Table of Contents

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . 2
I.1 Project Fact Sheet. . . . . . . 2
I.2 IEE Team . . . . . . . . 3
I.3 IEE Study Schedule and Area . . . . . 3
I.4 Summary of Key Environmental Impacts, . . . . 3
Management and Monitoring Plans

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . 10

II.1 Project Rationale . . . . . . . 10
II.2 Project Location . . . . . . . 11
II.3 Project Alternatives . . . . . . 14
II.4 Project Components . . . . . . 15
II.5 Project Implementation Timelines . . . . . 16
II.6 Project Schedule and Manpower . . . . . 17
II.7 Project Cost . . . . . . . 17

III. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS . . . . 18

III.1 Land . . . . . . . . 18
III.2 Water . . . . . . . . 20
III.3 Air . . . . . . . . 22
III.4 People . . . . . . . . 24
III.5 Summary of Environmental Aspects and Impacts . . . 25

IV. IMPACT ASSSESSMENT AND MITIGATION . . . . 27

IV.1Preconstruction and Construction Phase . . . . 27
IV.2Operation and Maintenance Phase . . . . 28
IV.3Abandonment and Rehabilitation Phase . . . . 29
IV.4ERA Applicability . . . . . . . 30
IV.5Natural Hazards . . . . . . . 31
IV.6Construction Environmental Plan . . . . . 34
IV.7Solid Waste Management . . . . . . 34
IV.8Air Emission Treatment . . . . . . 35
IV.9Water Usage and Wastewater Treatment . . . . 35
IV.10 Vehicular Traffic Management . . . . . 35
IV.11 Social Development Plan . . . . . 36
IV.12 Summary of Impacts Management . . . . 37

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN . . . . 40

V.1 Environmental Compliance Monitoring . . . . 40
V.2 Emergency Response Plan. . . . . . 42
V.3 Abandonment Plan . . . . . . 44

VI. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . 45

1
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 PROJECT FACT SHEET

Table 1.1 summarizes the details of this IEE Report, which includes the details of the project,
Initial Environmental Examination process, key environmental impacts, and management and
monitoring plans.

Table 1.1 Project Fact Sheet

Project Name LFUG Warehouse Facility
Project Location Barangay Tibungco, Davao City
Project Proponent Mr. Gerald Jone Uygongco

La Filipina Uy Gongco Corporation

Columbian Warehouse, Old Airport Crossing
Sasa, Davao City

Tel. No. (+682) 234-7558, Fax (+6382) 234-8558

IEE Report Preparer Maria Soccoro Mallare
Reynaldo Floralde
Joseph Raymund Sumabal

SRR Consulting, Inc.

Iñigo St., Obrero, Davao City, 8000, Philippines

Tel. No. (+084) 822-7404

Project Specific The proposed project development is categorized as:
EIA Process Category B: Non Environmentally Critical Projects (ECP), but which may cause
negative environmental impacts because they are located in
Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA)

This report is guided by an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), referenced at

Annex 2-1b Item No. 1107 E.13 (Storage facilities, non-toxic/hazardous materials,
substances or products)

The outline and modules for this IEE report are based on Annex 2-15 of the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order
No. 2003-30 and the DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2010-14
Project Land Area 54, 543 square meters
Project Floor Area 14, 300 square meters
Project Components  Fertilizer warehouse approximately 6,000 square meters
 Soy bean warehouse approximately 2,000 square meters
 Various ingredients warehouse approximately 330 square meters
 Administration and truck parking area approximately 1,900 square meters
 Two (2) units truck scale approximately 170 square meters
 Roadway and open spaces approximately 2,900 square meters
 Roadways, open spaces, and administration parking area
 Delivery truck parking, loading and delivery bays
 Power requirement of 175 kVA

2
1.2 IEE TEAM

SRR Consulting, Inc. (consultant) was commissioned by the proponent to conduct and document
the environmental impact assessment of the proposed project through an IEE Report. The personnel
involved during the course of the environmental impact assessment for the proposed project is listed in
Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Project Fact Sheet

Names of Personnel Field of Expertise
Ma. Soccoro Mallare IEE Team Leader
Head consultant
Reynaldo Floralde Air and water quality assessment
Joseph Raymund Sumabal Environmental Impact Assessment

1.3 STUDY SCHEDULE AND AREA

The proposed project’s IEE timetable is detailed in Table 1.3. This schedule started from the site
investigation, preparation of the IEE report, and up to the expected issuance of the ECC.

Table 1.3 Timetable of IEE activities

Names of Personnel Date Field of Expertise
Site Investigation February to  Ocular Inspection of existing site
March 2011 conditions of the area that will be
affected
 Gathering and review of available
secondary
Preparation and finalization of the March 2011  Documentation of baseline
IEE Report environmental conditions, impact
assessment, environmental
management and monitoring plans
 Completion of attachments and
applicable engineering plans
 Final review of contents by the
proponent and reproduction of the IEE
report prior to submission
Evaluation and decision on the IEE April 2011  Evaluation of the IEE by the EMB case
(Target date) handler, EIA chief, and EMB director
Issuance of the ECC (Target date) April 2011  Final Issuance of the ECC for the
proposed project development

1.4 SUMMARY OF KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MANAGEMENT,

AND MONITORING PLANS

The proposed project development will inevitably create various impacts on the biological
environment, social environment and physical environment such as land, air, and water. These impacts
are described and assessed throughout the project implementation timelines; preconstruction &
construction, operation & maintenance, and abandonment and rehabilitation.

Table 1.4 summarizes the identified environmental impacts that are/may be created based on
the proposed project’s different activities. Meanwhile, Table 1.5 summarizes the corresponding
mitigating and enhancement measures, including the responsible parties and guarantees involved. Then,
Table 1.6 summarizes the environmental monitoring plans of the proponent during pre-operations,
operations, and abandonment phases of the proposed project development.

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Table 1.4: Summary matrix of Environmental Aspects and Impacts
Potential Environmental Parameter Significance of Impact
Activity Phase
Impacts Most Affected +/- D/ln L/S R/I
A. Civil and Generation of Solid wastes Land - D S R
Construction mechanical from construction spoils
Phase works Generation of wastewater Water - D S R
Possible Coastal water Water - D S R
contamination
Increase in air emission levels Air - D S R
Increase in noise level Air - D S R
Increased risks to occupational People - D S R
safety
B. Storage, Generation of Solid wastes LAND/Water - D L R
Facility Transfer and from construction spoils
Operation delivery of Possible contamination of Water - D L R
Phase products ground and coastal water
Generation of wastewater Water - D S R
Creation of additional sources People + D L R
of employment and livelihood
Generation of Hazardous Land - D S R
wastes
Increases in noise levels Air - D L R
Increased risks to People - D S R
Occupational Safety
Possible traffic congestion in People - D S R
nearby roads
PAYMENT of Additional revenue for the People + D L R
Taxes local government
C. Removal/de Generation of Solid wastes land - D S R
Project mobilization Possible contamination of Land - D S R
Closure of Project ground and coastal water
Phase facilities Generation of Hazardous Water - D S R
wastes
Loss Employment People - D L R

4
Table 1.5: Summary of the proposed project’s environmental aspects and impacts, with corresponding mitigating and enhancement measures, including responsible parties and
guarantees involved.
Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
1. Construction Generation of Accumulation of  Segregation of usable materials to be Contractor Project LFUG EMP
Phase construction construction debris traded to qualified bidders construction
spoils and solid  Hauling of residuals by the contractor cost
waste
Use of heavy Increase noise levels and  Regular maintenance of the heavy Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP,
constructions carbon and other air equipments construction ECC
equipments emissions  Regular sprinkling of project site to avoid cost: Per diem
dust generation
 Fencing of construction site to reduce
construction noise, block visual nuisance,
and stops flying shrapnel
Influx of Generation of  Construction of temporary facilities for Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP,
construction wastewater and possible worker including installation of moveable construction ECC
personnel contamination of coastal septic tanks cost: lump sum
water  Water conservation measures
Generation of  Prioritize hiring qualified personnel of Contractor Multiple of LFUG and
employment nearby communities direct personnel Contractor’s
expenses contract

5
 Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
2. Facility Use of heavy Increased risk to  Provide Personal Protective Equipment LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
Operation machineries occupational safety  Extensive training for personnel in handling Department operation costs ECC
Phase and operating equipment
Influx of facility Generation of domestic  Regular monitoring of water utilization LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
personnel wastewater  Performance of water conservation Department operation costs ECC
techniques
Employment Generation  Prioritize hiring qualified residents of LFUG Human Multiple of LFUG and
nearby communities Resource direct personnel Employees’
Department expenses Contract
Creation of additional  Prioritize hiring qualified residents of LFUG Per diem plus LFUG Public
sources of income and nearby communities Management reimbursable Relation
livelihood  Prioritize purchasing local items, if expenses Guidelines
applicable within the vicinity
Improvement in basic  Participate in meetings/activities regarding LFUG Per diem plus LFUG Public
social services important social services deliberations Management reimbursable Relation
expenses Guidelines
Influx of delivery Possible traffic congestion  Assistance of security guards for LFUG Security Part of LFUG EMP,
trucks and inbound/outbound vehicles in the direction Department operation costs ECC
visitors of traffic
Occasional use Increase in carbon and  Regular maintenance of the generator set LFUG Engineering Fixed cost per LFUG EMP,
of generator set other air emissions  Installation of a muffler system Department maintenance ECC
 Use of automotive diesel activity
Water used for Possible contamination of  Installation of wastewater treatment facility LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
domestic nearby bodies of water  Water conservation measures Department operation costs ECC
purpose and groundwater  Provision for containment barriers and spill
response procedures in case of spills of
fuels and chemicals

