Manual Raytek MI3
Manual Raytek MI3
Operating Instructions
Rev. G1 Nov/2016
55201
Contacts
Fluke Process Instruments
Worldwide Service
Fluke Process Instruments offers services,
including repair and calibration. For more
information, contact your local office or e-mail
[email protected]
www.raytek.com
In the event of failure of a product covered by this warranty, the manufacturer will repair the instrument when it
is returned by the purchaser, freight prepaid, to an authorized Service Facility within the applicable warranty
period, provided manufacturer’s examination discloses to its satisfaction that the product was defective. The
manufacturer may, at its option, replace the product in lieu of repair. With regard to any covered product returned
within the applicable warranty period, repairs or replacement will be made without charge and with return freight
paid by the manufacturer, unless the failure was caused by misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions of
operation or storage, in which case repairs will be billed at a reasonable cost. In such a case, an estimate will be
submitted before work is started, if requested.
SOFTWARE WARRANTY
The manufacturer does not warrant that the software described herein will function properly in every hardware
and software environment. This software may not work in combination with modified or emulated versions of
Windows operating environments, memory-resident software, or on computers with inadequate memory. The
manufacturer warrants that the program disk is free from defects in material and workmanship, assuming normal
use, for a period of one year. Except for this warranty, the manufacturer makes no warranty or representation,
either expressed or implied, with respect to this software or documentation, including its quality, performance,
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. As a result, this software and documentation are licensed “as
is,” and the licensee (i.e., the user) assumes the entire risk as to its quality and performance. The liability of the
manufacturer under this warranty shall be limited to the amount paid by the User. In no event shall the
manufacturer be liable for any costs including but not limited to those incurred as a result of lost profits or revenue,
loss of use of the computer software, loss of data, the cost of substitute software, claims by third parties, or for other
similar costs. The manufacturer’s software and documentation are copyrighted with all rights reserved. It is illegal
to make copies for another person.
1 Safety Instructions
This document contains important information, which should be kept at all times with the instrument during its
operational life. Other users of this instrument should be given these instructions with the instrument. Eventual
updates to this information must be added to the original document. The instrument should only be operated by
trained personnel in accordance with these instructions and local safety regulations.
Acceptable Operation
This instrument is intended only for the measurement of temperature. The instrument is appropriate for continuous
use. The instrument operates reliably in demanding conditions, such as in high environmental temperatures, as
long as the documented technical specifications for all instrument components are adhered to. Compliance with
the operating instructions is necessary to ensure the expected results.
Unacceptable Operation
The instrument should not be used for medical diagnosis.
Instrument Disposal
Operating Instructions
The following symbols are used to highlight essential safety information in the operation instructions:
The instrument can be equipped with a Class 2 laser. Class 2 lasers shine only within the visible
spectrum at an intensity of 1 mW. Looking directly into the laser beam can produce a slight, temporary
blinding effect, but does not result in physical injury or damage to the eyes, even when the beam is
magnified by optical aids. At any rate, closing the eye lids is encouraged when eye contact is made
with the laser beam. Pay attention to possible reflections of the laser beam. The laser functions only to
locate and mark surface measurement targets. Do not aim the laser at people or animals.
2 Description
The MI3 sensor series is the next generation of the well-established “MI class” sensor platform. It will
be capable of covering a broad range of applications. The MI3 sensor series introduces various network
communications, an externally accessible user interface, improved temperature measurement
specifications and capabilities at an economic price.
The MI3 series comes with the following highlights:
Rugged sensing heads survive ambient temperatures to 120°C (248°F) including optimized
performance due to ambient temperature calibration across full ambient temperature range
Special high ambient temperature heads available withstanding up to 180°C (356°F) without any
cooling (LTH models)
Multi head system architecture to allow multiple sensing heads to be multiplexed from a single
communication box
Stand-alone OEM sensing head operation
Intrinsically safe sensing head with Ex Power Supply for installation in hazardous areas (ATEX)
Precision high resolution optics up to 100:1
Up to 10 ms response time
Alarm status indicator
Standard USB 2.0 digital interface
Analog outputs with galvanic isolation
Alarm relay output
Serial RS485 communication interface with the protocols: ASCII, Profibus, Modbus ®1
Ethernet communication interface with the protocols: ASCII, http, Profinet IO
Automatic sensing head identification
Includes DataTemp® Multidrop software for sensor configuration and monitoring
Field calibration software
3 Technical Data
3.1 Measurement Specification
3.1.1 Sensing Heads
Temperature Range
02LTS, 10LTS, 10LTH -40 to 600°C (-40 to 1112°F)
20LTS, LTF, 20LTH 0 to 1000°C (32 to 1832°F)
G5 250 to 1650°C (482 to 3002°F)
2M 250 to 1400°C (482 to 2552°F)
1M 500 to 1800°C (932 to 3272°F)
Spectral Response
LTS, LTH, LTF 8 to 14 µm
G5 5 µm
2M 1.6 µm
1M 1 µm
Optical Resolution D:S1
LTS 2:1, 10:1, 22:1 typ. (21:1 guaranteed)
LTF 10:1
LTH 10:1, 22:1 typ. (21:1 guaranteed)
G5 10:1
1M, 2M 100:1
SF1 optics: 2 mm spot @ 200 mm distance (0.08 in @ 7.9 in)
SF3 optics: 22 mm spot @ 2200 mm distance (0.87 in @ (8.7 in)
Response Time2
LTS, LTH 130 ms
LTF 20 ms
G5 130 ms
1M, 2M 10 ms3
Accuracy4
LTS, LTH, LTF, G5 ± (1% of reading or 1°C), whichever is greater
± 2°C (± 4°F) for target temp. < 20°C (68°F)
1M, 2M ± (0.5% of reading + 2°C)
Repeatability
LTS, LTH, LTF, G5 ± 0.5% of reading or ± 0.5°C, whichever is greater
1M, 2M ± 0.25% of reading + 1°C
Temperature Coefficient5
LTS, LTH, LTF, G5 ± 0.05 K / K or ± 0.05% of reading / K, whichever is greater
1M, 2M 0.01% of reading / K
4 at ambient temperature 23°C ±5°C (73°F ±9°F), ε = 1.0, and calibration geometry
Teflon develops poisonous gasses when it comes into contact with flames!
