1. What is clothing?

Ans. Clothing is one of the three basic needs of human being. Clothing is used for covering
human body or other bodies to fulfill or satisfy the requirements of those bodies with the
object of protection, decoration and identification.

2. What is Garment?
Ans. A garment is a piece of clothing.

3. What is apparel?
Ans. Clothes of a particular type when they are being sold in a shop. Apparel can also include
things like name tags, jewelry or other stuff you wear.

4. Why woolen garments used in cooler climate?

Ans. The general configuration of wool fiber is helical and this configuration works as a wall for
passing of cold or warm.

5. What is design or sketch?

Ans. In clothing industry design means determining the shape and cutting patterns of garments
according to it.

6. What id basic block or block pattern?

Ans. Block patterns are the main or basic patterns which are constructed with definite and
standard body measurement, but they do not possess any style or extra attractiveness or any
type of allowances.

7. What is a pattern?
Ans. It is the model of all components of garments on a hard paper board.

8. Why pattern is produced?

Ans. 

 To make a set of templates of different components of garments.

 To make a large amount of production at a time.
 To minimize wastage and cost of garments.

9. What is working pattern or production pattern?

Ans. These are made on the basic of block pattern or basic block. Each block pattern is drawn or
sketched on the hard paper board with the help of pencil. Then the following allowances and
positions are added-

 Sewing allowance
  Trimming allowance
 CBL
 CFL
 Button attaching position
 Button holing position
 Plate etc.

10. What is invoice?

Ans. It is one kind of documents which contains the information’s about selling items. Normally
there are two types of invoice-

 Proforma invoice- preliminary,  

 Commercial invoice-finally.

11. Seam line/attaching point is marked by U or V notch? (Yes/no)

Ans. Yes

12. How grain line is indicated/mentioned in patterns?

Ans. By arrow mark.

13. What is grain line?

Ans. It is the line, which is marked on the patterns of a garment and the line indicates the warp
yarn, as a result, when the pattern is placed in the marking paper then the Grain line follow the
warp yarn of fabric.

14. Grain line of pattern must be parallel of the fabric? (Yes/no)

Ans. Yes

15. Define category?

Ans. In garments export and import business a definite type of garments is specified by a
definite number which is called category.

16. What is approved sample?

Ans. The sample which is approved by the buyer is called approved sample.

17. What is counter sample?

Ans. The manufacturers produce several numbers of samples following the approved sample
which is known as counter samples. They facility the bulk production or hung on production
floor.
18. What do you mean by allowance?
Ans. In case of garments making some additional measurements are added with standard body
measurement which is termed as allowances. This allowances is 1cm or 1inch.there are two
types of allowance-(I) Trimming allowance. (II) Sewing allowances.

19. What is interlining?

Ans. A layer of fabric which is used between two layers of fabric to give the particular area
desired shape and to enhance the strength of that particular position which is called interlining.
E.g. collar, cuff.

20. What are the types of interlining?

Ans. 

 Sew able interlining,

 Fusible interlining.

21. What do you mean by lining?

Ans. A layer of fabric which is used in the inner side of garments to increase the comfort-ability
of the garments which is called lining. E.g. suits, coats, ladies and babies wear.

22. What do you mean by FDI?

Ans. FDI= Foreign direct investment. These types of investment directly come from foreign
country.

23. What is overlocking or neatening?

Ans. The sewing process of cutting edge of the fabric. So that the slack yarn cannot be opened.

24. What is seaming?  

Ans. The attaching procedure of different components of garments.

25. What is stitch?

Ans. The unit of sewing or seam.

26. What is seam?

Ans. The line of sewing of one or more than one layers of fabric/the line of joining of fabric.

27. What do you mean by trimmings or accessories?

Ans. Beside fabric the components which are needed to make a complete garments termed as
trimmings. E.g. Button, sewing thread, lining, interning etc.
28. What is ticket number?
Ans. It indicates the coarseness or fineness of a sewing thread.

29. What is L/C?

Ans. L/C means letter of credit. It is one kind of agreement between buyer and seller.