6
 Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
10. Abandonmen Business closure Loss of employment  Compensation of affected personnel LFUG Human Multiple of Worker Contract
t Phase and  Transfer of personnel to other sites Resource direct personnel Agreement
retrenchment of  Possible retraining or referral to other job Department expenses
personnel vacancies
Generation of Generation of solid waste  Segregation of usable materials to be Contractor Project LFUG EMP
construction and nuisance to nearby traded to qualified bidders Demolition Cost
solid wastes, residents  Hauling of residuals by contractor
dust and noise  Watering of the project site during
during demolition
demolition of  Installation of demolition barriers to block
facility visual nuisance, minimize noise and stops
flying shrapnel and migration of dust
 Installation of noise muffler for heavy
equipments
Removal of Degradation of soil and  Removal of fuels, oils, and other liquid Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP
storage tanks water quality due to substances by a certified hauler demolition cost:
and other contamination Per diem
equipment

7
Table 1.6: Summary matrix of the Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameter to be
Concern Sampling Measurement Plan Responsibility Annual Estimated Cost
Monitored
A. Construction Phase
A1. Construction Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor Part of Construction Costs
spoils and solid items recording
wastes
A2. Hazardous Kgs. (solid), no. Of items Weighing, log-book Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor Part of Construction Costs
wastes recording
containers
A3. Air Quality TSP, PM10, noise High Volume sampler, Once Project Site LFUG Contractor Php 15,000 per sampling
digital sound level
meter
A4. Occupational No. Of safety man- Logbook recoding Daily Project Site LFUG Contractor Minimal
Safety hours/no. Of work-
related accidents
B. Operation Phase
B1. Products Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Daily Project Warehouse LFUG Production/QA Part of Operations Costs
Storage Kgs. (solid) recording Dept.
B2. General Solid Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project’s solid waste LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
wastes items recording handling facility
B3. Hazardous Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Monthly Project’s Hazardous LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
wastes (used oil Kgs. (solid) recording waste storage room
from stand-by
gen set, fluore-
scentbulbs)
B4. Emission NOX, SOX, TSP, PM10 Standard Emission Annually Identified sampling LFUG Engineering dept. Php 10, 000 per sampling activity
quality of testing stations Thru a emissions testing
standby contractor
generator sets
B5. Water usage M3/day Meter readings Daily Project’s water LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
meter

8
 Parameter to be
Concern Sampling Measurement Plan Responsibility Annual Estimated Cost
Monitored
B6. Domestic BOD, COD, TSS, total Grab sampling and Quarterly Effluent discharge LFUG Engineering dept. PhP 5,000 per sampling activity
wastewater and fecal coliforms, ph laboratory analysis pipe Thru an accredited lab
M3/day Meter readings Daily Effluent discharge LFUG Engineering dept. Minimal
pipe
B7. Power kWh/day Meter readings Daily Project Site LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
Consumption
B8. Occupational No. Of safety man- Logbook recoding Daily Project Site LFUG Human resource Minimal
Safety hours/no. Of work- Dept.
related accidents
B9. Public No. Of valid Consultations with the Annually Affected barangay, LFUG Management To be determined
Perception concerns/complaints local residents and nearby residents
officials
C. Abandonment Phase
C1. General Solid Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor To be determined
and Hazardous items recording
wastes Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Monthly Project Site LFUG Contractor To be determined
Kgs. (solid) recording
C2. Termination No. Of employees Interview and Once LFUG S LFUG Human resource To be determined
of Employees affected consultations Administration Dept.
Office

9
II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT RATIONALE

La Filipina Uy Gongco began in 1901 as a bakery and a grocery store founded by Mr. Uy Yan Gon
(Julian Uygongco). It grew to become one of the biggest trading houses in Panay and Negros Islands.
The company is now involved in the trading of feeds ingredients, fertilizers, sugars, vegetables oils,
grains wheat flour. It also owns and operates a sugar mill, sugar cane plantation, flour mills, animal
feeds mills, livestock farms, cargo ships, hotels, housing projects, a shopping mall, and a bank.

The company’s success is attributed to its policy of high integrity, reliability as a provider of
quality products and services to customers, equal opportunity employer, responsible corporate
citizenship, and trustworthy relationship with stockholders. The company takes pride in its people. The
strong team composed of a group of executives and staff who assist the president in the planning and
operation of the group of companies.

The booming industry in trading of agricultural products paved way for bigger demands and rush
orders for supply. Keeping up this tremendous and complicated business endeavor, LFUG found the
need for support facilities that will ease up their business transactions, particularly their logistics. The
management of the flow of goods and services between the point of origin and the point of
consumption requires integration of systems; including information, transportation, inventory,
warehousing, material handling, packaging, and security. All these systems are programmed through a
channel of a supply chain which adds the value of time and place utilities. And a key part of these supply
chain, in order to meet the demands and requirements of the customers, is a storage facility such as
warehouse.

With the storage facility, the LFUG can provide the right item in the right quantity at the right
time at the right place for the right price in the right condition at the right of the customer. Also, the
LFUG can take an edge over other trading business companies by covering the efficient flow and storage
of the agricultural products from the point of origin to the customer.

In light with the recent discussion, the LFUG will construct a warehouse as a support facility for
their trading business. The proponent aims to provide storage facility for its agricultural products such as
feeds ingredients, fertilizers, sugars, vegetable oils, grains and wheat flour.

The major process in the warehouse project includes receiving, storage, co-packing, kitting,
repair, order preparation, delivery, and inventory management. All these processes have space
requirements to accommodate, the agricultural products to be stored, the loading and unloading of
delivery trucks, the parking requirements of delivery and personnel vehicles, the office rooms for the
staff, and a lot more. Thus the project development would require enough area to accommodate the
needed requirements.

Aside from the space requirements, accessibility is another factor that determines the best site
location. Thus, the proponent wishes to locate its project development to a very accessible site. The
proponent has properties along national road in Tibungco, Davao City and suggested it for the site’s
location. The location is near a coastal area near the Davao gulf thus the proponent is required to secure
an ECC from the DENR-EMB prior to any development in the proposed project site. As a pre-requisite to
the acquisition of an ECC for the proposed project, the proponent has to prepare an IEE, as stated in
Annex 2- 1lb Item No. 107 E-13 (storage facilities, non-toxic/hazardous materials, substances, or
products, total gross floor area greater than 1 hectare).

10
 The Warehouse Facility (project) of La Filipina Uy Gongco Corporation or LFUG (proponent)
aims to provide additional warehouse storage for its flour and agricultural products. These products
include feeds ingredients, fertilizers, sugar, vegetable oils, grains and wheat flour. The warehouse facility
falls under Category B: Projects that are not categorized as Environmentally Critical Project (ECP), but
may cause negative impacts because they are located in Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs). Table 2.1
shows details on the proposed Project, Proponent, and the IEE Report Preparer.

Table 2.1: Details on the Project and the Proponent

Project Name LFUG Warehouse Facility
Project Location Barangay Tibungco, Davao City
Project Proponent Mr. Gerald Jone Uygongco

La Filipina Uy Gongco Corporation

Columbian Warehouse, Old Airport Crossing
Note: The
Sasa, Davao City
data shown
here are for
Tel. No. (+682) 234-7558, Fax (+6382) 234-8558
EIA class
IEE Report Preparer Maria Soccoro Mallare
project
Reynaldo Floralde
purposes
Joseph Raymund Sumabal
only
SRR Consulting, Inc.

Iñigo St., Obrero, Davao City, 8000, Philippines

Tel. No. (+084) 822-7404

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION

Project location is determined through a process of establishing a project site. Before any
process was done in establishing the site, the proponent suggested their properties in Tibungco, Davao
city as project site and suggested nothing else. Detailed project site criteria are ascertained to determine
if the suggested project site fits the needed requirements for a warehouse facility. The criteria include
total land area, traffic and transit, existing land-use, density and zoning, utilities, and socio-economic
factors.

The project site in Tibungco, Davao City has geographic coordinates of 7°12’07.79” North
latitude and 125°38’50.38” East longitude. At present, the area has a mixed of industrial and
commercial establishments (Sumifru Port, Solid Mix Aggregates to name a few) with some residential
area situated near the project area. Table 2.2 presents the directional reference, geographic
coordinates and the surrounding structures with reference to the project site. Figure 2.1 illustrates the
general location of the Project.