3.5 Dimensions
3.5.1 Sensing Head LT, G5
4 Basics
4.1 Measurement of Infrared Temperature
All surfaces emit infrared radiation. The intensity of this infrared radiation changes according to the
temperature of the object. Depending on the material and surface properties, the emitted radiation lies
in a wavelength spectrum of approximately 1 to 20 µm. The intensity of the infrared radiation (heat
radiation) is dependent on the material. For many substances, this material-dependent constant is
known. This constant is referred to as the ”emissivity value”.
Infrared thermometers are optical-electronic sensors. These sensors are sensitive to the emitted
radiation. Infrared thermometers are made up of a lens, a spectral filter, a sensor, and an electronic
signal processing unit. The task of the spectral filter is to select the wavelength spectrum of interest. The
sensor converts the infrared radiation into an electrical signal. The signal processing electronics analyze
the electrical signal and convert it into a temperature measurement. As the intensity of the emitted
infrared radiation is dependent on the material, the required emissivity can be selected on the sensor.
The biggest advantage of the infrared thermometer is its ability to measure temperature without
touching an object. Consequently, surface temperatures of moving or hard to reach objects can easily be
measured.
Shield Shield
Figure 9: Only one point is earth grounded either via sensing head, via Comm Box, or via Power
5 Installation
5.1 Positioning
Sensor location depends on the application. Before deciding on a location, you need to be aware of the
ambient temperature of the location, the atmospheric quality of the location, and the possible
electromagnetic interference in that location. If you plan to use air purging, you need to have an air
connection available. Wiring and conduit runs must be considered, including computer wiring and
connections, if used.
Sensor
Back-
ground
Fieldbus
To increase the number of supported sensing heads, you can use a dedicated accessory, see section
10.1.1 Multi-Channel Box, page 62.
Power supply
max. 30 m (98 ft) max. 30 m (98 ft)
Total length:
1 alarm output,
1 trigger
input
Max. 8 Sensing Heads
(RAYMI3…)
Total length:
Fieldbus
or
4x analog
Figure 12: Multiple Head Configuration with DIN Rail Comm Box
The total sensing head cable length for all networked sensing heads must not exceed
30 m (98 ft) for MI3 and 2x30 m (2x98 ft) for MI3M!
Do not add a third party cable to extend the length of the sensing head cable!
The cable must include shielded wires. It should not be used as a strain relief!
Sensing Head
Emissivity Control
Ambient Compensation
Trigger/Hold
Tobj Thead Tobj/Thead
Power Supply
Sensing
Heads
yellow
yellow
brown
brown
shield
shield
green
green
white
white
FTC3
GND
RELAY
RELAY
Figure 15: Terminal Wiring for the Comm Box DIN 3TE
Sensing Heads
yellow
yellow
brown
brown
shield
shield
green
green
white
white
B (RS485)
A (RS485)
Sensing
Heads
yellow
brown
brown
shield
shield
green
green
white
white
Sensing
Heads
yellow
yellow
brown
brown
shield
shield
green
green
white
white
RJ45 connector
Profinet or Ethernet
shield
GND
8 - 32 V
RELAY
RELAY
FTC3
GND
Sensing
Heads
see section
6.3 Analog Outputs OUT1 - OUT4,
page 39.
yellow
yellow
Analog Outputs
brown
brown
shield
shield
green
green
white
white
Figure 19: Terminal Wiring for the Comm Box DIN 6 TE, analog
To maintain EMI compliance to CE standards the attached Ferrite cores need to be placed
on all wires! Make sure that the cable shields will be connected to the terminal pin
<Shield>!
The head address may be changed later by the user under the dedicated head page. See
section 8.2 <Head> Page, page 48.
5.6 USB
The USB interface comes with each box (USB connector, Mini-B). Connect a single unit to a USB
computer port by using an appropriate USB cable.
USB connector,
type Mini-B
Figure 22: USB Connection via the Comm Box (DIN Rail)
It is strongly recommended to check the correct driver installation under the Windows
Operating System <Start> <Settings> <Control Panel> <System> <Hardware> <Device
Manager> <Ports (COM & LPT)>. Go there also to get the virtual COM port number for
communicating with the DTMD Software.
5.7 Fieldbus
5.7.1 Addressing
Each slave in the network must have a unique address and must run at the same baud rate!
For setting the fieldbus configurations through the control panel, see section 8.3 <Box Setup> Page,
page 49.
It is strongly recommended to use shielded and pair twisted cables (e.g. CAT.5)!
Termination <on>
Master Slave 1 Slave 2 Last
Slave
6 Outputs
For the outputs the following groupings (setups) are possible:
This output can be configured for the object or the head ambient temperature. E.g. the output range for
the head ambient temperature is 0 to 5 VDC corresponding to 0 to 500°C (32 to 932°F). The minimum
load impedance for the voltage output must be 10 kΩ.
The output is short circuit resistant.
The outputs <OUT1> and <TC> are not available at the same time!
The signal output can be configured as either current or voltage output. The minimum load impedance
for the voltage output must be 10 kΩ. The maximum current loop impedance for the mA output is
500 Ω.
The output is short circuit resistant.
Each signal output can be configured as either current or voltage output, whereby each sensing head
can be assigned to each output. The minimum load impedance for the voltage output must be 10 kΩ.
The maximum current loop impedance for the mA output is 500 Ω. All outputs are short circuit
resistant.
Each output is galvanically isolated from the other and from the power supply!
Powering the communication box (DIN, 6TE), analog, only via USB will disable all
analog outputs! The configuration of the box under the control panel is furthermore
possible. Under the DataTemp Multidrop you can only drive and configure the analog
outputs by using an additional external power supply!
The alarm output is controlled by the target object temperature or the head ambient temperature. In
case of an alarm, the output switches the potential free contacts from a solid state relay. The maximum
load for this output is 48 V / 300 mA.
If a spike voltage exceeding the absolute maximum rated value is generated between the output
terminals, insert a clamping diode in parallel to the inductive load as shown in the following circuit
diagram to limit the spike voltage.
RELAY
≤ 48 V
RELAY
This output can be configured as thermocouple output type J, K, R, or S. For that output, you must
install a dedicated compensation cable. The output impedance is 20 Ω. The output is short circuit
resistant.
