

Student ID: 2057010954

Passage 1: THE CHICKEN EGG

One of the main parts of the egg is yolk - the yellow, inner part of the egg where the
embryo will form. The yolk contains the food that will nourish the embryo as it grows. Yolk
is a major source of vitamins, minerals, almost half of the protein, and all of the fat and
cholesterol. The yolk contains less water and more protein than the white part of the egg,
some fat, and most of the vitamins and minerals of the egg. The yolk is also a source of
lecithin, an effective emulsifier. Yolk color ranges from just a hint of yellow to a
magnificent deep orange, according to the feed and breed of the hen. Yolk is anchored by
chalaza - a spiral, rope-like strand that anchors the yolk in the thick egg white. There are
two chalazae anchoring each yolk; one on the top and one on the bottom.

Another very important part of the egg is the albumin, which is the inner thick white part
of the egg. This part of the egg is a excellent source of riboflavin and protein. In high-
quality eggs, the inner thick albumen stands higher and spreads less than thin white. In low-
quality eggs, it appears thin white.

Now let's talk about the outer part of the egg - the shell It is a hard, protective coating of
the egg. It is semi-permeable; it lets gas exchange occur, but keeps other substances from
entering the egg. The shell is made of calcium carbonate and is covered with as many as
17,000 tiny pores.

Air cell is an air space that forms when the contents of the egg cool and contract after the
egg is laid. The air cell usually rests between the outer and inner membranes at the eggs
larger end. As the egg ages, moisture and carbon dioxide leave through the pores of the
shell, air enters to replace them and the air cell becomes larger.

And last but not least, let's look at the germinal disc. It's a small, circular, white spot (2-
3mm across) on the surface of the yolk; it is where the sperm enters the egg. The nucleus of
the egg is in the blastodisc. The embryo develops from this disk, and gradually sends blood
vessels into the yolk to use it for nutrition as the embryo develops.
Complete the diagram below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Do not
write articles.

Answer:
1. .....the shell...............
2. .....germinal disc.............
3. .......chalaza...........
4. .........albumin .......
5. ............yolk...
6. .............air cell.......
Passage 2: THE GARBAGE PROBLEM
Garbage is a big problem all over the world. People buy and use a lot of things nowadays.
After a while, they throw them away in the garbage bin. All the garbage is later thrown
away or dumped outside the city. These places are called landfill sites. In many cities,
landfill sites are now full.
About one-third of all the garbage is made of paper. Another third of the garbage is a mix
of glass, metal, plastic, and wood. The final third comes from food scraps. These are
remains of food that are not eating any more. Food scraps are not a big garbage problem for
the environment. Our natural world can get rid of food scraps. Insects and bacteria eat the
food scraps and make them go away.
But this does not happen with other materials. Plastic is very toxic to the environment. It
poisons the earth and the water. We use plastic for many things, such as combs or pens.
Also, when we buy something from the supermarket, we get a plastic bag. As soon as we
get home, we throw the bag away. Plastic is also used to make Styrofoam. All take-out
coffee cups and fast-food boxes are made of Styrofoam. When we buy coffee and drink it on
the street, we throw that cup away too.
Other garbage we throw away is metal. The cans for soft drinks or beer are made of
aluminum. Aluminum is toxic too. The paper and wood we throw away are not toxic. But
we have to cut down many trees every year to make paper and wood. Our environment
suffers when there are no forests around. The air is less fresh, and the earth dries up. With
no water in the earth, plants cannot grow.
Solutions to the garbage problem
We have to manage our waste and garbage better. If we throw away so many things, soon
we will have no place to dump them.
The best thing to do is to reduce the amount of garbage. If we use less, we throw away
less. For instance, we can buy food in big boxes and packages. Then we throw away only
one box i every month or so. Otherwise, we throw away many small boxes or cans every
day.
Similarly, we can reuse a lot of packaging. For example, we do not have to buy take-out
coffee in Styrofoam cups. We can bring our own cup from home and fill it with fresh coffee.
We also do not have to take the plastic bags from the supermarket. We can bring our own
cloth bag from home instead. When we pack lunch, it is better to use a lunch box than a
paper bag. Instead of paper plates, we can use real plates. We can clean up with a dishtowel,
not a paper towel. We can use a compost bin for food scraps. In this way, the food gets back
into the earth. It does not get mixed up with the regular garbage.
 Finally, all paper, glass and metal we do use, we can recycle. In many countries, there are
now recycling programs. In Germany, for example, people separate all glass bottles by
color. Then they put the bottles into special bins that are on the street. The city collects the
glass, cleans it, and reuses it. As well, in most countries, people recycle newspapers and
cardboard. It is easy and efficient.
Questions 1-6: Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
1. What is the topic word of the first passage?
A. Throw away
B. Garbage
C. Plastic
D. Environment
Answer: B
2. What is the main idea of the second passage?
A. People must deal with garbage better.
B. People should reuse things.
C. People should recycle more.
D. People should reduce their waste.
Answer: A
3. Why does the author say that garbage is a big problem?
A. Because people buy too many things.
B. Because people throw away everything they buy.
C. Because not all cities have landfill sites. 
D. Because landfill sites get fewer and fewer.
Answer: D
4. What do people throw away?
A. Paper and wood
B. Plastic, glass and metal
C. Food scraps
D. All of the above
Answer: D
5. Why does the author mention Germany at the end of the reading passage?
A. To suggest that recycling is the best solution to the garbage problem
B. To offer additional advice about how to handle waste
C. To criticize countries that do not have a recycling program
D. To demonstrate that recycling works
Answer:D
6. Why should people not throw away Styrofoam cups?
A. Because they are toxic to the environment.
B. Because they can reuse them again at home.
C. Because they can buy take-out coffee in them.
D. Because they can fill them again with fresh coffee.
Answer: A
Questions 7-8: Choose TWO letters, A-D.
What advice does the author give about reusing waste?
A.We should drink take-out coffee.
B. We should use our own bags, cups and plates.
C. We should throw away food in the compost bin.
D. We should clean glasses ourselves and recycle them.
Answer: B,C