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CIVL2360 Cheat Sheet

Reinforced Concrete Structures & Concrete Technology (University of Queensland)

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 
(mm
Area
(mm2)
Fc’
(MPa
2 1 Fd .ef =( 1+ k cs ) G+ ( φ s +k cs φ l ) Q *Option 2: assume compression steel hasn’t yielded,
complete design, check assumptions Ast yield Asc not,
) ) (8.5.4), 5 revise if not

[ ]
1

( )
10 80 20 .82 .92 .94 Approach to Problem: assume Asc hasn’t yielded and
∆ 3
Ast has, calculate Mu from Ast, check strain, calculate
12 110 25 . . . × 1000× Ec
8125 9075 925 Calc Lef Lef from T Cs and Cc, T=C to solve for ku, find kud and check sc,
16 200 32 .802 .89 . ≤ use Cc and Cs to find Mu
904 d F d . ef Shear Design
20 310 40 .79 .87 .88
9.4.4.1, 6 if Lef/d is greater then it doesn’t comply, 7 Equations in 8.2, Veq* = V* is design shear strength, if
24 450 50 .775 .845 .85 calc Ast.tr, Veq* > Vu beam will fail in shear, torsion can be
8 calc IG and dn, 9 calc 1st moment of area to find kd ignored, d0=distance from compression face to
28 620 65 . . .
(depth of N.A on cracked section), 10 calc Icr, 11 Calc bottom layer of tensile reo, dv=greater of .72D and .
7525 8075 805
2 9d,  from 2.2.2 =.75, Vu=Vuc+Vus+P, ignore P always,
32 800 80 .73 .77 .76
Ms × L VUC 8.2.4, VUS 8.2.5,
36 1015 100 .7 .72 .7 Ms=G+.7Q, 12 calc M ¿s= , 13 calc
cot θv
** .85 1 .72
8 V u .max =f 'c b v d v , bv=beff,
p, 14 calc cs, 15 Calc fct.f, 16 Calc Mcr, 17 Calc
Beams-Serviceability:
Ieff.max=.6I, 18 Calc Ieff (if greater than max it does not
1+cot θv 2
f 'ct . f =.6 √ f 'c σ cr =f 'ct. f −σ cs stress comply), 19 Calc Veq<Vu.max, V UC =k v b v d v √ f 'c , assume
4
due to shrinkage
5 F ×L v=36 , if Asv<Asv.min
o

δ max= × d .ef
( )
2 , 20 if
I WL 200
M cr =σ cr × BM max = ,W mus 384 Ec × I k v= ≤1.0 if not k =.15,
y 8 δ ∆ 1000+1.3 d v
v

Primarily used load case is 1.2G+1.5Q, G=dead, > it doesn’t comply

A sv A sv .min
Q=live Lef Lef
**beams carry no tension in concrete when cracked
> , if compressive zone is
**when uncracked, strains = and stresses different
Designing Beams for Flexure: s s
Equivalent stress block in 8.1 cracked don’t use VUC,
E *Balanced Design: c=.003, kud=dn, st=.0025,
dv
n= s , E is always 200x10
s
3
MPa, '
C=α 2 f c bγ k u d , T=Astfsy, distance from V us= A sv f sy . f cos θ v for ⊥ shear reo
Ec s
σ st =n × σ c 1 , critical point length dv from edge of support,
top to C is γk d , concrete yielded stress &
Get Ec from table 3.1.2 2 u *Design Approach: if Veq* < Vu.max then section is too
Steps for problem: 1 find n, 2 create transformed area force are constant, KU=.545 A sv. min .08 √ f 'c bv
of steel Ast.tr=(n-1)Ast, 3 calculate 1st moment of area *Under Reinforced Design: aim for, c=.003, kud=dn, small, Calc = (8.2.1.7),
to find N.A. dn , 4 calculate st>.0025, C and T eq=balanced, ku<.545, Ast<bal s f sy . f
3 *Over Reinforced: c=.003, kud=dn, st<.0025, st<fsy, C Calc VUC(8.2.4), if V*<VUC no shear reo unless
bD
IG = +bD (.5 D−d n )2+ A st .tr ( d− is the same but T =A st ε st Es , ku>.545, (8.2.1.6), Calc VUS (8.2.5), R*=.5L*W, V*=R*-(dv+(half
12 Ast>Abal width of support)*W
where b=width D=depth and d=depth to centerline of *Example: calculate R* and dv and use to get V*, can
2 and  come from 8.1.3
A st *Approach to problem: calculate Vumax, can get Vuc max shear spacing is lesser
steel, 5 calculate cr, 6 calculate pw = May have to use similar triangles to get kud/dn, can of 300 and .5D, use equation for Vus to solve for s, this
b×d set C and T equal to one another to solve for missing is shear longitudinal spacing
and pcw=0 w/ no reo in compression zone, 7 calculate Detailing of Beams and Slabs
variables, Mu=Tz=Cz, z=d−.5 γ k u d , use
2 bD Tension reo needs development length,
t n= , 8 solve lin. Interpolation from table 2.2.2 for  (bending w/o axial tension or
.5 k 1 k 3 f sy d b
2 (b+d ) compression), for N class reo
Lsy .tb = ≥.058 f sy k 1 d b
k 2 √ f 'c
T3.1.7.2 (ex.
590−470 ε ss −470
=
400−200 400−t n
for
(
.65 ≤ 1.24−
13 k uo
12
≤ .85, k u< .36 ) , values of ks from 13.1.2, dev. Length in comp.
.22 f sy
f’c= 32MPa in arid environment), 9 calculate **Practical Design(find Ast): find W load on structure,
Lsy .cb = ≥ .0435 f sy d b∨200(greater
2.5 ρw − pcw calc M* (WL2/8), assume U/R and ku<.36 and =.85,
σ cs = × Es × ε ss , 10 Mu=Mu*, use C and T to find ku, estimate z at .9d, √f '
c
1+50 pw then estimate Ast, find # and bar size to fulfill, make , splicing reo requirements in 13.2, load from bottom
calculate cr, 11 calculate Mcr where y=dn, 12 if sure spacing is at least 50mm, check capacity to make requires hanging reinforcement, shear for continuous
M*s>Mcr. then the section is cracked, when the section sure assumption ok , Mu*>M* beam in 11.1.3, section 8 contains various detailing
is cracked ignore the concrete in tension(don’t use n- T Beams and L Beams info
1 just n) repeat all steps Effective width of flange in 8.8.2 *when curtailing get rid of center top beams first and
Deflections: beff .t =bw +.2 a then outside top beams, use shifting moment
Cover requirements from T4.3 and T4.10.3.3 diagram distance between is docot(v), plot moment
Allowable deflections in 2.3.2 beff .l=b w +.1 a , a=L simple .7 L conti of arrangement horizontally where it meets the
Equations for deflections in 8.5 If ku<tf uniform compression, if not there are 2 shifted diagram is when it becomes not enough,
Deem to comply requirements in 9.3 (slabs) compression forces Cweb is a normal compression overlap is the development length
Capacity reduction factors from T2.2.2 tf *detailing at supports: 8.3.1.1 tension zone, point of
I cr force and C os =α 2 f 'c t f ( b ef −bw ) @ contraflexure is when tension switches from top to
I eff = 2 bottom, third of reo used at peak needs to extend to