The outputs <OUT1> and <TC> are not available at the same time!
7 Inputs
Three external inputs FTC1, FTC2, and FTC3 are used for the external control of the unit.
You cannot enable the input functions through the control panel!
The FTC1 input can be configured to accept an analog voltage signal (0 to 5 VDC) to provide real time
emissivity setting. Each input can support one head. The following table shows the relationship between
input voltage and emissivity:
Example:
This process requires setting the emissivity:
for product 1: 0.90
for product 2: 0.40
Following the example below, the operator needs only to switch to position “product 1” or “product 2”.
R1 = 200 Ω “product 1”
4.0 V (ε=0.9)
“product 2”
R3 = 300 Ω
The box electronics contains a table with 8 pre-installed settings for emissivity. To activate these
emissivity settings, you need to have the inputs FTC1, FTC2, and FTC3 connected. According to the
voltage level on the FTC inputs, one of the table entries will be activated.
0 = Low signal (0 V)
1 = High signal (from 5 V to VDC)
A non-wired input is considered as not defined!
The values in the table cannot be changed through the control panel.
Sensor 2
targeted
to ambient Furnace wall
0 – 5 VDC
analog output
at FTC2 input
Sensor 1
targeted
to object
7.4 Trigger/Hold
Function: Trigger/Hold
Signal: digital low/high
Terminal: FTC3, GND
The FTC3 input can be used as an external trigger functioning as “Trigger” or “Hold”. All sensing heads
are effected by the FTC3 input at the same time.
Trigger: A logical low signal at the input FTC3 will reset the peak or valley hold function. As long as
the input is kept at logical low level, the software will transfer the actual object temperatures toward
the output. At the next logical high level, the hold function will be restarted.
FTC3
Time
Figure 29: FTC for Resetting the Peak Hold Function
Hold: This mode acts as an externally generated hold function. A transition at the input FTC3 from
logical high level toward logical low level will transfer the current temperature toward the output. This
temperature will be written to the output until a new transition from high to low occurs at the input
FTC3.
Trigger
Time
Figure 30: FTC3 for Holding the Output Temperature
The FTC3 input can also be used as an external trigger to switch the laser (only available for selected
sensing head models). A transition at the input from logical high level toward logical low level will
switch the laser. All sensing heads are effected by the FTC3 input at the same time.
8 Operation
Once you have the sensor positioned and connected properly, the system is ready for continuous
operation.
The control panel is accessible on the outside of the box. Push buttons provide positive tactile feedback
to the user. User interface includes a backlit LCD, displaying sensor set up parameters and temperature
outputs. Alternatively, the operation of the sensor can be done by means of the software that came with
your sensor.
Up Button
Page Button
LCD Display
Alarm Indicator
Down Button
Enter Button
Object Temperature
Parameters
Pushing the keys of the control panel will cause the following actions:
Hi Limit Interface
Display Backlight
* not available for all models
4 output channels for Comm Box DIN 6 TE, analog
output temperature
Temp
object temperature
temperature jump
90% of temperature
jump
average time
Time
Figure 35: Averaging
A low level input (GND) at external input FTC3 will promptly interrupt the averaging and will start the
calculation again.
output temperature
Temp object temperature
hold time
hold time
Time
Figure 36: Peak Hold
A defined hold time of 999 s (symbol “∞” in the display) will put the device into continuous peak
detection mode.
A low level input (GND) at external input FTC3 will promptly interrupt the hold time and will start the
maximum detection again.
hold time
hold time
Time
Figure 37: Valley Hold
A defined hold time of 999 s (symbol “∞” in the display) will put the device into continuous valley
detection mode.
A low level input (GND) at external input FTC3 will promptly interrupt the hold time and will start the
minimum detection again.
output temperature
Temp object temperature
hysteresis
threshold
Time
Figure 38: Advanced Peak Hold
The advanced peak hold function is only adjustable by means of the DataTemp Multidrop Software.
Time
Figure 39: Advanced Peak Hold with Averaging
The advanced peak hold function with averaging is only adjustable by means of the DataTemp
Multidrop Software.
9 Options
Options are items that are factory installed and must be specified at time of order. The following are
available:
Longer head cables in the lengths:
3 m / 9.8 ft. (…CB3)
8 m / 26 ft. (…CB8)
15 m / 49 ft. (…CB15)
30 m / 98 ft. (…CB30)
Network communication interfaces:
RS485, Profibus DP, Modbus RTU, Profinet IO, Ethernet
All available models are listed under section 2.1 Overview Comm Boxes, page 12.
To avoid condensation, the temperature of the cooling media and the flow rate must be selected to
ensure a minimum device temperature. The minimum sensor temperature depends on the ambient
temperature and the relative humidity. Please consider the following table.
20/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 10/ 10/ 10/ 10/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 20/
68 32 32 32 32 32 32 41 41 41 50 50 50 50 59 59 59 59 59 68
25/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 5/ 5/ 10/ 10/ 10/ 10/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 25/
77 32 32 32 32 41 41 50 50 50 50 59 59 59 68 68 68 68 68 77
30/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 5/ 5/ 10/ 10/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 30/
86 32 32 32 41 41 50 50 59 59 59 68 68 68 68 77 77 77 77 86
35/ 0/ 0/ 5/ 10/ 10/ 15/ 15/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 30/ 30/ 30/ 30/ 35/
95 32 32 41 50 50 59 59 68 68 68 77 77 77 77 86 86 86 86 95
40/ 0/ 5/ 10/ 10/ 15/ 20/ 20/ 20/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 30/ 30/ 30/ 35/ 35/ 35/ 35/ 40/
104 32 41 50 50 59 68 68 68 77 77 77 86 86 86 95 95 95 95 104
45/ 0/ 10/ 15/ 15/ 20/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 30/ 30/ 35/ 35/ 35/ 35/ 40/ 40/ 40/ 40/ 45/
113 32 50 59 59 68 77 77 77 86 86 95 95 95 95 104 104 104 104 113
50/ 5/ 10/ 15/ 20/ 25/ 25/ 30/ 30/ 35/ 35/ 35/ 40/ 40/ 40/ 45/ 45/ 45/ 45/ 50/
122 41 50 59 68 77 77 86 86 95 95 95 104 104 104 113 113 113 113 122
60/ 15/ 20/ 25/ 30/ 30/ 35/ 40/ 40/ 40/ 45/ 45/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 60/
140 59 68 77 86 86 95 104 104 104 113 113 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 140
70/ 20/ 25/ 35/ 35/ 40/ 45/ 45/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 60/ 60/ 60/ 60/ 60/ 60/
158 68 77 95 95 104 113 113 122 122 122 122 122 140 140 140 140 140 140
80/ 25/ 35/ 40/ 45/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 60/ 60/ 60/ 60/ 60/
176 77 95 104 113 122 122 122 140 140 140 140 140
90/ 35/ 40/ 50/ 50/ 50/ 60/ 60/ 60/
194 95 104 122 122 122 140 140 140
100/ 40/ 50/ 50/ 60/ 60/
212 104 122 122 140 140
The ambient temperature range for these sensing heads is specified as follows:
LT, G5 -10 to 120°C (14 to 248°F)
1M, 2M 0 to 120°C (32 to 248°F)
The intrinsically safe sensing heads 1M/2M are available with water cooled housing. The water cooled
housing can provide a cooler, more stable operating environment for the sensing head but does not
allow for approved intrinsically safe operation when external ambient conditions are exceeding the
ambient temperature ranges.