30. What is pattern grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase or decrease of a master pattern piece to create large
or small size. Grading alters the overall size of a design but not its general shape and
appearance. If buyer requires different sizes, we would have to grade the dimension. It may be
S.L, X.L and XXL.

31. What are the method of grading?

Ans. Grading can be apply two method – (I) manual method, (II) computerized method.

32. Marker as a guideline for cutting? (Yes/no)

Ans. Yes.

33. What is back taking?

Ans. During sewing we need to start or end it prior to 1cm or after 1cm respectively to secure
the sewing end. This is termed as back tacking.

34. What is bar tacking?

Ans. We continue sewing for several times within a very short distance to increase the load or
strength of that particular portion which is termed as bar taking. e.g. - edge of pocket, belt loop,
and Fly piece etc.

35. What is blind stitch?

Ans. A particular type of stitch which is not visible from the face side of the garments.

36. What do you mean by C.B.L and C.F.L?

Ans. C.B.L= center back line, C.F.L= center front line

37. What are disposable garments?

Ans. The garments which are used for one time only called disposable garments. E.g. Medical
garments.

38. What do you mean by Flap?

Ans. It’s the part of pocket which covers the pocket opening.
39. What is marker?
Ans. Marker is a thin paper which contain all necessary pattern pieces for all sized for a
particular style of garments. It’s a representation or drawing of the arrangement of the
identified materials.

40. Fabric width and length must be higher than the marker width and length? (Yes/no)
Ans. Yes.

41. Grain line should be parallel to the warp direction in a woven fabric or the Wales in a
knitted fabric? (true/false)
Ans. True

42. What is formula of marker efficiency?

Ans. Marker efficiency= total area of pattern pieces in a marker/total area of marker × 100%

43. The less the fabric wastage, the higher the marker efficiency? (true/false)
Ans. True.

44. The more the marker length, the higher the marker efficiency? (True/false)
Ans. True.

45. What do you mean by garments size?

Ans. The size of garments can be expressed by two methods-

 Alphabetical expression e.g. S,M,L,XL,XXL

 Numerical expression e.g. 38,39,40,41,42(in cm or in inch)

46. Write down the feature of T-shirt?

Ans. 

 Casual tops, 
 Narrow neck line, 
 Usually short sleeve,  
 No collar

47. Write down the feature of polo shirt?

Ans. (I) Tops, (II) short/long sleeve, (III) collar, (IV) short button placket or neck opening.

48. How can you divide all garments?

Ans. All types of garments can be divided mainly two groups – (I) Tops part, (II) Bottom part.
49. Write down the feature of pull oven / sweater?
Ans. (I) Warm shirt, (II) Long sleeve, (III) Waist band, (IV) Pull on overhead.

50. Write down the feature of Tank-loop?

Ans. (I) Sleeve less pullover, (II) Used over a shirt (III) Warm shirt (IV) Waist band, (V) Pull on
overhead.

51. Write down the feature of cardigan?

Ans. (I) Open front, (II) Fastened with a zip or button, (III) Waist band.

52. What do you mean by CAD?

Ans. CAD means computer aided design: In apparel industry CAD systems are mainly used for
garments design, pattern preparation, pattern grading and marker marking.

53. What do you mean by CAM?

Ans. CAM means computer aided manufacturing. It includes computerized sewing machines,
fabric spreading machines, cutting systems.

54. Write some important meaning?

Ans. 

 CM= Cost of making

 CMT= Cost of making with trimmings
 FOB= Freight on boat
 C & F= Cost and freight
 CIF= cost, insurance and freight
 L/C= letter of credit

55. What is cloth spreading/laying?

Ans. To spread cloth as determined by needed quantity as per marking/ the smooth laying out
of fabric in superimposed layer of specified length.

56. What do you mean by fabric cutting?

Ans. To cut the cloth according to marker of patterns for sewing.

