Counseling Filipino: Virgilio Enriquez

Six stages of Intervention

Among Filipinos:
- Most common accommodation is respect for elders
- There is a concept of “IBANG TAO” (CIVILITY applies) and HINDI IBANG
TAO (Non-burden)
- Only aims to gain mutual trust and rapport
- Counselors must remember to maintain objectivity whereas flexibility and
objectivity must not be compromised
- The goal is not “pakikisama” but “pakikiisa” – adjusting is not the targeted result
but oneness with substantial trust.
2. Focusing – Pagtutuon (Central Event) – this is the technique of zeroing into an issue, an
aspect of the person, a concern vital to the healing of the person or relationship
A. Talk about the past and recent events in the clients’ life
- Pagbabalangkas ng mga pangyayari sa buhay
B. Assist the client to understand his/her underlying issues through description
- Tulungan ang pasyenteng intindihin and mga problema gamit ang pagsasalarawan
C. Allow the client to confirm your comprehension of his/her situation
- Paghingi ng kompormasyon ng pagpapatutoo sa iyong mga sinasabi
MISCONCEPTION
- Focusing is sorting out available material, either shared by the client or observed
by the therapist, and highlighting and targeting what is felt to be
significant/crucial/vital
AMONG FILIPINOS
- Sharing is especially difficult since their way of communication is mostly indirect
- Reasons:
 To avoid offending others
 To save one’s face (amor propio)
 Regard for social acceptance
3. Probing the Depths
- Paghawi at paghinga (Feelings)
- Despite focusing on the central event that brought the distress or central issue, the
underlying problem still needs to be identified
A. Understand the clients’ feeling and encourage through venting.
 - Alamin ang naimbak na dinaramdam at magbigay ng kunting pag-alwas mula sa
paghinga ng mga naipit na damdamin.
B. Explore the clients’ emotions and allow him to open up as well as clarify his
feelings
- Magtanong at hayaan mabuksan, linawin, at tiyakin ang mga dinarama ng kliente.

AMONG FILIPINOS
- The concern for the preservation of acceptance by others filters the manner in
which Filipinos express their feelings
- Alala – Tampo – Sama ng Loob – Hinanakit – Inis – Galit
4. Exploring the options
- Tanaw sa mga sinag sa dulo ng yungib (solutions)
A. Construct ways on how the client deal with the situation, to problem-solve, to
functionally react and deal with emotions, to plan out to avoid problems.
- Tulungan ang kliente kung paano humarap sa problema, kung paano makabangun
sa isang sitwasyon o ikinakasakit ng kalooban, at pagbabalangkas at paghanay ng
makatunay na kalutasan.

AMONG FILIPINOS
- Cultural blocks:
 “Bahala na” mentality (negative)
 “Kapit sa patalim” course of action
5. Securing Resources – Pagpulot at Pagbubuo (Game Plan)
- Requires seeking and looking in on considered resources
A. Search for who and what can help the client in coping
 Maghanap ng maaaring makatulong sa pamamaraang paglutas na pinili
B. Construct ways to help the client calm himself/herself down and reach a
resolution of peaceful mind.
 Bumuo ng paraan na makatulong magpakalma at maaaring magdulot ng
kapanatagan

AMONG FILIPINOS:
- Personal Resources
A. Inner resources – faith, life, prayers, previous experience and ways of coping,
material things, persons, groups with personal access or connection to client
and more important to Filipinos than Institutional Resources
B. Institutional Resources – brilliant mind, wisdom and rationality
6. Identifying the opportune time for starting
- Pagtaning sa pag-usad (TIME)
- Awareness must be achieved to make way for a speedy resolution of their
problems
A. Ensure that both the mind and the heart of the client is ready to adapt to
change
 Siguraduhing ang pag-iisip at ang puso ng kliente ay handa na humarap sa
isang pagbabago.
** Although time consuming, the six stages of intervention is designed to give a counselor an
upper hand in assisting a client towards his progress.

INDIGENOUS THERAPIES
- Started in some schools in Manila in the 1920s
- Ability to connect with their client because they employ concepts, methods and
techniques
- Based on Carl Roger’s client centered counseling
- Uses behavioral strategies such as behavior modification, reinforcement and
conditioning
- Basic procedure for guidance & counseling – preliminary interview and post
interview.
FORMS OF INDIGENOUS THERAPIES:
1. “SALDET-SAET”
- Ilocano term – prominent trait of the Ilocanos as being hard working
OBJECTIVES:
 To help solve problems related to poverty
 Help channel negative emotions into something that becomes productive.
 Help organize thoughts and mindset in achieving predetermined goals
2. “MEKENI-LIKHA” THERAPY
- Kapampangan word meaning “come” and likha, Filipino word meaning “to
create”
- Therapy for all the victims of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
OBJECTIVES:
 To develop positive outlook and minimize trauma through crisis and social
interventions in the form of drama, role play and being creative.
3. MAALWAN THERAPY
- Focuses on three positive traits from the Visayan people
- Meaning malambing, mapagmahal and mapagbigay
A. MALAMBING
- Utilizes power of touch coupled with gentleness, softness, well-modulated voice
and positive reaction when dealing with children.
B. MAPAGMAHAL
- Effective tool to get someone’s attention, sympathy and trust
C. MAPAGBIGAY
- We give without expecting anything in return
4. LAMBILOS THERAPY
- Stands for LAMBING, BIRO and HAPLOS