The sensing heads xxxMI3xxLTHISx follow the ATEX / IECEx certification in accordance to:
Certificate: BVS 12 ATEX E 140 IECEx BVS 15.0051
II 2G Ex ib IIC T4/T3 Gb Ex ib IIC T4/T3 Gb
II 2D Ex ib IIIC T135°C/185°C Db Ex ib IIIC T135°C/185°C Db
The ambient temperature range for these sensing heads is specified as follows:
LTH sensing head -10 to 180°C (14 to 356°F)
Detached electronic unit -10 to 120°C (14 to 248°F)
For further information to relevant standards and the examination certificate, see section 19.3 ATEX
Certificate of Conformity for Sensing Heads, page 131 and section 19.5 IECEx Certificate of
Conformity for Sensing Heads, page 137.
For further information to relevant standards and the examination certificate, see section 19.4 ATEX
Certificate of Conformity for Ex Power Supply, page 134 and section 19.6 IECEx Certificate of
Conformity for Ex Power Supply, page 141.
9.2.2.2 Ex Power Supply for hazardous areas
The two variants of the Ex Power Supply 115MI3ACIS and 230MI3ACIS without voltage selection
switch are hard wired to the mains voltage. These devices are considered as non-sparking and may be
installed in a non-hazardous area or in a hazardous area Zone 2 EPL Gc to supply power to intrinsically
safe sensing heads. The Ex Power Supply is to be ordered separately corresponding the mains voltage
100 to 127 VAC, 50/60 Hz as 115MI3ACIS or corresponding the mains voltage 200 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
as 230MI3ACIS.
The Ex Power Supply 115MI3ACIS / 230MI3ACIS follow the IECEx certification in accordance to:
115MI3ACIS 230MI3ACIS
Un = AC 115 V Un = AC 230 V
Ex nA [ib Gb] IIB Gc T4 Ex nA [ib Gb] IIB Gc T4
[Ex ib Db] IIIC [Ex ib Db] IIIC
For further information to relevant standards and the examination certificate, see section 19.6 IECEx
Certificate of Conformity for Ex Power Supply, page 141.
9.2.3 Installation
The basic installation of sensing heads and the Ex Power Supply is shown in the following figure.
Mains is selected by switch. Before installation please check local mains voltage to avoid damage!
Figure 42: Basic Installation in the Explosion Critical Area
In areas with explosive environments, only intrinsically safe sensing heads must be used!
The total sensing head cable length for all networked sensing heads must not exceed
30 m (98 ft)!
The standard data cable length to the communication box is 5 m (16 ft). In response to the
interference in the environment the length of the cable may be up to 30 m (98 ft). Use
only shielded cable with low capacitance about 100 pF/m (33 pF/ft).
The following illustration shows the external wiring of the Ex Power Supply with the sensing heads,
the communication box and the mains supply.
To wire the mains supply, see the following section 9.2.4 Mains Supply, page 60.
Figure 44: EMC Compliant Connection for the Cables for Sensing Heads and Communication Box
Before installation select the correct local mains voltage via the switch on the circuit
board of the Ex Power Supply, see Figure 45.
A ground wire must be connected to the (PE - protective earth) terminal on the
circuit board of the Ex Power Supply.
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, make sure that the
processor box is grounded before use.
Follow all local electrical codes related to installation and grounding of electrical
equipment.
To prevent personal injury, make sure the mains disconnect switch is off before
opening the box lid.
The protective earth screw (marked with and found on the front side of the Ex
Power Supply) requires connection to the local ground by using a 6 mm² (AWG 10)
green/yellow wire.
Figure 45: Switch Positions for Selecting the Mains Voltage Range
Terminal X1
L N PE
100-240 VAC
100-240 VAC
Protective
neutral
Earth
live
Figure 46: Connecting the Power Cord to the Terminal in the Ex Power Supply
The Earth Ground wire should be slightly longer than the two other wires, so if the cable is accidentally
pulled, the line and neutral wires are disconnected first.
You need to connect the AC mains. Only cable with 3 wires in a size of 1.5 to 2.5 mm² (AWG 14 to 16)
should be used.
10 Accessories
A full range of accessories for various applications and industrial environments are available.
Accessories include items that may be ordered at any time and added on-site.
Head 2
5m
(16 ft)
Head 8
Technical Data
Ambient Temperature -20 to 100°C (-4 to 212°F)
Storage Temperature -20 to 100°C (-4 to 212°F)
Rating IP65 (NEMA-4) / IEC 60529
Relative Humidity 10% to 95% non-condensing
Vibration 11 to 200 Hz, 3 g above 25 Hz operating, 3 axes / IEC 60068-2-6
Shock 50 g, 11 ms, operating, 3 axes / IEC 60068-2-27
The Multi-Channel Box must not be used with Ex power supply IS unit for wiring heads!
to Comm Box
(MI3COMM or MI3MCOMM)
The total sensing head cable length for all networked sensing heads must not exceed 30
m/98 ft (for MI3) and 2x30 m/2x98 ft (for MI3M)!
