Introduction to

Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Database Management Data & Information

System 1 Limitations of
File-Processing
Systems

Introduction to Database System Database

DBMS

Database Types

Advantages of
Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan
School of Computer Engineering,
KIIT University
1.1
 Introduction to
Data & Information Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Data & Information

Limitations of
File-Processing
Systems
Data & Information
Database

• Data DBMS

Database Types
• Raw facts, unprocessed facts
Advantages of
• Refers to what is actually stored Database System

• Information
• Result of processing raw data
• Refers to meaning of the data, understood by the user

Data management focuses on the generation, storage &

retrieval of data

1.2
 Introduction to
Limitations of File-Processing Systems Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Limitations of File-Processing Systems

Data & Information

• Redundancy problem Limitations of

File-Processing
Systems
• Repetitive data
Database
• Data-inconsistency problem DBMS
• Incorrectness of data Database Types

• Lack of data integration Advantages of

Database System
• Complex and time consuming

1.3
 Introduction to
Database Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan
Database

• Database is a collection of interrelated data Data & Information

• Database is a shared, integrated computer structure that Limitations of

File-Processing
stores: Systems

• End- user data: raw facts of interest to the end-user Database

DBMS
• Meta data: through which the end-user data are integrated
Database Types
& managed. The metadata provides a description of the
Advantages of
data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the Database System

data found within the database

• Database is an organized collection of data of an
organization or enterprise

1.4
 Introduction to
DBMS Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan
DBMS

• DBMS (Database Management System) is a collection of Data & Information

programs that manages structure & controls access to the Limitations of

File-Processing
data stored in the database Systems

Database
• It includes tools to add, modify or delete data from the
DBMS
database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored Database Types
in the database and produce reports Advantages of
Database System
• DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user & the
database

1.5
 Introduction to
Database Types Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan
Database Types

• Depending on the number of users accessing the Data & Information

database, a database system may be classified as: Limitations of

File-Processing
• Single-user database system: It supports only one user at Systems

a time. When a single-user database runs on a personal Database

computer, it is also called a desktop database system DBMS

• Multi-user database system: It supports multiple users at Database Types

the same time. When a multi-user database supports Advantages of

Database System
relatively small number of users, it is called as a workgroup
database system. If the database is used by many users
across globe, it is known as enterprise database system
• Depending on the location of the database, a database
system may be classified as:
• Centralized database system: It supports data located at
a single site or single place
• Distributed database system: It supports data distributed
across several different sites. Here, the same database can
be replicated and stored in another computer so that when
ever the original server goes down; the data can be
available to the user from the replicated data from other
servers 1.6
 Introduction to
Advantages of Database System Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Advantages of Database System

Data & Information
A database system is comprised of a database, DBMS Limitations of
File-Processing
software and appropriate hardware Systems

• Controlling Redundancy & Inconsistency : ensures the Database

DBMS
consistency of data and saves storage space
Database Types

Advantages of
• Allows Data Sharing: allows data to be shared among Database System

different users located at different locations

• Restricting Unauthorized Access: controls the type of data

access

• Providing Storage Structures for efficient query

processing: provides capabilities for efficiently executing
queries and updates. It must provide specialized data
structures to speed up disk search for the desired record

1.7
 Introduction to
Advantages of Database System... Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Advantages of Database System...

Data & Information

Limitations of
• Providing Backup & Recovery : provides facilities for File-Processing
Systems
recovery from hardware or software failures Database

DBMS

• Providing multiple user interfaces: provides a variety of Database Types

user interfaces Advantages of

Database System

• Enforcing Integrity Constraints: provides capabilities for

defining and enforcing database constraints

• Solving data isolation: each user transaction is isolated

from other’s transaction on the same critical data

• Providing economies of scaling: easily scalable to any

number of records/users

1.8