( )( )
2 POC, 8.3.1.3 anchorage detailing
I cr M cr. t T=C, solve like a regular flexural problem except
Slabs
1− 1− possibly with both compression forces
I M ¿s Compression Reinforcement Fundamental requirements in 9.3 and 9.4, one way
Only used when ku>.36, assume Ast has yielded slab treated as beam, two way slab treated different
Steps for problem: 1 calculate Ast per m width of slab, *Two Way Slabs: use Hillerborg Strip Method,
*Option 1: assume compression steel yielded,
2 calc d, find deflection limitation from T2.3.2, 4 calc diagrams shown for design options, section 6.9 and
complete design, check that Asc and Ast have yielded,
load
revise if not

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interaction curves, calculate Mux and Muy, apply ¿

( )
6.10, with support on 4 sides
¿
M1
M x, y =β x , y Fd L
2
x
interaction formula and check
Columns Structural Design
k m =.6−.4 ¿ ≥ .4
, 10.3.1 for single
Where B comes from 6.10.3.2 M2
Short/slender if (braced)
.25a=quarter of shortest side curvature and add for double
Columns:
Strain is uniform .0025, N* is point through which its
loaded, squash load
'
N uo=α 1 f c A g + A s f sy
Le
r
≤ 25∧α c 38−

Le
15(
f 'c M
1+ 1 α c =
M2 )( ) √ *Design BM (Braced):

M ¿=δ b M ¿ , δ b =
km
N¿
≥ 1.0
, unb <22 1−
*How to find plastic centroid: define x and y axes, r Nc
calculate squash load, take moments of individual (Unbraced)
*Moment Magnifier:
bars and concrete forces about x and y to get Mx and
a π EI
2 1
My, ep and eq are location of PC, ep,q=My,x/Nuo,
M max=δM , δ = , N C= δ s= ≤ 1.5∨change
M*=N*ex, loading = N*+Mx*+My*
N L2 ΣN¿
*Interaction Diagram: 4 points (squash, 1− 1−
decompression, balance, and pure bending) 1. Use NC ΣNc

()
formula above, 2. Find each strain with similar , for pin ended w/equal end eccentricities I
triangles, sum strain force (area x height x bar
*Lateral Deflection M i=EIk , EI bending
Σ
number) and compression force, then sum moments, L c
3. Use triangles to get strains, get tension force and stiffness, k curvature, for slender pin ended column *End Fixity: L =kL , γ =
e u ,  from
compression forces in steel and concrete, Nu=force in *Buckling Load, biaxial bending formula
Σ
βI
( )
( )[ ]
concrete, Mu is sum of moments, 4. Normal flexural
π2 182 d o ( ϕM c ) L b
design** must include capacity reduction factor, if N c= 2
, M c =M ub 10.5.4, rx=.3D from 10.5.5. Le=kLu
Nu>Nub = .65 otherwise .60 Le 1+β d *Is column cross section adequate: determine
Biaxial Bending
with ku=.545 and =.65 (10.4.4) interaction diagram for axial load and uniaxial
Interaction surface:
*Unequal End Moments bending about both the x and y axis, establish Mux

( ) ( )
αn αn
Mx My and Muy from diagrams, check slenderness about
+ ≤1 , M ¿eq=.5 ( M ¿1 +M ¿2 ) for M2> each axis, if slender calculate moment magnifiers,
ϕM ux ϕM uy

( ( ))
recalculate load case with magnifiers, apply
M ¿1 ¿ interaction formula
N¿ k m M 2¿
( )
α n=.7+1.7
N uo
, =.65, calculate
¿ .5+.5
M2
¿ M2 , for

Flexural beam design similar triangles to find ku or strain for T beam w/N.A in web slab w ratio <2:1

Slab w ratio >2:1 opt A for 3 side support diagrams for opt A

Diagrams for opt A option B w/strongband diagram for B left is double curvature, right single

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