Termination
Adjustable Bracket
Communication Box
Sensing Head
Fixed Bracket
For LTH sensing heads, the Air Purge Jacket is only available pre-mounted from the
factory (XXXMIACAJI)!
The air purge jacket is used to keep dust, moisture, airborne particles, and vapors away from the sensing
head. Clean, oil free air is recommended. The air purge jacket withstands ambient temperatures up to
180°C (356°F) and has limited use for cooling purposes. The recommended air flow rate is 30 to 60 l /
min (0.5 to 1 cfm). The max. pressure is 5 bar (73 PSI).
Fitting to M5
inner thread
Hose with inner
diameter of 3 mm
(0.12 in), outside
5 mm (0.2 in)
1. Remove the sensor ① and cable from the communication box by disconnecting the wires from
the terminal.
2. Open the Air Purge Jacket ③ ④ and screw the white plastic fitting ② onto the sensor up to the
end of the threads. Do not over-tighten!
3. Slip the cable ⑥ through the backside ④ of the jacket.
4. Close the Air Purge Jacket ③ ④, reconnect the wires to the communication box and apply the
mounting nut ⑤.
The Air Cooling System can not be combined with LTH heads!
The sensing head can operate in ambient temperatures up to 200°C (392°F) with the air-cooling system.
The air-cooling system comes with a T-adapter including 0.8 m / 31.5 in (optional: 2.8 m / 110 in) air
hose and insulation. The T-adapter allows the air-cooling hose to be installed without interrupting the
connections to the box.
The air-cooling jacket may be combined with the right angle mirror.
T-
Sensing Head Air Hose Cable
Adapter Box
T-Adapter
Hose to
sensing head
Cable to box
Air Flow:
Hose Length
Figure 60: Maximum Ambient Temperature is dependent on Air Flow and Hose Length
Note: “Hose Length“ is the length of the hose exposed to high ambient temperature (not the overall
length of the hose).
Hose:
inner Ø: 9 mm (0.35 in)
outer Ø: 12 mm (0.47 in)
For correct temperature readings, the transmission of the protective window must be set
via the control panel in the communication box. See section 8.2 <Head> Page, page 48!
Make sure the measuring head and the protection window are at the same temperature!
For correct temperature readings, the transmission of the close focus lens must be set via
the control panel in the communication box. See section 8.2 <Head> Page, page 48!
Make sure the measuring head and the close focus lens are at the same temperature!
Sensing Head
Mounting Nut
Fixed Mounting
Bracket
Isolation Kit
Fixed Mounting Bracket
Installing the Isolation Kit requires a mounting bracket in its latest version (inner
diameter of 20 mm (0.79 in) instead of 18.5 mm (0.73 in) for the previous version)!
When using the Right Angle Mirror, adjust the emissivity or transmissivity settings
downward by 5%. For example, for an object with an emissivity of 0.65, you adjust the value
down to 0.62. Or, you can keep the emissivity 0.65 and adjust the transmissivity from 1.0 to
0.95. This correction accounts for energy losses in the mirror.
For correct temperature readings, the transmission of the protective window must be set
via the control panel in the communication box. See section 8.2 <Head> Page, page 48!
Make sure the measuring head and the protection window are at the same temperature!
11 Maintenance
Our sales representatives are always at your disposal for questions regarding application assistance,
calibration, repair, and solutions to specific problems. Please contact your local sales representative, if
you need assistance. In many cases, problems can be solved over the telephone. If you need to return
equipment for servicing, calibration, or repair, please call our Service Department for authorization
prior to return. Phone numbers are listed at the beginning of this document.
Table 9: Troubleshooting
The Fail-Safe circuit should never be relied on exclusively to protect critical processes.
Other safety devices should also be used to supplement this function!
When an error or failure does occur, the display indicates the possible failure area, and the output
circuits automatically adjust to their preset levels. See the following tables:
Symptom 0 to 5 V 0 to 10 V 0 to 20 mA 4 to 20 mA
Temperature over range* 5V 10 V 21 to 24 mA 21 to 24 mA
Temperature under range* 0V 0V 0 mA 2 to 3 mA
Head ambient temperature out of range 5V 10 V 21 to 24 mA 21 to 24 mA
Communication error between head and box 5V 10 V 21 to 24 mA 21 to 24 mA
* related to zoomed temperature range
Apply one of the above to the lens. Wipe gently with a soft, clean cloth until you see colors on the
surface, then allow to air dry. Do not wipe the surface dry, this may scratch the surface.
If silicones (used in hand creams) get on the window, gently wipe the surface with Hexane. Allow to air
dry.
Do not use any ammonia or any cleaners containing ammonia to clean the lens. This
may result in permanent damage to the lens’ surface!
12.2 PC Requirements
PC with Windows 2000/XP/Vista/Win7, 64 MB RAM memory
about 10 Mb free memory on the hard disc for program files
USB port with recommended USB/RS485 adapter (available as accessory), see section
10.1.2 USB/RS485 Adapter, page 65.
13 RS485
The RS485 serial interface is used for long distances up to 1200 m (4000 ft) or for networked
communication boxes.
To connect the RS485 interface to a standard computer you should use a dedicated adapter, see section
10.1.2 USB/RS485 Adapter, page 65. The RS485 interface allows the communication either via the
standard Multidrop Software or directly via dedicated ASCII commands, see section 18 ASCII
Programming, page 115.
Specification:
Physical layer: RS485, 2 wire, half-duplex, electrically isolated
Baud rate: 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6, 115.2 kBit/s
Settings: 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, flow control: none (half duplex mode)
Connection: terminal
Address range: 1 to 32
0 for stand-alone unit or broadcast transmission
13.1 Wiring
13.1.1 Comm Box (metal)
Terminal RS485
A positive signal (or RxA, or D+)
B negative signal (or RxB, or D-)
S1 Switch for termination
Termination
Pin RS485
8 Shield
9 D- or B (or RxB): negative signal
10 D+ or A (or RxA): positive signal
14 Profibus
Profibus DP-V0 defines a cyclical data exchange between a master (e.g. a PLC) and a slave (MI3 sensor).
