ANALYZE COMPARATIVE SENTENCES

A con trastive analysis of Comparative Pharases in English and

Vietnamese
I. INTRODUCTION
English is a global language; therefore many people consider learning
English is important. To be good in English, there are some skills that
need to be mastered, and grammar is no exception. Grammar is a basic
skill to understand the rules of a language, especially the structure of
sentence. Every language has a grammar which different.
One of the important topics in grammar is comparison. Compare is the
most important English structure used to express similarities or
differences in degree or degree. Comparison is the process of comparing
people, things, or places through a level of quality, quantity, or
relationship. It is formed from adjectives and adverbs. Although easy, in
fact, many people still lack knowledge and have difficulty in mastering
grammar, especially comparative types.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. OVERVIEW
Comparative is a special type of adjective used when comparing two or
more things. The hardest part about using comparatives is making sure
that we are writing them in the correct way, but with a little practice,
comparatives can be mastered quickly.
In this post, we will look at what a comparative sentence is, the rules on
how to create these adjectives in the correct way, and how to use them
effectively in a sentence.
III. STRUCTURE
1, Comparison in English
Structure: S + V + as + (adj/ adv) + as
– This formula is used to compare two people, two things, two groups,
two things.. with the same properties. In some cases such as negative
sentences you can use the word "so" instead of the word "as", but this
way is rarely used.
I study English well as well as science subjects
This dress was as expensive as a month's salary
Her car is as fast as a racing car
In addition, with the equal comparison, many people often use the
structure "the same as". However, you need to be careful not to use "the
same like". The opposite of the same..as is different from.
I am the same age as Lan – I am the same age as Lan
French is as difficult as English = French is the same difficulty as
English – French is as difficult as English
– less … than = not as/so…as. As for how many times to say, you can
use the sentence structure: twice as … as, three times as … as,…
Today is not as hot as yesterday
This dress is less expensive as the old one I bought
A, Compare more
Comparative is used to compare people, things with other things.
– Comparative formulas with short adjectives and adverbs: S + V +
(Adj/Adv) + “-er” + than
For example:
Kin's score is higher than his sister's
Today is hotter than yesterday
Lindy is taller than his sister
B, – Comparative formula with long adjectives and adverbs: S + V +
more + Adj/Adv + than
For example:
He plays better than me
Lin Speaks English more fluently than I do
This hat is more expensive than the others in the store
To emphasize the sentence you can add “much” or “far” before the
comparative phrase.
C, Superlative
– Superlative formula with adjectives and short adverbs: S + V + the +
Adj/Adv + -est
– Superlative formula with long adjectives and adverbs: S + V + the +
most + Adj/Adv
For example:
She is the tallest in the house
Lin is the most beautiful in class
To modify the superlative you can add "by far" after the comparative.
You can also add "very" in front of the comparison phrase to emphasize
the meaning.
D, Compare multiples
It is a kind of comparison of one and a half times, two times, three times.
Remember that in this structure, it is not used to compare less than, but
to compare equals.

mu
ch
as +
no S+v+multi
N/pro
un  ple+as
noun
ma
ny

For example:
This house costs twice as much as the other one
Our company have three times as much information of project as their.
I has half as much money now as I had last year.
E, Double comparison (the more….the better)
These sentences begin with a comparative structure, and so the second
clause must also begin with a comparative structure.
The + comparative + subject + verb + the comparative + subject + verb
For example:
The harder you study, the better your result will be
The sooner you wake up, the earlier you go to school
The earlier you leave, the earlier you'll be back
The more + subject +verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
The more he eats , the fatter he is.
The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you.
The bigger they are, the faster they fall.
F, To emphasize comparison, much/far can be added before the
comparison, the formula:

S + V + far/much + Adj/Adv_er + than + noun/pronoun

S + V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + noun/pronoun

Ví dụ:

Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine

He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.