Table 2.2: Directional Reference, Geographic Coordinates and Adjacent Structures

Directional Reference Geographic Coordinates Notable Landmarks,
Adjacent at the Project Site Structures, or other Site
Development
North 7°12’17.56”N Sumifru Port
125°38’50.12”E
South 7°12’03.49”N San Juan Village, Purok 14,
125°38’52.02”E Residential Areas
West 7°12’10.29”N Solid Mix Aggregates
125°38’43.93”E
East 7°12’10.45”N Coastal Area, Davao Gulf
125°38’55.38”E

11
 Figure 2.1: General Location Map of the Project

In relation to natural and socio-economic factors, the existing land use of the project site and as
well as the adjacent sites is industrial. The site has an existing industrial land use with compatibility on
residential land use. This combination of land use enables people to have working places near their
homes. The industrial built up in the area has provided some measures to keep residential areas from
inconveniences brought by these industrial developments. Thus the site suggested by the proponent is
suited for a warehouse facility

There is a notable traffic pattern between the road network and the site because it has
adequate access and efficient circulation within and outside to the project site. This is also the reason
why industrial developments are prominent is this area. With an efficient traffic and transportation
system, this project development will be a success in this area.

Existing utilities are found within the area. These utilities are spread across the area and are
sufficient enough for additional future developments. All these utilities are created because of social and
economic development in the adjacent areas, which include housing and industrial developments. The
zoning laws in these area, specifically to the project site, permits industrial developments.

Therefore, the proponent’s suggested project site is suited for the LFUG Warehouse Facility.
Figure 2.2 shows the aerial image of the project site and its vicinity.

12
 PROJECT SITE

Figure 2.2: Aerial Image of the Proposed Project’s Vicinity

2.2.1 Lot Ownership

The proposed Project will be situated inside a 54,543 square meter prime lots. The Title
of Certificate of Title T-431760, T-431759, and T-431758 are owned by the proponent. Copies of
the TCT’s will be annexed to this Document.

13
2.2.2 Accessibility

Using Davao International Airport as a point of reference, the proposed Project is

accessible from the airport via the Pan Philippine Highway going to Panabo City. From the
Airport, travel around approximately 2 kilometers until reaching the intersection (DPWH Office
as point of reference) then turn left going to Panabo. Then travel around 6 kilometers until you
reach a vacant lot in front of Solid and Mix Aggregates (other side of the Highway). The Project is
also 1 block before the Sumifru Port.

All roads leading to the proposed project are concrete-paved which are easily travelled
by all types of vehicles.

2.3 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

The project site that is suggested by the owner is validated by the project site criteria. Though
the project site fits the project development and all its requirements, it is necessary to make a project
development suitability process in order to determine the best use and development right for the
proponent’s suggested site. Table 2.3 summarizes the detailed project development suitability process
and shows the best use and development for the proponent’s suggested project site, which is at
Tibungco, Davao City.

Table 2.3 Detailed development suitability process for the proponent’s site at Tibungco, Davao City
Description of Site and/or its Adjacent Suitable Type of
Development Suitability Factors
Areas Development
1. Slope Relatively flat Any
2. Vegetation and Wildlife With some grass areas and few trees Residential,
Commercial, and
Industrial
3. Solar Orientation West and east are exposed to direct Any
sunlight. Also, west faces afternoon sun
4. Wind There are desirable and undesirable Any
winds, but any breeze is beneficial
throughout the year.
5. Existing Land Use Industrial Industrial
6. Traffic and Transit Directly accessible to the national road Commercial and
with maximum road right of way Industrial
7. Density Low density development Industrial
8. Zoning Medium industrial zone Industrial
9. Utilities There are available utilities that can be Any
tapped. These utilities include water
supply, sanitary, storm drainage, power,
and more. Also, these can accommodate
future development expansions
10. Social With residents from subdivisions and Residential and
workers from industrial companies Industrial
11. Economic Main economic activities are industrial Industrial
12. Historic No historic significance Residential,
Commercial, and
Industrial
13. Natural Features Near coastal area Recreational
14. Spatial Pattern Most of the areas are industrial Industrial
developments, a residential development
is also present in adjacent area
15. Visual Resources Davao gulf Recreational

14
 The types of project developments that are specifically cited in the table are residential,
commercial, industrial and recreational. Residential developments include subdivision, townhouse, and
apartments and more. Commercial developments include stores, restaurants, malls and more. Industrial
developments include factories, plants, storage facilities and more. And recreational developments
include parks and open spaces, beaches, and any other developments that enhance the landscape of the
site.

From the Table 2.3, the project development suitability process shows that the best use and
development for the project site at Tibungco, Davao City is and industrial development. This means that
a warehouse facility for the LFUG agricultural products would be very suitable for the proponent’s
suggested project site. Therefore, it is justifiable that the LFUG warehouse facility will be constructed at
Tibungco, Davao City.

2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS

2.4.1 Facilities’ Area Delineation

The proposed project is divided into several facilities to serve its operational requirements.
Table 2.4 summarizes the proposed project’s features and its corresponding description. A site
development plan is also provided as an attachment to this document.

Table 2.4: Project Area Delineation

Area Description Estimated Gross Floor Area (m2)
Fertilizer Warehouse 6,000
Soy Bean Warehouse 2,000
Various Ingredients Warehouse 1,000
Administration Building 330
Administration and Truck Parking Area 1,900
Truck scale (2 units) 170
Roadway and Open Spaces 2,900
Total 14,300

2.4.2 Operations

The warehouse facility will be primarily a storage facility for flour and agricultural food products
as well as its raw materials. Deliveries of materials or finished products, either thru land or sea will come
to this warehouse facility.

2.4.3 Utilities

Power

The Davao Light and Power Company (DLPC) will supply the electrical power needs of the
proposed project. The proposed project’s power supply is estimated at 175 kVA to allow simultaneous
operation of all its equipments. Specifically, the electrical power in the proposed project will be used to
operate the following items:

 Air conditioning units;

 Building and perimeter lighting; and
 Various electrical appliances/devices for the warehouse administration office.

The project will also install one (1) generator set which shall be used in case of temporary power
interruptions and/or during emergencies.

15
16
Waste Source and Wastewater Treatment

The proposed project will source its water needs from Davao City Water District (DCWD).
Estimated water consumption for domestic used will be about 20 cubic meters per day.

Wastewater from the warehouse facility will come from two sources-the first one being
personal waste from the lavatories and kitchen sinks and the other one will come from the general
cleaning. Cleaning operations will be done once in every two to three months.

2.4.4 Wastewater Treatment

The domestic wastewater to be generated by the facility will be collected in a septic tank. Since
most of the operation done in the area is dry-based, there is minimal wastewater will be produce and
thus, regular de-slugging of septic tank is sufficient for wastewater treatment.

2.5 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINES

2.5.1 Construction Phase

The Construction Phase of the proposed project will include the development and construction
in the Project site to meet its operational requirements. The designated contractor will bring their own
equipment, personnel, and materials necessary to accomplish the proposed project in its prescribed
timeline. The pre-operation activities will also include the following items:

 Design layout and detailed engineering plans of structural, electrical, plumbing and
environmental protection facilities;
 Acquisition of permits such as Business Permits, ECC, other relevant government licenses; and
 Installation of equipment and machineries.

2.5.2 Facility Operation Phase

The core activity of the proposed project is limited only to warehousing/storage of raw materials
and finished products.

2.5.3 Abandonment Phase

The proposed project is not expected to be abandoned within the next 50 years of its planned
operations. Due to the continued flour and agricultural food products in the Philippine market, the
proposed project will continue to operate as long as necessary.

Nevertheless, partial or total abandonment of the proposed project may be necessary due to
the following plausible scenarios:

 Unsustainable business operation due to unpredictable economic downturns;

 Poor maintenance of the proposed project
 Changes in zoning and other related ordinances in Davao City;
 Severe catastrophic damage to the proposed project due to man-made (i.e. fires, accidents, etc.)
and/or natural causes (i.e. earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, etc.); and
 Closure order from Government agencies.

As much, if the abovementioned scenarios happen which could result to the partial or total
closure of the proposed project, an Abandonment Plan will be initiated by the proponent, which will be
discussed further in the later part of this document.

17
2.6 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS

The construction phase of the project is targeted on the second quarter of 2011 and is expected
to be operational by the 4 th quarter of 2011. The summary of the proposed project’s activities is shown
in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Project Implementation Schedule

Activity Target Dates
Construction Phase Second quarter of 2011
Operational Phase Fourth quarter of 2011
Abandonment No specified date since the proposed Project is not expected to be abandoned
in the foreseeable time

During the construction period, the proposed Project will employ about 40 persons to be
comprised of engineers, skilled technicians, electricians, and common labourers to carry out
improvements in civil works, electrical, mechanical, and painting works at the project site.

Once operational, the proposed Project will employ 20 personnel, composed of management,
operations, maintenance, safety and security staff. The proposed Project will operate a 2 to 3 shift
system, 24 hours per day and 6 days a week.

Should the facility need to shut-down in the future, the Proponent will employ approximately 15
workers to dismantle the structures and facilities, remove the equipment, and clean up the site. A
summary of the proposed Project’s manpower requirements is shown in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Estimated Manpower Requirements

Estimated
Project Phase Particulars Manpower
Requirements
Pre-operation Civil works, electrical, mechanical and painting works 40
Operation Facility management 20
Operation and management, warehouse, maintenance,
QA/QC, safety, security
Abandonment To be determined 15

2.7 PROJECT COST

The proposed Project cost has a total estimated value of Two Hundred Million Pesos (Php
200,000,000.00), which includes the following:

 Construction of the Proposed facility; and

 Acquisition of the operation facilities including equipment, machineries and vehicles.