At start-up first an array of parameters (Profibus specific data) is sent from the master to the slave,
followed by an array with the configuration (sensor specific presetting’s taken from the GSD file) also
sent from the master to the slave.
After start-up the bus switches to the data exchange state. In this state in- and output data gets
exchanged cyclically between master and slave. The input data is sent from the slave to the master and
contains mainly the measured temperatures of the MI3 sensor, see section 14.2.2 Input Data, page 92.
The output data is sent from the master to the slave and contains a set of selected sensor parameters,
see section 14.2.3 Output Data, page 93. In case of an error in start-up phase or during data exchange
diagnostic data is sent to the master, see section 14.2.4 Diagnose Data, page 93.
Each Profibus device comes with a device description file (GSD file) which is read by the programming
software of the master to define the slave.
Specification:
Version: Profibus DP-V0
Physical layer: RS485, 2 wire, electrically isolated
Baud rate: 9.6 kBit/s to 12 MBit/s (automatic negotiated)
Connection terminal or Sub-D or M12
Address range: 1 to 125 (for the Profibus device)
ID 0D36
GSD Datei RAY_0D36.gsd
Head support up to 8 sensing heads (MI3 or MI3100)
14.1 Wiring
14.1.1 Comm Box (metal)
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
The termination for Profibus networks must be realized externally by the user!
Slaven Slaven
Slaven+1 Termination
Slaven-1 Slaven-1
Termination
Indicator
Pin Profibus
1 n.a.
2 Shield
3 (negative signal) A2 (not supported while termination “on”)
4 (positive signal) B2 (not supported while termination “on”)
5 (negative signal) A1
6 (positive signal) B1
7 Shield
8 n.a.
9 DE
LED, yellow ON: data-exchange
14.2 Programming
14.2.1 Parameter Data
Byte Address Description Format Range
without
offset
0 to 6 Fix
7 DP-V1 Status1
8 DP-V1 Status2
9 DP-V1 Status3
10 3 Temp. unit 67=°C, 70=°F 67 or 70
11 4 Reserved
12, 13 5 Bottom temp. of output 1 in 0.1°C /°F
14, 15 7 Top temp. of output 1 in 0.1°C /°F
16, 17 9 Bottom temp. of output 2 in 0.1°C /°F
18, 19 11 Top temp. of output 2 in 0.1°C /°F
20 13 Source (head) for output-1 head number 1…8
21 14 Type of source for output-1 73 = I (internal temp.) 73 or 84
84 = T (object temp.)
22 15 Analog output mode 1 5 = TCJ 5…10, 99
6 = TCK default: 9
7 = TCR
8 = TCS
9 = 0…5V
10 = 0…10V
99 = tristate (disabled)
23 16 Source (head) for output-2 head number 1…8
24 17 Type of source for output-2 73 = I (internal temp.), 73 or 84
84 = T (object temp.)
25 18 Analog output mode 2 0 = 0…20mA 0, 4, 9, 10, 99
4 = 4…20mA default: 4
9 = 0…5V
10 = 0…10V
99 = tristate (disabled)
26…39 reserved
40…43 reserved
44, 45 37 Emissivity Head_1 * 1000 (0.9 900) 100 … 1100
46, 47 39 Transmissivity Head_1 * 1000 (1.0 1000) 100 … 1000
48, 49 41 Averaging time Head_1 * 0.1s (1s 10) 0 …9990
50, 51 43 Peak hold time Head_1 * 0.1s (1s 10) 0 …9990
52, 53 45 Valley hold time Head_1 * 0.1s (1s 10) 0 …9990
54, 55 47 Ambient temp. Head_1 in °C /°F dev. range min..
max
56, 57 49 Setpoint relay Head_1 in °C /°F dev. range min..
max
58 51 Relay alarm output control Head_1 0 = off 0, 1 or 2
1 = target temp.
2 = internal temp.
Address Description
0 Box data: Trigger state
1, 2 Box data: Internal temperature
3, 4 Head 1: Object temperature
5, 6 Head 1: Head temperature
7, 8 Head 2: Object temperature
9, 10 Head 2: Head temperature
11, 12 Head 3: Object temperature
13, 14 Head 3: Head temperature
15, 16 Head 4: Object temperature
17, 18 Head 4: Head temperature
19, 20 Head 5: Object temperature
21, 22 Head 5: Head temperature
23, 24 Head 6: Object temperature
25, 26 Head 6: Head temperature
27, 28 Head 7: Object temperature
29, 30 Head 7: Head temperature
31, 32 Head 8: Object temperature
33, 34 Head 8: Head temperature
The slave expects one <Box data> module configured at the first position, followed by <Head data>
modules. Any other configuration will cause a configuration error.
The input data length gets calculated from the count of configured modules. So, if only one head is
connected and configured then only seven bytes are transferred. If all heads (maximal eight) are
connected and configured then 35 bytes are transferred. If only one head is connected but eight heads
are configured then also 35 bytes are transferred.
Address Description
0 Type of parameter
1, 2 Parameter for Head 1
3, 4 Parameter for Head 2
5, 6 Parameter for Head 3
7, 8 Parameter for Head 4
9, 10 Parameter for Head 5
11, 12 Parameter for Head 6
13, 14 Parameter for Head 7
15, 16 Parameter for Head 8
The <Type of parameter> comes with the format described in section 14.2.1 Parameter Data, page 91,
and can be set to the following parameters:
If <Type of parameter> is set to 0 then the output data gets ignored. So it should be set to 0 as default.
Attention: You should be aware that always all heads are updated! So you have to set all eight (or as
much as heads are connected) parameters to the correct value!
Bit Description
0 Self-test error
1 Box ambient temperature out of range
2 Sensing head communication error
3 Parameter error
4 Register write error
Bit Description
0 Object temperature out of range
1 Ambient (internal) temperature out of range
2 Parameter error
3 Register write error
4 Self-test error
5 reserved
6 Head registered but not connected cable break?
Head 1 Head 8
error bits error bits
15 Modbus
The Modbus protocol follows the master/slave model. One master controls one or more slaves.
Typically, the master sends a request to a slave, which in turn sends a response. The request/response
mechanism is called a transaction. Requests and responses are also referred to as messages.