V, Comparison structure in Vietnamese

A, So sánh bằng (Compare with)

– Cấu trúc:
Chủ ngữ 1 + (động từ) + tính từ + bằng / như / y như / giống như /
chẳng khác gì + chủ ngữ 2
Danh từ 1 + như / y như / giống như / trông như / chẳng khác gì + danh
từ 2

Subject 1 + (verb) + adjective + equal to / as / like not unlike +

subject 2
Noun 1 + look like / like + noun 2
– Ví dụ:

Cô ấy hát hay như ca sĩ vậy. (She sings like a singer)

Việc này dễ như trở bàn tay. (This is as easy as turning a hand)
Xe này chạy nhanh bằng xe kia. (This car is faster than the other car)

Miếng vải này dài bằng miếng vải kia. (This piece of cloth is as long as
the other cloth)
Cậu ấy chạy chậm y như rùa. (He runs as slow as a turtle)

Trẻ em như búp trên cành. (Children like young leaf on branches)

Bóng của chiếc xe chẳng khác gì bóng con voi. (The shadow of the car
is like the shadow of an elephant)
Cô ấy trông như một nàng công chúa vậy. (She looks like a princess)
B, So sánh hơn kém (Compare more or less)
– Cấu trúc:
Chủ ngữ 1 + (động từ) + tính từ + hơn + chủ ngữ 2
Chủ ngữ 1 + (động từ) + tính từ + gấp ~ lần + chủ ngữ 2
Chủ ngữ 1 + không + (động từ) + tính từ + bằng / như + chủ ngữ 2
Hoặc: Chủ ngữ 1 + (động từ) + không + tính từ + bằng / như + chủ
ngữ 2

Subject 1 + (verb) + adjective + more + subject 2

Subject 1 + (verb) + adjective + fold ~ times + subject 2

Subject 1 + not + (verb) + adjective + equal to / like + subject 2

Or: Subject 1 + (verb) + not + adjective + equal to / like + subject 2
– Ví dụ:

Minh cao hơn An. (Minh is taller than An)

Tớ học giỏi hơn cậu ấy nhiều. (I study much better than him)

Quyển vở đắt gấp 2 lần cây bút. (The notebook costs twice as much as
the pen)
Xe máy chạy nhanh gấp mấy lần xe đạp. (Motorcycles go faster than
bicycles.)

Cái áo này không rẻ bằng cái áo kia. (This shirt is not as cheap as that
one)

Cô ấy không đẹp bằng cậu. (She's not as pretty as you)

Cậu ấy chạy không nhanh bằng tớ / Cậu ấy không chạy nhanh bằng tớ.
(He doesn't run as fast as me / He doesn't run as fast as me)

Tớ vụng về lắm chứ không khéo tay như cậu đâu. (I'm clumsy, but not
as smart as you)
Canh hôm nay không ngon như hôm qua. (Today's soup is not as good
as yesterday)
C, So sánh sự vật này với sự vật khác. (Compare one thing with
another.)
This is the most common comparison, which compares one thing with
another based on similarities.
Ví dụ:
– Cây gạo to lớn như một tháp đèn khổng lồ. (– The rice tree is as big as
a giant light tower.)
– Màn đêm tối đen như mực. ( The night is pitch black. )
D, So sánh sự vật với con người hoặc ngược lại. (Compare things with
people or vice versa.)
This is a comparison based on similarities in a feature of things with a
human quality. The effect to highlight human qualities
Ví dụ:
– Trẻ em như búp trên cành. (Children like young leaf on branches.)
– Dù ai nói ngả nói nghiêng, lòng ta vẫn vững như kiềng ba chân. (No
matter what anyone says, my heart is still as steady as a tripod.)
E, So sánh âm thanh với âm thanh (Compare sound with sound)
This is a type of comparison based on the similarity of the characteristics
of one sound with the characteristics of another sound, which has the
effect of highlighting the thing being compared.
Ví dụ:
– Tiếng chim hót líu lo như tiếng sáo du dương. (The sound of birds
chirping like a melodious flute.)
– Sông ngòi vùng Cà Mau chằng chịt hệt như mạng nhện. (The rivers of
Ca Mau are crisscrossed like spider webs.)
F, So sánh hoạt động với các hoạt động khác. (Compare activity with
other activities)
This is also a way of comparison often used for the purpose of
exaggerating things, phenomena, or used in folk songs and proverbs.
Ví dụ: “Cày đồng đang buổi ban trưa
Mồ hôi thánh thót như mưa ruộng cày”
(“Plowing the field is at noon
The sweat is as pure as the rain of the plowed fields.”)