18
III. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

3.1 LAND

The Project is located within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City. Davao City is strategically
located in the Asia-Pacific rim serving as gateway to both the western and eastern hemispheres of the
world.

Davao city is in the southern part of the Philippines, particularly in the Southern Mindanao
region with the latitude of 6°58’ to 7°34’ North and a longitude of 125°14’ to 125°40’ east. The City is
946 aerial kilometers away from Manila.

It is bounded by the province of Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur, while partly on the east it
faces the expanse of the Davao Gulf and the island garden city of Samal. Its boundary line passes
through the peak of the country’s tallest mountain, the Apo at 3,142 meters above sea level. Cascading
from the peak and going east down, one finds vast plains, unspoiled forests, fertile valleys, navigable
rivers, and the sprawling metropolis and world-class beaches.

The land area of Davao City is 2,443.61 square kilometers. It is divided into 3 congressional
districts, which are further divided into 11 administrative districts containing a total of 184 Barangays.
Almost 50% of its total land area is classified as timberland or forest. Agriculture utilizes about 43%. This
is reflective fact that agriculture is still the largest economic sector. Big plantations that produce banana,
pineapple, coffee, and coconut eat up a large chunk of total land area.

The district of Bunawan, where the project is located, is part of the 2 nd legislative district of
Davao which is the second most densely populated area in the legislative district.

The district of Bunawan is further divided into 9 barangays. The Project is within Barangay
Tibungco. Figure 3.1 shows the administrative district map of the Davao City.

Figure 3.1 Administrative District Map of the Davao City.

19
3.1.1 Geology

The project area is underlain by the Apo Volcanics of Late Pleistocene to Recent Age. The
pyroclastics composed of volcanic ash, tuff, and other volcanic fragments were reworked redeposit as a
series of overlapping flows in the middle to lower slopes of Mount Apo and Mount Talomo. Outcrops of
tuffaceous deposits can be seen along the banks and streambeds of Bago Creek.

Surfuric deposits derived from the weathering of the underlying pyroclastics as well as coarse
gravel and boulders cover the project site.

3.1.2 Topography

The topography of the area consist of flat alluvial and coastal plains, gentle lowlands and
plateaus, moderate terrain along foot slopes and steep terrain of the volcano cones. The topography of
the Project site is generally flat with slopes between <1% to 3%. Figure 3.1 shows the topographic map
of the project vicinity.

Figure 3.2: Topographic Map of Project Vicinity

20
3.1.3 Land Use

The total land area of Davao City is 2,443.61 square kilometres. In terms of land area, it is
considered as one of the largest cities in the world. It is divided into 3 congressional districts with
barangays (smallest political villages) totalling to 180.

Almost 50% of its total land area as mentioned in the previous section is classified as timberland
or forest. Agriculture utilizes about 43%. This is reflective of the fact that agriculture is still the largest
economic sector. Big plantations that produce banana, pineapple, coffee, and coconut eat up a large
chunk of the total land area.

Presently, built up areas used for residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial purposes
represent about 10% of the total land area. Under the approved land use plan built up and settlement
area will cover 15% of the total area while agricultural will be maximised with 67.19%. The remaining
17.68% will be devoted for forest and conservation.

The Project situated in Brgy. Tibungco, Davao City is described as Medium Industrial Zone as
indicated in the Certification from the City Planning and development Office of Davao City. Thus, the
Project is ideal for it’s used as industrial warehousing housing.

Land use policy (as exercised through zoning, development clearances and building permitting
and regulation) has far exerted only limited impact in shaping the type, pattern and intensity of urban
development activity in Davao City.

The existing land use regulation is based on the Amended Zoning Ordinance of Davao City
(1996). The project area is within the commercial zone and district of manila.

3.2 WATER

The Davao Gulf has a water area of 10,500 km 2 and a total catchment area of 5,132 km 2 which is
derived from the various watersheds of Saragani, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley,
and Davao City. The average depth of the gulf is 17 meters and volume of approximately 112x109 m 3 (V.
Dupra and S.V. Smith). Its widest point is approximately 160 km while coastline is approximately 520
km., reckoned from Calian Point in Davao del Sur to Cape San Agustin in Davao Oriental (or excluding the
coastline from Calian Port to the Municipality of Saragani). Within the gulf are the islands of Samal and
Talikud in Davao del Norte, Kopiat in Davao Oriental and Lunod in Compostela valley (MSU-Naawan,
1995).

Davao Gulf meets the water quality Class SC standards set by the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR). It is categorized as best use for Recreational Water II such as boating,
Fishery Water class II such as commercial and sustenance fishing, and marsh and/or mangrove areas
declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries. Table 3.1 shows the summary of the general water quality data
for Davao Gulf.

Table 3.1: Summary of the general water quality data for Davao Gulf
Parameter Range DENR Standards for Class SC
pH 6.36 - 8.79 Range: 6.0 – 8.5
Temperature (oC) 26.80 - 32.00 3 degrees maximum rise
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 4.09 - 7.24 5.0 (min)
Salinity (ppt) 14.90 – 38.00 No available standard
Turbidity (NTU) 3.24 – 27,058.00 No available standard
Suspended solids (mg/L) 13.00 – 5,193.00 Not more than 30 mg/L increase
Depth (m) 1.5 – 68.00

21
3.2.1 Hydrology

The 33 major rivers and creeks that drain into the Davao Gulf make the inner part of the Gulf
estuarine in character (V. Dupra and S.V. Smith). The water of the Gulf is oceanic in nature considering
that the Pacific Equatorial current flow westward and northwest as it reaches the western boundary rim
(eastern part of Mindanao) of the Pacific Ocean. The water mass is affected by the tidal force resulting
from the earth’s rotation on its axis. Figure 3.3 shows the hydrogeologic map of the project vicinity.

Figure 3.3: Hydrogeologic map of the project vicinty

22
3.2.2 Oceanography

Water exchange is mainly tidal with relatively good surface mixing during strong monsoon
winds. The northern portion is generally estuarine in character due to the massive influx of freshwater
from the flood plains especially during the rainy season.

The Gulf has a unique pattern of water movement. During flood tide, water mass south of Samal
Island flows southwest averaging about 0.26 to 0.42 m/sec. In the northern portion of the island,
between Bassa Point and Gill Point, the water mass flows northeast. It swiftly veers east-northeast
during the peak tide current. During a flooding event, the more saline oceanic waters move through the
deeper section of the Gulf pushing the older water mass northward. Tide waves occurring ahead at the
eastern section cause older water to wave towards the area of low elevation at the western side. Eddies
and standing oscillations are present.

3.2.3 Water Quality

The Davao Gulf is the final catchment for all runoffs, erosion and effluents coming from several
watersheds in the region whose headwaters come from the mountain ranges of Sarangani Province in
the west and south-west portion of the region, the mountain ranges of Mount Apo (the Philippines
highest peak) in the south portion, the mountain ranges of Davao del Norte in the north and north-west
portion, and mountain ranges of Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental in the eastern side.

Thirty-three tributaries or rivers and creeks drain into the Gulf as shown in Table 3.2. These
tributaries make up 12 major watersheds and 8 micro watersheds, as defined by the River Basin
Committee for the Davao Gulf Tributaries (DENR XI).

Table 3.2: Twelve Major Watersheds in Davao Gulf

Province Watershed
Davao de lSur Balutakay Watershed, Digos Watershed, Lais
Watershed, Padada-miral Watershed, Sibulan
Watershed
Davao del Norte Tagum-Libuganon-Saug Watershed, Tuganay
Watershed
Davao City Davao River Watershed, Lipadas-Talomo
Watershed
Compostela Valley Hijo Watershed, Kingking Watershed
Davao Oriental Sumlog Watershed
Source: Davao Gulf Management Council Website

3.3 AIR

3.3.1 Climate

The climate in Davao City, where the proposed project, will be located, is classified as Type 4, as
illustrated in Figure 3.2, under the Corona’s classification used by Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical
and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) depending on rainfall pattern. The area of the
proposed project, rainfall is more or less distributed through the year.

Davao City is typhoon-free, with evenly distributed temperature, rainfall and humidity
throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is 2000mm while the temperature is between 20 °C to 32°C.
Highest rainfall recorded was 240 millimeters (October 2009) and the lowest is 47 (December 2009).
Highest and lowest temperatures recorded meanwhile are 35.6°C and 22.1°C, respectively.

23
3.3.2 Surface Winds and Cyclone Frequency

Strong surface winds are a natural hazard even in urban areas because of flying debris and
toppling of weak structures (as seen in the previous incidence in October 2006, Milenyo). Strong winds
are usually associated with typhoons. In this station, prevailing wind directions vary largely throughout
the year. The area was located near highly urbanized area with varying heights of structures.

Based on PAGASA’s typhoon frequency classification, the project area lies where there are no
typhoons in the area shown in Figure 3.4.