57. What are the methods of fabric cutting?

Ans. 
(A) Manual method

 Scissor
 Round knife
  Band knife
 Straight knife
 Die cutting
 Notcher & -Drill

(B) Computerized method

 Straight knife cutting

 Water jet cutting
 Laser beam cutting
 Plasma torch cutting

58. What do you know about fusible interlining?

Ans. The interlining which is attaching to the garments component by the application of
temperature and pressure is called fusible interlining

59. How fusible interlining is manufactured?

Ans. By using a resin coating of thermoplastic materials on a piece of fabric.

60. For symmetrical fabric marker efficiency is high and less efficiency for asymmetrical
fabric? (True/false)
Ans. True.

61. The more large patterns and less small patterns reduce marker efficiency? (True/false)
Ans. True.

62. For more small patterns, marker efficiency will be increased? (True/false)
Ans. True.

63. What do you know about symmetrical fabric?

Ans. Fabric which can retain the same appearance in case of turning in 180° angle called
symmetrical fabric. E.g. solid dyed fabric.

64. What do you know about the asymmetrical fabric?

Ans. Asymmetrical fabric is those which cannot retain the same appearance while turning in
180° angle. E.g. pile fabric, brushed fabric etc.
65. What are the methods of marker making?
Ans. 

 Manual, 
 Computerized.

66. What are the wastage of marker?

Ans. 
(I) Inside wastage
(II) Outside wastage

 Ends of ply losses (2-4) inch

 Loss of fabric ends
 Selvedge losses
 Purchase losses

67. What is sample?

Ans. The garment which is needed for bulk production is called sample garment.

68. What is sewing?

Ans. The process of joining of fabric by the use of needle and sewing thread is called sewing.

69. What are the basic components of sewing?

Ans.

 Needle
 Throat plate
 Pressure foot
 Feed dogs
 Sewing thread and fabric.

70. Write some name of sewing defects?

Ans.

 Seam pucker
 Broken or open stitch
 Staggered stitch
 Slipped or skipped stitch
 Vertical stitch density.

71. What do you mean by seam puckering?

Ans. Stitching with unwanted gathering.
72. What do you mean by pressing and Finishing?
Ans. The process by which the unwanted crease and winkles are removed from the garments
and the outlook of the garments is improved as well.

73. Which iron is used for industrial purposes?

Ans. Steam irons.

74. What do you know about lings?

Ans. Lings is the measuring unit of button diameter. To measure the outer diameter of button
we use ling’s number. 1 ling = 1/40 inch = 0.025 inch = 0.636 mm

75. How many types of label?

Ans. There are mainly three types of label

 Main label, 
 Size label, 
 Care label.
The all other of label are called sub label.

76. What do you know about motif?

Ans. The special component which is attached outside of the garment for decorative purpose
called motif. E.g. company name, trade mark or other symbols can be written on the motif.

77. What do you know about dart and pleat?

Ans. 

 Dart = part of cloth is folded and stitched to slenderize it

 A pleat is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in
place or the pleat shows the form being folded and stitched.

78. How many types of woven fabric?

Ans. Three types – (I) yarn dyed (II) solid dyed(s/d) (III) Denim

79. Desizing is mandatory or obvious before washing (True/False) 

Ans. True.

80. Why hot ash is necessary?

Ans. To clean the desize chemicals (introduction to cold water re-solidify the fat and wax)

81. Why M: L is important?

Ans. Without m: l we cannot determine the required amount of dyes, chemicals and water
during dyeing, washing and other wet processing. That’s why m: l is important.
82. What is the mechanism of producing fading effect in garments manufacturing?
Ans. Three process of fading mechanism –

 Chemical action.
 Mechanical action
 Biological action.

83. How many types of mechanical abrasion in garments washing?

Ans. Three types –

 Garment to garment.
 Garment to m/c
 Garment to solid material (e.g. stone)

84. How many types of chemical action in garment washing?

Ans. Three types-

 Regular(Bleach wash)
 Irregular(Acid wash)
 Local(p. p. spray, p. p. sponge)

85. What is the factor depends on action of washing?

Ans.

 Time
 Temperature
 Mechanical abrasion
 Chemical action

86. What do you mean by costing and pricing/?

Ans. 

 Costing = Total consumption of garments without profit

 Pricing = costing with profit.

