Explosive Awareness Level 1

Schlumberger has strict

operating and safety procedures
concerning the use of
explosives. Any deviation from
these procedures will leave you
dead or fired.
 Objectives
• Principles of Explosives
• Safety
• Field Safety Procedures
• Wellsite Preparations
• HOTCHECKS
• Unit Preparation
• Procedure for attaching any explosive device
• Armingg Explosive
p device
• Procedures while in hole
• Rig down of equipment
• Explosives Storage
• Explosives Handling
• Useful Links
 Principle
p Of Explosives
p

Schlumberger divides chemical explosives into three main categories: flammable solids, low explosives or
deflagrating, and high explosives or detonating. They differ by orders of magnitude in reaction rate and in
the pressures which are developed. The break down of the classifications are shown in the "Chemical
Explosives" diagram
diagram.
 Flammable Solids
Functionality
y Used in p
plug
g and p
packer setting
g tools.

Initiation Ignited by exposure to heat or flame.

Schlumberger Baker power charges and Titan setting

Examples tool charges.

Examples of Potassium Nitrate and Epoxied

I t
Internal
l C b
Carbazole.
l
Materials
 Low Explosives
p
Functionality
y Used in setting
g tool igniters,
g , CST
guns, and chemical cutters.
Initiation Ignited by exposure to heat or flame.

Schlumberger CPST igniter, Schlumberger Superset

Examples power charges, CST igniter needles,
and
d CST powderd charges.
h

Examples of American high temperature powder

I t
Internal
l and
d bl
black
k powder.
d
Materials
 High
g Explosives
p

High explosives detonate rather than burn

burn. The
chemical reaction takes place within a shock wave
front moving through the explosive at supersonic
velocities
l iti (1(1-6
6 miles/second)
il / d) which
hi h gives
i rise
i tto a
short duration pressure pulse in the order of 50,000 to
4,000,000 psi. High explosives are subdivided into two
categories according to the method which is normally
used to detonate them.
 Primaryy High
g Explosives
p
Functionality Used for "detonating" the secondary
explosives
l i iin perforating
f ti guns, etc….
t
Initiation Detonated by a hot wire or flame.

Schlumberger Electric and non-electric detonators,

Examples Nobel detonators, fluid desensitized
detonators.

Examples of Lead Azide, Lead Styphnate, Lead

Internal Trinitroresorcinate
Trinitroresorcinate.
Materials
Primary High Explosives (Cont
(Cont.))
Here are two examples
p
of hot wire detonators.
They both contain Lead
Azide and are very
sensitive to shock.
Note: The lead wires to the detonators must be shunted
together at ALL TIMES, unless in the safety tube or electrically
connected to the gun.
 Secondaryy High
g Explosives
p
Functionality
y Used in p
perforating
ggguns,, tubing
g
punchers, and explosive cutters
Initiation Detonated byy a high
g energy
gy shock
wave.
Schlumberger Shaped charges, cutting tool pellets,
Examples detonating cords
cords, and boosters
boosters.

Examples of PETN, RDX, HMX, & HNS.

Internal
Materials
Secondary High Explosives (cont
(cont.))

We can see here an

Enerjet gun, the
i di id l charges
individual h can
clearly be seen and the
detonatingg cord can be
seen running between
the charges.
Schlumberger Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP)
-Please review the copy
that will come with this
presentation.

- It is also mandatoryy
that this placard is
posted inside all logging
units.

- By clicking on the
Explosives Placard, you
will be linked to InTouch
where the current SOP
can be downloaded.
You will also find SOPs
in many other
languages.
 Break down of the SOP
• Field Safety Procedures
• Definitions
• Wellsite Preparations
• HOTCHECKS
• Unit Preparation
• Procedure for attaching any explosive device
• Arming Explosive device
• Procedures while in hole
• Rig down of equipment
The next set of slides goes through the
Schlumberger Wellsite Safety Procedures
(Explosives Placard). You need to understand the
these procedures completely
completely.
 Definitions
• Arming:
• The act of making an explosive device or
explosive system capable of initiation
• Electrical Arming:
g
• Connecting the lead wires from the Detonator
to the gun wires.
• Ballistic
B lli i A Arming:
i
• Connecting the Detonator to the Detonating
Cord
• Detonate:
• To cause a supersonic chemical reaction within
an explosive
 Meeting the Client and Safety
M ti
Meeting
9Meet the Client
9 t bli h presence
9establish
9verify job
9confirm
confirm procedures
9Check For Hazards
9inspect site
9check for transmission towers, etc.
9Hold SPOT Safety Meeting
9i l d client
9include li t and
d all
ll other
th affected
ff t d personnell
9No smoking except in designated areas.
 Stray Voltage: Precautions

9Check Rig Wiring near

Cable.

9Stop all welding.

9Positively ground the

generator skid to the
truck/barge on water
operation.

9Turn off Cathodic Protection.

 Stray Voltage Checks and
Prevention
9 1. Check for high Stray Voltage
9 Safety multimeter: casing
casing-to-rig-to-
to rig to
cable armor
92. Install Casing-to-Rig Voltage Monitor
9test before using
9ensure p
positive connection of clamps
p
9ensure less than 0.25 VAC - VDC residual voltage

9 3.
3 IInstallll G
Grounding
di S Straps
9Casing-to-rig-to-unit
9ensure p
positive connection
Ground Strap/Voltage Monitor
Setup
Set p

Scrape
Paint
Casing-to-Rig
Voltage Monitor
Ground
3 bolts welded to
winch frame FIRST
<0.25 VAC - DC
0 25 V AC
<0.25 AC-DC
DC
Logging
Unit
Grounding Straps
Scrape
Paint
9 Install Casing-to-Rig Voltage Monitor.