PROJECT SITE

24
 Durian 26,457
Pineapple 21,153
Mango 8,325
Coffee 4,080
Fishery (metric tons) Municipal-Inland/Marine 1,235
Commercial-Deep Sea 3,770
Aquaculture-Fishponds 1,248
Livestock (per head) Hogs 239,330
Cattle 44,336
Poultry (per head) 3,648,917
Source: Davao City Website

3.5 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS & IMPACTS

Table 3.6 summarizes the identified environmental aspects and impacts that are/may be created
based on the Project’s different activities. The discussion regarding the proposed Project’s
environmental mitigating and enhancement measures for each identified/perceived impact are
presented in Section 4 of this document. The identification of impacts was based on the primary
activities/components that the sub-project will be undertaking throughout its phases or pre-
operation/construction, operation and abandonment. Each impact identified is classified into the
following level of significance:

 Positive (+) or Negative (-) impact;

 Direct (D) or Indirect (In) impact;
 Long-Term (L) or Short-Term (S) impact; and
 Reversible (R) or Irreversible (I) impact.

Figure 3.4 Climate Map

25
Table 3.6: Matrix of Environmental Aspects and Impacts
Potential Environmental Parameter Significance of Impact
Activity Phase
Impacts Most Affected +/- D/ln L/S R/I
A. Civil and Generation of Solid wastes Land - D S R
Construction mechanical from construction spoils
Phase works Generation of wastewater Water - D S R
Possible Coastal water Water - D S R
contamination
Increase in air emission levels Air - D S R
Increase in noise level Air - D S R
Increased risks to occupational People - D S R
safety
B. Storage, Generation of Solid wastes LAND/Water - D L R
Facility Transfer and from construction spoils
Operation delivery of Possible contamination of Water - D L R
Phase products ground and coastal water
Generation of wastewater Water - D S R
Creation of additional sources People + D L R
of employment and livelihood
Generation of Hazardous Land - D S R
wastes
Increases in noise levels Air - D L R
Increased risks to People - D S R
Occupational Safety
Possible traffic congestion in People - D S R
nearby roads
PAYMENT of Additional revenue for the People + D L R
Taxes local government
C. Removal/de Generation of Solid wastes land - D S R
Project mobilization Possible contamination of Land - D S R
Closure of Project ground and coastal water
Phase facilities Generation of Hazardous Water - D S R
wastes
Loss Employment People - D L R

26
IV. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
This chapter discusses program of activities or the project implementation guidelines designed
to identify and predict the impact of the proposed LFUG warehouse facility on the biological, geological,
and physical environment, and on health and well being. This chapter also provides a systematic
examination on the consequences of the projects, policies, policies, plans and programs. Thus, this will
determine the potential environmental, social, and health effects of a proposed development and
provides an account of the implications of alternative courses of actions for decision making. The
applicability of an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of the proposed project will be considered if
deemed necessary. An ERA is an evaluation tool for a project or an activity that determines the level of
hazard that it may pose to humans, properties, and to the environment. The succeeding sub-sections
discuss the proponent’s plan o action in mitigating the various impacts on biological, physical, and social
environments.

4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The planning of this project development goes through a process of identifying the needs,
requirements, and standards in design, environmental and building codes and as well as the socio-
economic factors. The necessary documents, clearances and permits including the acquisition of rights
to use the land and environmental compliance certificates are being processed to minimize, if not to
eliminate, hazards. The impact assessment of the construction phase and its mitigation is discussed on
the following subsections.

4.1.1 Biological Environment

There is not much vegetation at the site aside from few trees and some grass areas. Also, there
is no significant wildlife or species that thrive in the area. However, the Davao Gulf is adjacent to the
project site and it would be the drainage system. Wastewater runoff from the project during
construction may go to the Davao Gulf and affect the present ecosystems.

The young canopy trees present in the area don’t have biological importance. Thus the affected
trees will be cleared with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) approval. New
plants and trees will be planted as part of the landscape enhancing design. The wastewater runoff
should only be storm water and water used for plain washing. Black water or effluents, from water
closets and the like, during construction will be drained through a temporary facility that includes
transitory septic tank.

4.1.2 Physical Environment

Land

The proposed project development is a warehouse facility, an industrial type of development

and there are no inconsistencies or possible conflicts with the existing land use and zoning classification.
Since it is located in an environmentally critical area, the proposed project development provides
preventive measures for encroachment. These preventive measures include provision for fencing and
temporary facilities.

Site clearing and excavation will produce construction spoils and solid wastes which would
accumulate as construction debris. These solid wastes will be collected and segregated. Then it will be
sold to the qualified bidder. The remaining construction debris will be hauled and properly disposed by
the construction contractor.

Changes in natural drainage will be mitigated through the construction of storm water drainage
system that will be discharged to the Davao Gulf.

27
Air and Noise

During construction, heavy construction equipments will be used and there will be construction
activities like drilling. Thus, noise levels and ambient concentrations of tiny suspended particles, like
dust, are increased. Also, the use of equipments produces air emissions that are bad for the
environment. These impacts can be mitigated through the perimeter fencing of the construction site to
reduce noise levels, block visual nuisance, and prevents flying shrapnel outside the site. Also, regular
sprinkling of the project site reduces dust generation and regular maintenance of the equipments meets
the standards for air emissions.

Water

The potential environmental impact of water is the domestic wastewater of the construction
working force. The influx of construction personnel and its generation of wastewater and possible
contamination of the coastal area pose an environmental hazard. Mitigation measure, which is already
included in construction, is to provide temporary facilities for workers including installation of moveable
septic tanks. Also as part of the mitigation measures, personnel are to observe water conservation
measures such as repairing leaking pipes, avoiding of unnecessary and excessive use of water, and
preventing contamination of water supply.

4.1.3 Social Environment

The project site is a vacant lot, thus the proposed project development doesn’t have to deal
with displaced settlers during the project implementation. Since the project type is industrial, the
proposed project will not be opened for the public. The perimeter fencing and the natural location of
the site, which is adjacent to the national highway and other industrial developments, will prevent
nearby in-migrations. Thus, there is no attraction of people during the start of project implementation.

The generation of employment will be an impact of the proposed project development,

especially to the nearby residents. This employment opportunity at the start of construction will benefit
local residents, especially the construction workers.

4.2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

This phase starts the period of commissioning. This phase includes general works, repairs, and
routine actions that keeps equipments in good conditions and prevent arising troubles. In general, it’s
the combination of technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision actions
during the start of the occupancy of the proposed project development.

4.2.1 Biological Environment

Landscape design in the proposed project development will enhance the biological
environment. The use of native species that thrive in the area will be most preferable. The proposed
project development’s wastewater and storm water discharge is at the Davao Gulf because coastal
waters provide an unlimited source of coolants and at the same time serve as ideal recipient of
thermally heated cooling water. The three chamber septic tank as private sewage disposal system of
domestic waste is a watertight receptacle, ensuring no seepage will occur that will contaminate the
surrounding environment.

4.2.2 Physical Environment

Land

The increased solid waste generated will come from offices and some spoils from repair works.
Solid wastes will be collected and segregated. Then it will be stored until enough volume is gathered.

28
After which, it will be sold to the qualified bidder. Remaining solid waste such as organic matters will be
disposed correctly. Any solid waste disposal will conform to the solid waste management act or RA
9003.

Air and Noise

There will be no other air emissions other than the occasional use of generator set during power
interruptions. During these occasions, increase noise level will be experience. Also, the use of storage
equipments increases the noise level of the area. The mitigating measures provided will be regular
maintenance of generator set so that air emissions will be acceptable to the DENR standards and the use
of a muffler system to reduce the noise generated from machineries and equipments.

Water

The increased generation of wastewater will come from the offices, storage rooms, watering of
plants, and washing of vehicles such as delivery trucks. Water used for plain washing will be discharge to
the main drainage system, while the wastewater from water closets and the like will be disposed to a
three chamber septic tank

With paved areas such as roads, there will be an increase in surface runoff. Also, there will be
reduced infiltration rates due to impermeable concrete pavements over the ground. As part of the
mitigating process, the drainage system can be improved by providing several area drains and catch
basins.

The water supply will be coming from the Davao City Water District and a deep well will be
constructed to meet the maximum probable demand for water supply. In cases of low water pressure
and no pumps because of power interruptions, an overhead tank is provided.

4.2.3 Social Environment

There are positive impacts at the start and during the commissioning. These include
employment generation and creation of additional resources and income. For cases of influx of
applicants, there should be priority hiring of qualified residents of nearby communities. If there are
materials needed for the operation and/or maintenance, there should be priority purchasing of local
items.

There would also be possible traffic congestion especially when there delivery trucks and an
influx of visitors meet. For such cases, there should be assistance of security guards for
inbound/outbound vehicle in the direction of the traffic. When operating heavy machineries, there is
possible risk to occupational safety. It is imperative to provide personnel protective equipment and
extensive training for personnel in handling and operating equipment.

4.3 ABANDONMENT AND REHABILITATION PHASE

When business losing and its sustenance is not anymore feasible, the whole operation stops and
may cause for abandonment. There are plenty of reasons for abandonment like relocation and
recession. When this time comes, the proposed project development must not be left unaccounted. The
following subsections explain the mitigation of the assessed impacts.