Specification:
Version: Modbus serial line (RS485)
Mode: RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)
Physical layer: RS485, 2 wire, electrically isolated
Baud rate: 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6, 115.2 kBit/s
Connection terminal
Address range: 1 to 247 (for the Modbus device)
Parity even
The detailed Modbus specification can be found under http://www.modbus.org/.
15.1 Wiring
15.1.1 Comm Box (metal)
The termination for Modbus networks must be realized externally by the user!
Termination
Indicators
Pin Modbus
1 GND (output)
2 Shield
3 (negative signal) D0_2 (not supported while termination “on”)
4 (positive signal) D1_2 (not supported while termination “on”)
5 (negative signal) D0_1
6 (positive signal) D1_1
7 Shield
8 GND (output)
9 n.a.
LED, yellow Communication
LED, red Error
15.2 Programming
16 Ethernet
Specification:
Ethernet: 10/100 MBit/s, Auto-Negotiation
DHCP or fixed IP address
Protocols: TCP/IP version 4, default port 6363
UDP, port 36363 (not changeable)
http web server (port 80) capability supporting up to 8 sensing heads
Connection: M12 or RJ45
electrically isolated
An opened Ethernet port will be closed automatically by the MI3 communication box if
there is no data traffic within the time given by the <TTI> command!
16.1 Wiring
16.1.1 Comm Box (metal)
The connector on the box side is an M12 plug-in connector, 4 pin D-coded, suited for industrial Ethernet
with IP67 protection rate with a screw retention feature. An M12/RJ45 connector adapter cable is
available at a length of 7.5 m / 25 ft withstanding up to 70°C/158°F for the ambient temperature
(XXXETHLTCB).
M12-Pin
1 TX+
2 RX+
3 TX-
4 RX-
RJ45-Pin
1 TX+
3 RX+
2 TX-
6 RX-
16.2 Addressing
16.2.1 MI3
The factory default IP address for the linescanner is 192.168.42.130.
The IP address for the MI3 is not free of choice: It has to be unique in the network meaning that no other
device in the network including the PC network adapter may run at the same IP address. The IP address
for the MI3 can be set directly via the control panel.
To establish the Ethernet communication, the subnet addresses for both the MI3 and
the PC need to match! Appropriate changes can be applied either on the MI3 side or on
the PC network adapter!
The current settings for the IP address and the netmask of the PC can be asked with the
command <ipconfig> in a Command Prompt window!
3. Under <This connection uses the following items> select <Internet Protocol (TCP/IPv4)> and
click on <Properties>:
Pressing on the <Start> button again will initiate a new recording session by overwriting
the previously stored data.
Clicking on the <Get data> button opens a dialog box to download the previously stored data as *.dat
file. The data logging file comes in a standard ASCII text format accessible e.g. by means of the Windows
Notepad.
The data logging function is password protectable to ensure data consistency while having multiple
clients connected to the MI3 http server.
17 Profinet
The Profinet fieldbus MI3 communication box (called fieldbus communicator) maps the object and
internal temperature of all pyrometer modules on Profinet IO. In the initialization phase, the fieldbus
communicator determines the physical structure of the node and creates a local process image with all
pyrometers.
The diagnostics concept is based on channel specific diagnostic messages that are mapped to the
respective alarms. Coding is done according to IEC 61158 Profinet IO.
Specification:
Type: Profinet IO
Conformance class: A
Real-Time class: 1 (RT) and the Real-Time class UDP
Connection: M12 or RJ45
electrically isolated
Transfer speed 100 Mbit/s full-duplex, also with auto-negotiation
Head support up to 8 pyrometer modules (MI3 or MI3100 sensing heads)
Configurable substitute value behavior for each pyrometer module in the
event of failure
Power supply: 12 to 24 V (500 mA max.)
17.1 Wiring
Details for the wiring you can find under Ethernet in section 16.1 Wiring, page 102.
17.2 Programming
17.2.1 I/O Device Configuration
The fieldbus communicator takes over the task of the I/O device in Profinet IO. Selecting the Pyrometer
modules for the process data exchange and defining the time grid is done when configuring the I/O
controller. The configuration and parameter setting of the fieldbus communicator and Pyrometer
modules is based on the device’s GSD file.
17.2.1.1 GSD File
Under Profinet IO, the features of the devices are described by the manufacturer in form of a GSD file
and made available to the user. The GSD file for the MI3 IO device:
GSDML-V2.25-Raytek-MI3-xxxxxxxx
17.2.1.2 Configuration
The I/O device is configured in accordance with the physical arrangement of the node (slot oriented).
Slot 0 contains the fieldbus communicator in its function as station substitute. It does not deliver process
data itself (except its own internal temperature and trigger input state), but provides the parameters
required to perform overall setting of the I/O device.
The slot 1 to maximum 8 reflects the physical arrangement of the pyrometer modules that deliver a part
of the process and diagnostics data. All specific information on the relevant module is contained in the
associated GSD file.
As part of a configuration with multiple pyrometer modules it is to make sure to modify the default
module standard name <MI3 pyrometer> uniquely. Furthermore, it must be ensured to modify the
parameter <Pyrometer number> (default value 1) uniquely as well (see section 17.2.2.2 Parameters of
the Pyrometer Module, page 112).
Figure 92: Parameters of the Fieldbus Communicator (exemplary for a STEP7 environment)
Figure 93: Parameters of the Pyrometer Module (exemplary for a STEP7 environment)
The <Type of parameter> gives the meaning of the following parameters (with the same format as
described in section 17.2.2.2 Parameters of the Pyrometer Module, page 112):
17.2.5 Diagnostics
The diagnostics information of the fieldbus communicator and the pyrometer modules can be read out
anti-cyclically using standard diagnostics data sets defined in the Profinet IO specification.
Errors occurring when configuring and setting the parameters of the fieldbus communicator and the
connected pyrometer modules as well as external errors are reported by the communicator via channel
specific diagnostic.
In productive data exchange between the I/O controller and the fieldbus communicator, one byte IOPS
process data qualifiers are available for each module providing information of the validity of the
18 ASCII Programming
This section explains the system’s ASCII communication protocols. A protocol is the set of commands
that defines all possible communications with the sensor. The commands are described along with their
associated ASCII command characters and related message format information. Use them when writing
custom programs for your applications or when communicating with your sensor using a terminal
program.