VI. LITTER RED RIDING HOOD (Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin)

“All the better to hear you with.”
 compare more
1. “All the better to see you with.”
 compare more
2. “All the better to grab you with!”
 compare more
3. “All the better to eat you with!”
 compare more
The read room (H. G. Wells ) The door creaked on its hinges as a
second old man entered, more bent, more wrinkled, more aged even than
the first.
 compare more
1. And the passage I was in, long and shadowy, with a film of moisture
glistening on the wall, was as gaunt and cold as a thing that is dead
and rigid.
 Compare with As…as
2. I walked out into the moonlight, and presently returned with as many
as ten.
 Compare with As..as
The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen
When it was the third sister’s turn, she told about moving as close
as she could to the gate of a town.
 Compare with As..as
1. Now and then as the waves lifted up the Little Mermaid, she could
see better. 
 Compare more
2. Then she swam up to the surface as fast as she could. 
 Compare with As..as
3. Yet the prince was as still as he had been all night.
 Compare with As..as
4. “you know as well as I do that it is not possible for a mermaid to
walk on two legs! 
 Compare with As..as
5. But of course it is much too dangerous to go to her.”
 Compare with much
Thơ Việt Nam
Bài thơ Việt Bắc – Tố Hữu
Nhớ gì như nhớ người yêu 
-> The author immediately compared his feelings of longing to the
highest level as nostalgia for his lover.
 2. Đêm đêm rầm rập như là đất rung
-> The comparison shows the heroic aura that shakes the earth and
moves the sky.
3. Ðèn pha bật sáng như ngày mai lên.
-> The poetic image symbolizes the bright future of the country.
Lượm – Tố Hữu
 Mồm huýt sáo vang,
Như con chim chích,
-> Comparing the image of the boy Luoc with the image of a warbler,
the poet evoked his small, vivacious and mischievous figure.

VII. CONCLUSION
Compare is used to express the similarity or difference in degree or
degree. Comparison is the process of comparing people, things, or places
through a level of quality, quantity, or relationship. Comparative is the
method by which an adjective or adverb expresses greeting or a lesser
degree of the same quality. there are many ways to compare, compare
better, compare the best, ... depending on each case, use the type of
comparison
VIII. REFERENCES
1. https://www.academia.edu/32502289/DEGREES_OF_COMPARI
SON_IN_ENGLISH_LANGUAGE_docx
2. https://topicanative.edu.vn/cau-so-sanh-trong-tieng-anh/
3. https://dafulbrightteachers.org/so-sanh-la-gi-cho-vi-du/
4. https://truyencotich.vn/truyen-co-tich/co-tich-the-gioi/truyen-co-
tich-song-ngu-ong-lao-danh-ca-va-con-ca-vang.html
5. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/157356/The
%20Red%20Room%20-%20H.G.%20Wells.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y
6. https://storiestogrowby.org/story/the-little-mermaid-story-english-
story-for-kids/
7. https://www.thivien.net/T%E1%BB%91-H%E1%BB%AFu/Vi
%E1%BB%87t-B%E1%BA%AFc/poem-v9h1P_8l-
sRaiDRUqg2JRQ
8. https://www.thivien.net/T%E1%BB%91-H%E1%BB%AFu/L
%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3m/poem-V2PfiYxdyB2eEu42wOrwSw
9. https://www.albert.io/blog/comparatives-and-superlatives/