4.3.1 Biological Environment

There will be possible degradation of soil and water quality due to contamination in the
abandonment process. For cases of removal of storage tanks and other equipments, a certified hauler
should remove the fuels, oils, and other liquid substances.

29
4.3.2 Physical Environment

There will be large volume of solid waste generation due to stoppage of works and elimination
of structures. For cases of demolition, collected solid waste will be segregated. The gathered usable
materials will be traded to qualified buyers. The contractor will be responsible for hauling the residuals.
During the demolition process, barriers should be installed to block visual nuisance, minimize noise,
blocks flying shrapnel, and migration of dust. Watering of the project site during demolition will greatly
help reduce the tiny suspended particles in the air. Demolition works will use heavy demolition
equipments and thus may create high noise levels. Installation of noise muffler will reduce the
equipments noise.

4.3.3 Social Environment

The possibility of loss of employment is high at abandonment phase. For cases of business
closure and retrenchment of personnel, the affected personnel will have separation pay and other
necessary compensation. Also if possible, personnel will be transferred to other sites or they will be
retrained or referred to other job vacancies.

4.4 ERA APPLICABILITY

This subsection presents several criteria to determine whether a project is covered or required
to provide an ERA, as indicated in Section II-A of Annex 2-7e of DAO 2003-30. For the proposed Project,
an ERA is ‘not necessary’ since its activities does not qualify within the criteria as indicated in the
Revised Procedural Manual. However, to validate this conclusion, a risk screening level and threshold
and toxicity identification were undertaken, in accordance to the guidelines of DAO 2003-30.

4.4.1 Risk Screening Level

A risk screening level exercise determines if specific facilities or activities use certain processes
that have the potential and/or pose significant risks to people and its surrounding environment such as
listed in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: List of Activities Applicable with an ERA

ERA Applicability
Activities Requiring Risk Screening Exercise
to the Project
1) Facilities for the production/ processing of organic/inorganic chemical using: Not Applicable
Alkylation Esterification Polymerization Distillation
Amination Halogenation Sulphonation Extraction
Carbonylation Hydrogenation Desulphurization Solvation
Condenstation Hydrolysis Nitration Pesticides &
Dehydrogenation Oxidation Phosphorus pharma production
2) Installations for distillation, refining, and other processing of petroleum Not Applicable
products
3) Installations for total or partial disposal of solid or liquid substances by Not Applicable
incineration or chemical decomposition
4) Installations for the production or processing of energy gases (i.e. Not Applicable
LPG,LNG,SNG)
5) Installations for the dry distillation of coal or lignite Not Applicable
6) Installations for the production of metals/non-metals by wet process/electrical Not Applicable
energy
7) Installations for loading and unloading of hazardous materials as defined by RA Not Applicable
6969 (or DAO 29)
CONCLUSION: ERA not applicable

Therefore, a risk screening level for the proposed project is not applicable since it does not
qualify to the items based on Table 4.1.

30
4.4.2 Threshold Inventory

The threshold inventory determines the level of risk of a project based upon the quantity of
explosive, flammable, reactive, and/or toxic substances. Being a storage facility, the proposed project
will not store any explosive, reactive and/or toxic quantities within its support facilities. In fact, most of
the products and materials stored within the proposed Project are safe to handle, which does not
require specialized safety equipment.

The proposed project will make use of small quantities of diesel fuel, which is a ‘flammable’
substance and will be stored in only in three storage drums. The diesel fuel will be utilized for the
project’s standby generator set, especially during occasions of power interruptions. Thus, the amount of
diesel that will be stored and/or used at any given time during Operation phase will not exceed the Level
1 (5,000 tons for diesel) and Level 2 (50,000 tons for diesel) criteria defined in Section II-A of Annex 2-7e
of DAO 2003-30.

In conclusion, the proposed project does not pose any significant threat to the surrounding
environment or population based on the threshold inventory of its fuel requirements. But even with this
assessment, the proponent will still follow basic safety and housekeeping procedures, and emergency
response plans to minimize and/or prevent any untoward incidents (i.e. spills, fires, etc.) that may result
due to improper storage and usage of diesel fuel.

4.5 NATURAL HAZARDS

4.5.1 Flooding

Several portions of Davao City are high-lying and are not susceptible to flooding. The following
figures below shows the flood hazard map and identifies the portions of the city which are flood-prone
and flood-free. The proposed project is located in the area which experiences low flood hazard.
However, emergency responses must be taken into account for possible tidal occurrences since the
Project is near the coastal area.

The flood hazards depicted are the product of

flood simulations using Flo2d, a Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA)-approved flood routing
application software. The inundation maps were
simulated using rainfall delivered by tropical storm
Ondoy on 26 September 2009 over 3 arc second
topography from the Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission (SRTM). The rainfall event is considered as an
extreme event that can generate floods with a 100-
Figure 4.1: Flood Hazard Indicator 150 year return period.

These hazard maps are indicative inundation maps for large flood events and useful only for
knowing where not to be during extremely heavy rainfall. For local governments, these flood hazard
maps can be used for localized emergency response (i.e. evacuation and access routes, road closures,
siting of key rescue facilities) and for urban planning.

31
Figure 4.2: Flood Hazard Map of Davao City

Figure 4.3: Site Vicinity Flood Hazard Map

32
4.5.2 Earthquake

The proposed Project is located, has ‘low seismic hazard risk’ with the Central Mindanao Fault
which extends to Cagayan de Oro. Even so, the proposed Project’s structures shall be made compliant to
the recommendation set by the National Building Code of the Philippines, or otherwise known as
Republic Act No. 6541.

Figure 4.4: Seismic Map: Philippine Islands Region

33
4.6 CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN

During the construction phase of the proposed project, the designated contractor shall
implement and be responsible for its environmental program under the supervision of the proponent.
The designated contractor will be required to provide its own EMP, in accordance to the discussions
mentioned in this report.

The implementation of the Construction Environmental Program shall be part of the scope of
work of the contractor. It shall include programs and techniques that must be implemented throughout
the duration of the construction phase that includes the following:

 Provision of temporary lodging and sanitation for workers, and waste handling/disposal
facilities;
 Silt and sedimentation controls;
 Worker and project site safety programs, including emergency response plans;
 Proper storage and disposal of hazardous wastes (i.e. used oils);
 Reduction/elimination of pollution sources; and
 Proper demobilization procedures.

4.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The proposed project will generate solid wastes due to its Construction, Operations, and
Operation phases. For this reason, the Proponent will initiate strict protocols (i.e. waste segregation and
proper disposal) to minimize the impacts of solid and hazardous wastes.

The Proponent will anchor its solid waste management plan (SWMP) in the concept of the
Waste Hierarchy Scheme. The Waste Hierarchy scheme classifies waste strategies according to the
desirability of handling up to disposal and is commonly referred to the principle of 3R’s- reduce, reuse,
and recycle.

The proposed project’s solid waste management program (SWMP) will aim at the reduction of
solid waste generation and the decrease of the amount of operational costs as a result of handling,
storage, and disposal of solid wastes.

To realize these targets, the proposed project will incorporate the following details to enhance
its SWMP:

 Issuance of a waste segregation (biodegradable and non-biodegradable) policy for contractors

and personnel;
 Scraps and debris during renovation will be properly segregated and sold to traders to avoid
accumulation at the proposed project site;
 Provision of solid waste handling and storage facilities, such as dumpsters, trash cans in
common areas;
 Implementation of a paper usage reduction program in the administration office by re-using
paper for other similar purposes; and
 Schedule solid waste collection to increase efficiency in collection within the facility.

34
4.8 AIR EMISSIONS TREATMENT

Air emissions will come from the construction, hauling and delivery activities of the products
and also generator set operation. In order to reduce the air emissions associated with the proposed
project, the proponent will employ some strategies which include:

 Installation of dust collection facilities to prevent introduction of suspended particles in the air;
 Regular maintenance of standby generators to ensure efficient combustion of diesel fuel
(includes emissions sampling);
 Equipping the generator set with mufflers to lessen noise levels during operation;
 Remind delivery trucks/visitors not to leave parked vehicles on long periods of idling and;
 Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles.

4.9 WATER USAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Water usage for administration and personnel is at an average of 20 cubic meters per day (as
stated in Section 1.4.3). To minimize its operational cost on water utilities, and reduce the impact of its
wastewater generation, the proposed project will incorporate water conservation techniques
throughout its operations. This objective is obtained by observing the following measures:

 Reduction of water consumption by techniques such as low-flush volume toilets, water-saving

faucets and shower heads, waterless urinals, repair leaks, and possible plans on grey water
recycling;
 Regular inspection, and if necessary, de-sludging of the septic tanks;
 Regular water quality monitoring on ground and coastal waters;
 Provision of reminder signs on comfort rooms about the proper water conservation tips;
 Periodic monitoring of water consumption and wastewater effluent and;
 Prevention of disposal of any contaminated liquid or liquid wastes in the drainage system.