9 Install Grounding straps. Casing

SECOND
Danger Explosives

9An explosive sign must be

place close to your work area.

9Other signs must place at all

entrances to the wellsite.

9 The signs show that all two

way radios and phones MUST
be turned off.
 Radio Frequency: Concerns

9Deactivate
9D ti t ALL radiodi ttransmitters
itt
(radio, cellular, radar, RF wireless
networks driving monitors
networks, monitors, etc
etc.)) within
30 ft [9 m].

9All transmitters (such as radio and TV

stations) greater than 200 watts and
within 1 mile [1.6 km] of the well must be
disabled such that they cannot transmit
transmit.
 WARNING – “HOTCHECKS”
HOTCHECKS
APPLYING POWER AT SURFACE ONCE
THE EXPLOSIVE OPERATION HAS
STARTED IS PERMITTED ONLY ON THE
CONDITION THAT THE CABLE HEAD AND
ENTIRE TOOLSTRING ARE IN CLEAR VIEW
OF THE ENGINEER WHILE APPLYING TOOL
POWER.

Power must not be applied through a gun or

explosive tool assembly at any time while at
surface, ARMED or UNARMED.
Equipment Set-Up: Cab Preparation
9 Ensure continuity of the logging cable to the safety
switch. Do NOT disconnect the collector plug.

9 Turn OFF all AC circuit breakers.

9 Turn OFF all AC generators (or exciter switch).

9 TURN OFF THE CABLE SAFETY SWITCH

9 REMOVE KEY KEY. Maintain the key outside the unit

until the explosive device is 200 ft [70 m] below the
ground level or sea floor.
 Attaching the Head (1)

WARNING
Arming or disarming a gun must not be
attempted during a lightning storm.
(Arming procedures must not be commenced if such weather, a
helicopter or a boat is expected to arrive before the arming procedure
can be completed and the gun introduced into the well to a minimum
p of 200ft [[70m]] below g
depth ground level or the sea floor.))
 Attaching the Head (2)
9 Verify that the Casing-to-Rig Voltage Monitor reads
less than 0.25V.

9 Clear the line of fire of all personnel.

9Att h explosive
9Attach l i d device
i tto th
the h
head.
d

The individual performing this operation MUST

have the safety switch key in their possession at
the time. The key MUST now remain outside the
wireline unit until the explosive device is
introduced into the well to a minimum of 200ft
[70m] below ground level or the sea floor.
 Arming perforating guns (1)

ONLY the Engineer or Field Specialist is

allowed to ARM an explosive device.
 Arming perforating guns (2)
9 The cable must be attached to the gun string before the gun string is
armed.

9C fi th
9Confirm the liline off fi
fire iis still
till clear.
l

9Check the gun wires for sparking.

9Trim the gun wires and detonating cord to length.

9Insert the detonator into the Detonator Safety Tube

Tube. Close and secure
the top of the tube.

9Connect the detonator wires to the g

gun wires ((ELECTRICALLY ARMING
THE GUN).

9Remove the detonator from the Safety Tube and connect it to the
detonating cord using detonating crimping pliers or other connector as
appropriate (BALLISTICALLY ARMING THE GUN).
 Arming perforating guns (3)
9 All explosive remants must be immediately put
away in their correct storage place.
9 Prepare the gun for running in hole.
9 Proceed into the well
well.
Note: the detonator must be checked for resistance
before it is used. It MUST be done in the Safety
Tube and is normally done prior to electrically
arming the gun. Only a Schlumberger Safety
Multimeter can be used on a detonator.
Safety procedures while in the hole
9Power up when below Ground Level or Sea
Bed 200 ft [70 m].

9Tie in, position the gun, and shoot.

9Return to 200 ft [70 m] below Ground Level

or Sea Bed.

9Repeat Stray Voltage and Instrument Cab

preparations.
ti
Safety Procedures When Back At
S rface
Surface
An explosive device is assumed to have not gone
off
ff until
til it is
i visually
i ll inspected.
i t d
If the device has failed to detonate, immediately
relieve any trapped pressure and the disarm the
gun(s) ((ballistically
ballistically before electrically) following
the Field Operations Manual.
Check the area for detonating cord remnants
remnants,
charges, etc.,
 Explosives Storage
•Primary and Secondary Explosive must never be
stored together.
•A qualified person must always be in charge of
explosives and of the magazine(s) in which explosives
are stored. This person is responsible for keeping an
accurate inventory list at all times.
• The magazines must be kept locked at all times
times.
• Draw only enough explosives from the magazine for
immediate use.
• Waste explosives destined for destruction must be
stored in correctly labeled remnants boxes.
 Explosives Handling
• Do not open or repack packages of explosives with
metal tools which may cause sparks. Packages
should be opened in such a way that they can be
reused to repack unused explosives.

• Do not carry detonators or charges in your pockets

or shop apron.

• Do not leave detonators or charges lying around.

Excess explosives must be returned to the magazine
immediately.
immediately

• Any loose powder found in the loading area must be

placed
l d iin a plastic
l ti b box and
d stored
t d iin th
the remnants
t bbox
pending destruction.
 Useful Links
Explosives On-Line Training

Explosives Safety Placard

Explosives Safety Manual

Explosives Field Operating Manual

Explosives Safety 1 (English Locale)

Perforating 1 (English Locale)