V=P “P“ starts the Poll mode (allows to request or to set parameters)
V=B “B“ starts the Burst mode (data will be transferred as fast as possible; necessary: data
string definition – “Burst string“)
?X$ gives the burst string parameters while in poll mode
Single Head System:
$=UTIE “$“ sets the parameter combination (“burst string“)
“U“ unit (°C or °F)
“T“ temperature value
“I“ internal temperature of the sensing head
“E“ emissivity
Multiple Head System:
$=U1T1I1E2T2I2E “$“ sets the parameter combination (“burst string“)
“U“ unit (°C or °F)
“1T“ temperature value for sensing head 1
“1I“ internal temperature for sensing head 1
“1E“ emissivity for sensing head 1
“2T“ temperature value for sensing head 2
“2I“ internal temperature for sensing head 2
“2E“ emissivity for sensing head 2
Return from burst mode to poll mode:
If poll mode should activate while burst mode is still active, send a character and within the following
few seconds the command V=P.
18.3 Addressing
The communication boxes support up to 8 heads. To direct a command to one head among the 8
possible, it is necessary to “address” the head command. Therefore, a number between 1 and 8 is set
prior to the head command.
Up to 32 communication boxes can be connected within an RS485 network. To direct a command to one
box among the 32 possible, it is necessary to „address“ a command. Therefore, a 3-digit number is set
prior the box command.
The common command structure to address heads and boxes is described as the following:
Requesting a parameter
[BOX_ADDRESS]?[HEAD_ADDRESS]COMMAND
Setting a parameter
[BOX_ADDRESS][HEAD_ADDRESS]COMMAND=VALUE
Device response
[BOX_ADDRESS]![HEAD_ADDRESS]COMMANDVALUE
Where:
[BOX_ADDRESS] can be:
1. NOT PRESENT (in case of a system with one or multiple heads connected to a single box).
The command acts on the single box.
2. 0XX (in case of a system with one or multiple heads connected to multiple boxes), where XX
can be from 01 up to 32 as box address.
3. 000 (in case of a system with one or multiple heads connected to multiple boxes), “all-call”
address for all boxes, only for setting parameters (no requests)
[HEAD_ADDRESS] can be:
1. NOT PRESENT (in case of a system with one or multiple heads connected to a single or
multiple boxes). The command acts on the head #1.
2. X, where X can be from 1 up to 8 as address of a head. The command acts on the head #X.
3. NOT PRESENT (in case if a command acts on the box only and not on the head)
e.g. ?XR (system with one box) or 002?XR (multiple boxes, box #2).
① ②
③
④
To activate these emissivity settings, you need to have the 3 external inputs (FTC) connected. According
to the digital combination on the FTC wires, one of the table entries will be activated, see section
7.2 Emissivity (digital), page 42.
(Ethernet)
0.0.0.0
(Profinet)
Net Mask NM 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 B 2.19
(Ethernet)
0.0.0.0
(Profinet)
Gateway GW 192.xxx.xxx.xxx 192.x.x.x B 2.19
(Ethernet)
0.0.0.0
(Profinet)
MAC address MAC 001d8d 1xxxxx 00:1d:8d:10:00:14 B 2.19
(Ethernet only)
DHCP on/off IPU 0 – off 0 B 2.19
(Ethernet only) 1 - on
Data logging on/off DL 0 – off 0 B 2.19
(Ethernet only) 1 - on
Data logging interval DLI 1 – 2097120 s 1s B 2.19
(Ethernet only)
Get Ethernet FW ETV String, 4 char 1.00 B 2.19
Version
Reset Ethernet module RSE B 2.19
0 … infinitely
Web Server on/off 1 WS ?WS 0 - off, 1 - on 1 B 2.20
19 Appendix
19.1 Determination of Emissivity
Emissivity is a measure of an object’s ability to absorb and emit infrared energy. It can have a value
between 0 and 1.0. For example a mirror has an emissivity of < 0.1, while the so-called “Blackbody“
reaches an emissivity value of 1.0. If a higher than actual emissivity value is set, the output will read
low, provided the target temperature is above its ambient temperature. For example, if you have set
0.95 and the actual emissivity is 0.9, the temperature reading will be lower than the true temperature.
An object’s emissivity can be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Determine the actual temperature of the material using an RTD (PT100), a thermocouple, or any
other suitable contact temperature method. Next, measure the object’s temperature and adjust
emissivity setting until the correct temperature value is reached. This is the correct emissivity
for the measured material.
2. For relatively low temperatures (up to 260°C / 500°F) place a plastic sticker (e.g.
XXXRPMACED) on the object to be measured. This sticker should be large enough to cover the
target spot. Next, measure the sticker’s temperature using an emissivity setting of 0.95. Finally,
measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the emissivity setting
until the same temperature is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.
3. If possible, apply flat black paint to a portion of the surface of the object. The emissivity of the
paint is 0.95. Next, measure the temperature of the painted area using an emissivity setting of
0.95. Finally, measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the emissivity
until the same temperature is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.
1 µm 1.6 µm 5 µm 8 – 14 µm
Asbestos 0.9 0.9 0.95
Asphalt 0.95 0.95
Basalt 0.7 0.7
Carbon
Unoxidized 0.8-0.95 0.8-0.9 0.8-0.9
Graphite 0.8-0.9 0.7-0.9 0.7-0.8
Carborundum 0.9 0.9
Ceramic 0.4 0.8-0.95 0.95
Clay 0.85-0.95 0.95
Coke 0.95-1.00 0.95-1.00 0.95-1.00 0.95-1.00
Concrete 0.65 0.9 0.95
Cloth 0.95 0.95
Glass
Plate 0.98 0.85
“Gob” 0.9
Gravel 0.95 0.95
Gypsum 0.4-0.97 0.8-0.95
Ice 0.98
Limestone 0.4-0.98 0.98
Paint (non-al.) 0.9-0.95
Paper (any color) 0.95 0.95
Plastic, opaque at 500
0.95 0.95
µm thickness (20 mils)
Rubber 0.9 0.95
Sand 0.9 0.9
Snow 0.9
Soil 0.9-0.98
Water 0.93
Wood, Natural 0.9-0.95 0.9-0.95
20 Notes