4.10 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

As a warehousing facility, the proposed project expects vehicles from purchasers and dealers, as
well as suppliers regularly enter and leave its premises. However, during the Construction and Operation
activities, the proposed project will not have a significant impact in the vehicular flow and pedestrian
traffic, The proponent will implement the following measures to lessen, if not avoid the possibility of
traffic congestion at Pan Philippine Highway:

 Coordination and observance of the Davao City’s traffic rules and regulation (i.e. one/two-way,
parking, etc.);
 All deliveries either inbound or outbound of the facility, will be done during off-peak hours and
at designated delivery hubs located within the facility’s premises to prevent blockage of traffic
flow along public roads;
 Adequate parking space will be provided for vehicles of personnel and guests; and
 Assistance of security personnel in directing traffic of vehicles coming in/out of the facility.

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4.11 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The Proponent will establish a Social Development Program (SDP) which aims to enhance the
proposed project’s relationship towards its host community. The Proponent’s SDP will also allow the
promotion of the proposed Project as a socially-acceptable and environmentally-responsible enterprise
throughout the entire duration of its business in Barangay Tibungco, Davao City.

To realize these objectives, the Proponent may implement the following measures for its SDP, as
listed in Table 4.2

Table 4.2: Social Development Plan Matrix of the Proponent

Responsible
Government
Planned Target Indicative Estimated
Concern and Non-
Activity Beneficiary Timeline Cost
government
Institutions
Employment  DOLE Priority hiring Unemployed  Construction Variable,
 TESDA of qualified citizens of  Operation depending on
 Davao city personnel Davao City and  Abandonment the position
 LGU residing in nearby applied of the
Davao City localities qualified
and its nearby personnel
localities
Environmental  DENR Planting of Barangay  Operation Minimal
Protection  Davao City additional Tibungco
CENRO trees within
the Project’s
vicinity and
nearby
surroundings
Social  DSWD Donation of Affected To be
Awareness  Davao City relief goods families of determined
LGU during times calamities
of severe
calamities in
Davao City

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4.12 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS MANAGEMENT

The proposed project will inevitably create various impacts on the surrounding land, air and water environment and local population throughout its Construction, Facility
Operations, and Abandonment Phases.

Table 4.3 details the summary of the proposed project’s environmental aspects and impacts, with corresponding mitigating and enhancement measures, including responsible
parties and guarantees involved.
Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
13. Construction Generation of Accumulation of  Segregation of usable materials to be Contractor Project LFUG EMP
Phase construction construction debris traded to qualified bidders construction
spoils and solid  Hauling of residuals by the contractor cost
waste
Use of heavy Increase noise levels and  Regular maintenance of the heavy Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP,
constructions carbon and other air equipments construction ECC
equipments emissions  Regular sprinkling of project site to avoid cost: Per diem
dust generation
 Fencing of construction site to reduce
construction noise, block visual nuisance,
and stops flying shrapnel
Influx of Generation of  Construction of temporary facilities for Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP,
construction wastewater and possible worker including installation of moveable construction ECC
personnel contamination of coastal septic tanks cost: lump sum
water  Water conservation measures
Generation of  Prioritize hiring qualified personnel of Contractor Multiple of LFUG and
employment nearby communities direct personnel Contractor’s
expenses contract

37
 Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
14. Facility Use of heavy Increased risk to  Provide Personal Protective Equipment LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
Operation machineries occupational safety  Extensive training for personnel in handling Department operation costs ECC
Phase and operating equipment
Influx of facility Generation of domestic  Regular monitoring of water utilization LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
personnel wastewater  Performance of water conservation Department operation costs ECC
techniques
Employment Generation  Prioritize hiring qualified residents of LFUG Human Multiple of LFUG and
nearby communities Resource direct personnel Employees’
Department expenses Contract
Creation of additional  Prioritize hiring qualified residents of LFUG Per diem plus LFUG Public
sources of income and nearby communities Management reimbursable Relation
livelihood  Prioritize purchasing local items, if expenses Guidelines
applicable within the vicinity
Improvement in basic  Participate in meetings/activities regarding LFUG Per diem plus LFUG Public
social services important social services deliberations Management reimbursable Relation
expenses Guidelines
Influx of delivery Possible traffic congestion  Assistance of security guards for LFUG Security Part of LFUG EMP,
trucks and inbound/outbound vehicles in the direction Department operation costs ECC
visitors of traffic
Occasional use Increase in carbon and  Regular maintenance of the generator set LFUG Engineering Fixed cost per LFUG EMP,
of generator set other air emissions  Installation of a muffler system Department maintenance ECC
 Use of automotive diesel activity
Water used for Possible contamination of  Installation of wastewater treatment facility LFUG Engineering Part of LFUG EMP,
domestic nearby bodies of water  Water conservation measures Department operation costs ECC
purpose and groundwater  Provision for containment barriers and spill
response procedures in case of spills of
fuels and chemicals

38
 Potential
Activity Phase Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Responsibility Cost Guarantee
Environmental Impacts
22. Abandonmen Business closure Loss of employment  Compensation of affected personnel LFUG Human Multiple of Worker Contract
t Phase and  Transfer of personnel to other sites Resource direct personnel Agreement
retrenchment of  Possible retraining or referral to other job Department expenses
personnel vacancies
Generation of Generation of solid waste  Segregation of usable materials to be Contractor Project LFUG EMP
construction and nuisance to nearby traded to qualified bidders Demolition Cost
solid wastes, residents  Hauling of residuals by contractor
dust and noise  Watering of the project site during
during demolition
demolition of  Installation of demolition barriers to block
facility visual nuisance, minimize noise and stops
flying shrapnel and migration of dust
 Installation of noise muffler for heavy
equipments
Removal of Degradation of soil and  Removal of fuels, oils, and other liquid Contractor Part of project LFUG EMP
storage tanks water quality due to substances by a certified hauler demolition cost:
and other contamination Per diem
equipment

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V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 ENVIROMENTAL COMPLIANCE MONITORING

The Environmental Monitoring Plan or EMoP presents the protocol that the Proponent will undertake to ensure and supervise the environmental performance of the
proposed project. This EMoP allows the proponent to monitor, verify, and make the necessary corrective actions on the proposed Project’s various environmental impacts. This
will also present sufficient information with respect to the long-term effects of the proposed Project’s operation on the environmental and will also provide further strategies on
remediation and other clean-up activities.

Table 5.1 details the EMoP of the Proponent during the pre-operation, operation, and abandonment phases of the proposed Project.

Table 5.1: Matrix of the Environmental Monitoring Plan

Parameter to be
Concern Sampling Measurement Plan Responsibility Annual Estimated Cost
Monitored
D. Construction Phase
A1. Construction Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor Part of Construction Costs
spoils and solid items recording
wastes
A2. Hazardous Kgs. (solid), no. Of items Weighing, log-book Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor Part of Construction Costs
wastes recording
containers
A3. Air Quality TSP, PM10, noise High Volume sampler, Once Project Site LFUG Contractor Php 15,000 per sampling
digital sound level
meter
A4. Occupational No. Of safety man- Logbook recoding Daily Project Site LFUG Contractor Minimal
Safety hours/no. Of work-
related accidents
E. Operation Phase
B1. Products Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Daily Project Warehouse LFUG Production/QA Part of Operations Costs
Storage Kgs. (solid) recording Dept.
B2. General Solid Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project’s solid waste LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
wastes items recording handling facility

40
 Parameter to be
Concern Sampling Measurement Plan Responsibility Annual Estimated Cost
Monitored
B3. Hazardous Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Monthly Project’s Hazardous LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
wastes (used oil Kgs. (solid) recording waste storage room
from stand-by
gen set, fluore-
scentbulbs)
B4. Emission NOX, SOX, TSP, PM10 Standard Emission Annually Identified sampling LFUG Engineering dept. Php 10, 000 per sampling activity
quality of testing stations Thru a emissions testing
standby contractor
generator sets
B5. Water usage M3/day Meter readings Daily Project’s water LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
meter
B6. Domestic BOD, COD, TSS, total Grab sampling and Quarterly Effluent discharge LFUG Engineering dept. PhP 5,000 per sampling activity
wastewater and fecal coliforms, ph laboratory analysis pipe Thru an accredited lab
M3/day Meter readings Daily Effluent discharge LFUG Engineering dept. Minimal
pipe
B7. Power kWh/day Meter readings Daily Project Site LFUG Engineering dept. Part of Operations Costs
Consumption
B8. Occupational No. Of safety man- Logbook recoding Daily Project Site LFUG Human resource Minimal
Safety hours/no. Of work- Dept.
related accidents
B9. Public No. Of valid Consultations with the Annually Affected barangay, LFUG Management To be determined
Perception concerns/complaints local residents and nearby residents
officials
F. Abandonment Phase
C1. General Solid Tons/week, no. Of Weighing, log-book Daily/Weekly Project Site LFUG Contractor To be determined
and Hazardous items recording
wastes Liters (liquid) Weighing, log-book Monthly Project Site LFUG Contractor To be determined
Kgs. (solid) recording
C2. Termination No. Of employees Interview and Once LFUG S LFUG Human resource To be determined
of Employees affected consultations Administration Dept.
Office

41
 E
P
A
R
S
IN
T
O
C
YV
5.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Emergencies such as fires, earthquakes, chemical spills, and other accident are unforeseen
events that are caused by natural forces and circumstances that may result to negative effects to people
and property and the environment.

Fires are immediate concerns for the proposed Project, which can be caused by equipment
failure or personnel negligence (i.e. short-circuited electrical connections, overheated equipment, etc.).
Earthquakes are also potentials threats to the facility because of the presence of faults, and possibly
typhoons.

For this reason, the proponent will devise and implement Emergency Response Plan (ERPs) to
avert or decrease the likelihood of accidents from occurring. It will also provide appropriate strategies in
response to critical situations, which will minimize the loss of life and property, and finally, on doing the
necessary recovery efforts should an emergency does happen. To further minimize the threat of
accidents, prevention of potential causes of injuries and fatalities is one of the best approaches. This is
done by carefully analyzing the aspects/activities of the proposed Project that have considerable
threats, and applying corrective measures to reduce risks.

This principle is summarized in Figure 5.1, or the Emergency Response Plan diagram, and further
discussed in Table 5.2.

PREPAREDNESS- is the development of actual action plans should an emergency happens, and
elimination or avoidance of hazards from happening or occurring

RESPONSE- is the evaluation of plans and procedures during an actual emergency event

RECOVERY-is the retrieval of important assets and restoration of the site prior to the emergency.

Figure 5.1: Emergency Response Plan Schematic Diagram

42
Table 5.2: Emergency Response Procedures for Different Scenarios
Preparation Response Recovery
A. Fire
 Orientation and training of  Personnel are advised not to  Avoid returning to the fire
personnel on fire safety panic to prevent further scene, as long as necessary,
 Conduct regular fire drills injuries. unless declared for safe
 Installation and regular  Personnel are advised to entry
testing of fire-fighting follow emergency  Check personnel and find
devices (i.e. fire hoses, fire evacuation procedures out if there are injuries or
extinguishers, smoke  Report immediately trapped/injured person that
detectors, sprinkler system)  Any presence of smoke, need assistance
 Regular inspection of sparks, or open-flamed to  Report any important
electrical equipment and authorized Personnel incidents that require
lines, and replacement as  If the fire can still be immediate attention
necessary, for any defects or contained, use fire  Secure important items and
malfunctions extinguishers immediately equipments from
 Proper storage of all  Disconnect electrical or fuel unauthorized accessed from
flammable items in secure connections, and shut-down outsiders, after the building
and proper containers and all affected equipment is declared safe for re-entry
storage facilities  If possible, remove all  If the fire damaged is
 Implementation of a “:no- flammable materials from minimal, or facility is
smoking” policy in the entire the fire scene to avoid recoverable, make necessary
building further contact corrective measures to
 Placement of numbers and  For responders, wear the prevent the accident from
communication equipments proper fire protection attire re-occurring.
in conspicuous areas for (i.e. fire suit, boots,
easier notification breathing apparatus)
 Emergency exits and  Avoid using or pouring water
evacuation procedures shall over fuel or alcohol fires and
be put in place, and kept electrical fires.
free from any obstructions
 Regular maintenance of fuel
tanks, piping, valves, and
other related equipment
B. Earthquakes
 Make necessary  Personnel are advised not to  If there are no threats of
preparations, which includes panic to prevent further aftershocks, check other
equipment and facility injuries. personnel that may be
checks to prevent injuries in  Personnel are advised to trapped, injured, or needs
an event of an earthquake protect themselves by further assistance
 All loose items must be getting under sturdy  Avoid returning to the
secured to prevent falling structures facility if it is deemed
 Placement of heavy  Personnel are advised to structurally unstable, or
materials near the ground stay away from sharp, declared unsafe
 Storage of flammable items flammable or heavy items  Conduct thorough inspection
in designated safe areas  Personnel are advised to of the facility’s premises for
 Personnel/tenants are prepare immediate any unusual cracks/gaps in
familiarized to safe evacuation of the facility if the grounds/walls
locations, emergency necessary  Check for possible fires and
response equipment and  All gas and electric advice authorities for
evacuation routes equipment are shut down appropriate response
 Secure important items and
equipments from
unauthorized accessed from
outsiders, after the building
is declared safe for re-entry
 Inspect the facility for any
major structural defects,

43
 cracks, and unstable items,
and other potential hazards
 If the earthquake damage is
minimal, make necessary
corrective measures to
prevent the further hazards
from affecting personnel and
property.
C. Typhoons
 Provision of sturdy roofing  Personnel are advised to  Inspect the facility for any
materials to minimize the protect themselves by major structural defects,
effects of strong winds getting under sturdy cracks, and unstable items,
 Prior to the incoming storm structures and other potential hazards
secure all loose items (i.e.  Personnel are advised to  If necessary, repair broken
roofs, loose planks, and stay away from items that power lines, & utilities lines
other light materials) by may be blown away by  Secure important items and
adding extra guy wires or strong winds and electrical equipments from
reinforcing materials mains unauthorized accessed from
 Remove obstruction to the  Continuous monitoring of outsiders, after the building
drainage system the weather conditions is declared safe for re-entry
D. Occupational Hazards
 Formation of emergency  Report immediately  Perform corrective measures
response teams for each accidents, especially those on equipment and
department considered life-threatening procedures
 Provision of first-aid kits and  Immediate application of  Provision of additional safety
emergency equipment on first-aid procedures, equipment, and
critical workstations  Removal of the affected training
 Training of personnel on personnel on the accidents
proper equipment handling site
and other safety practices  Bring the affected personnel
 Posting of safety reminders to the nearest first aid
on workstations station or hospital if
 Provision of safety features necessary
such as adequate lighting,
guide rails, and safety
signage

5.3 ABANDONMENT PLAN

The Proponent will locate sufficient time and available resources if abandonment of the Project
is necessary, as stated in Section 1.5.3 depending on the nature or reasons for abandonment, the
buildings, equipments, and other related facilities may not be necessarily demolished or removed from
the site since some of this can be useful for other application. Otherwise, proper dismantling, removal,
or transportation of the structures, equipment and machineries from the existing site will be conducted
to minimize possible or further threats to the surrounding environment. Other activities that will be
done during this episode are:

 Advice and properly compensate all affected personnel;

 Secure necessary government clearances related to abandoning existing projects (including
Request to Relief the ECC conditions from the Proponent);
 Removal of solid, liquid, and hazardous wastes within the site through a DENR-certified waste
transporter/treater; and
 Clean-up and possible remediation of the site, if future evaluations and testing suggest such
activity is applicable.

44
5.4 INSTITUTIONAL PLAN

The institutional organization of LFUG is shown in Figure 9-1. The objective of the organization is to
achieve the following:

 Economical and safe operations and maintenance of the proposed projects components;
 Implementation of company safety and policies;
 Ensure environmental compliance; and
 Promote and enhance the social acceptability of the proposed Project

The institutional organization will involve the Proponent’s top level management to ensure
provision of corporate direction and policies. The policies shall be disseminated to the section heads and
company personnel for implementation and compliance.

The Proponent will also establish a partnership with relevant government agencies, various
stakeholders, and the local host community in relation to the proposed Project. This partnership is
necessary to maintain a transparent and positive relationship for the proposed Project and its
stakeholders and to ensure that environmental protection and measures are complied with

The possible stakeholders of the Project are identified as the following institutions/ organizations:

 LGU of Barangay Tibungco;

 City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) of Davao City;
 DENR-EMB Southern Mindanao (R11);
 Other concerned non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Figure 5.2: Organizational Chart for the Institutional Plan

45
REFERENCES
1. Davao City Official Website. http://www.davaocity.gov.ph/about/geography.htm

2. Davao Gulf Management Council Website.

http://davaogulfmanagementcouncil.org/overview.html
http://davaogulfmanagementcouncil.org/enr.html
http://davaogulfmanagementcouncil.org/enr.html

3. WWF-Philippines/KKP. 1999c. Sulu-Sulawesi Biophysical Assessment Report: Meterology

Component. A report submitted by E. Anglo to the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Conservation
Program Development (SSMECPD), WWFPhilippines. 14 pp.

4. WWF-Philippines/KKP. 1999d. Sulu-Sulawesi Biophysical Assessment Report: Oceanogrphy

Component. A report submitted by E. Anglo to the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Conservation
Program Development (SSMECPD), WWFPhilippines. 25 pp.

5. WWF-Philippines/KKP. 1999f. Sulu-Sulawesi Biophysical Assessment Report: Geology

Component. A report submitted by E. Bate to the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Conservation
Program Development (SSMECPD), WWF-Philippines. 24 pp.

6. White, A. and A. Cruz-Trinidad. 1998. The values of coastal resources: Why protection and
management are critical. Coastal Resources Management Project, Cebu City, Philippines. 96 pp.

7. Viles, H. and T. Spencer, 1995. Coastal Problems: Geomorphology, ecology and society at the
coast. Edward Arnold. Great Britain.

8. Solis, J.G. 2009. Tidal phenomenon/Ocean dynamics. Infomapper: The National Surveys,
Mapping and Resource Information Technology Quarterly. Vol. II, no.1. p.11.

9. SEASTEMS, Inc. 1998c. Preliminary Environmental Characterization of the Philippine Territory of

the Sulu-Sulawesi Region. 109 pp.

10. Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). 2011. Philippine Environmental Report 2005-2010.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Davao City.

11. Fisheries Sector Program (FSP). (undated) a. Resource and Ecological Assessment(REA) in Davao
Gulf. FSP, Bureau of Agricultural Resources (BAR).

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