87. What do you know about back to back L/C opening?

Ans. For purchasing fabric and accessories against main L/C.

88. What is lead time in garments?

Ans. Time start from L/C opening or order receive to garments delivery is called lead time.

 Lead time — local market = 45 days

  Foreign market = 90-120 days
89. What is stock lot?
Ans. When goods are made for buyer but not possible to shipping as a result goods are stain at
store. This goods are called stock lot.

90. How many parts of jacket?

Ans. Three parts

 Upper part is called shell

 Inner part is called lining
 Middle part is called interlining.

91. Write down the other commercial name of interlining?

Ans. Padding / wedding/ Bedding / poly fil.

92. What types of garments are made from feather?

Ans. Overcoats, jackets, pillow, blanket etc.

93. What types of feather are used for making garments?

Ans. Duck chest feathers.

94. What do you mean by quality?

Ans. Quality is the difference between the products or it is the goodness or badness in a
product or the feather of a product which satisfy customers or end users.

95. What do you mean by label?

Ans. Label is an attached component of garment on which important information regarding the
garment are written or printed.

96. What do you mean by WWSC and RSWD?

Ans.

 WWSC = wash with similar color

 RSWD = Re shape whilst damp.

97. Which inspection system widely used in garment industry?

Ans. 4-points system.
98. What do you mean by TAP and AQL?
Ans. 

 TAP = Total acceptable product in a lot

 AQL = Acceptable quality limit.

99. What do you mean by core spun thread/yarn?

Ans. This thread /yarn has continuous filament polyester wrapped in cotton fibers.

100. What do you mean by OE & CE zipper?

Ans. 

 OE zipper = open end zipper - use in jacket

 CE zipper = closed end zipper - use in baggage.

101. If 40 or more than 40 defects are present in 100 square yards then the fabric is
considered as rejected in four point system (True/false)?
Ans. True.

102. What is the name of first garments industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. REAZ garments.

103. What do you mean by garments final inspection?

Ans. Garments final inspection is to take decision whether the lot will be passed for shipment
or it will be rejected.

104. What are the different types of sampling inspection of garments?

Ans. 

 Without inspection, 
 100% inspection, 
 Spot inspection, 
 Arbitary inspection,
 Acceptance inspection.

105. Write down the section of shirt making?

Ans. 

 Collar section, 
 Cuff section, 
 Body section.
106. What do you mean by PD, WR, WP, and TC?
Ans. PD= Plain dyed, WR= Water repellent, WP= Water proof, TC= Tetron & cotton, SD= solid
dyed, YD= Yarn dyed.

107. What is pattern?

Ans. The pieces of thick paper are required in the form necessary to make or style of garments
is called pattern.

108. What do you mean by marking?

Ans. Drawing as patterns on the as per style.

109. What is consumption?

Ans. Needed quantity of cloth as per dz according to marker.

110. What do you mean by assortment?

Ans. To determine the quantity of garments according to size and color.

111. What types of style of collar?

Ans. 

 One piece (Banded) collar, 

 Two piece (banded) collar, 
 Sport open (no bended) collar.

112. How many types of cuff according to style?

Ans. Four types — 

 Notched, 
 Squared, Rounded, 
 Pointed.

113. How many types of cuff according to construction?

Ans. Two types— 

 One piece cuff (The cuff which includes both front & back in one piece of cloth), 
 Two piece cuff (two piece of cloth).

114. Write down the types of front of a shirt?

Ans. (I) Plain, (II) Top center, (III) French front.

115. How many types of sleeve?

Ans. (I) Long genbol, (II) Sleeve placket, (III) Hemmed sleeve.
116. How many types of yoke?
Ans. 

 One piece plain yoke (yoke and back are one piece of cloth),
 Two piece single yoke (yoke is separated from the back but yoke is one piece)
 Two piece double yoke (yoke is separated from the back but yoke are two piece of
yokes)

117. How many types of pocket style?

Ans. (I) plain, (II) Hexagon, (III) Rounded, (IV) squared, (V) Hemmed.

118. How many types of bottom style of a shirt?

Ans. (I) Straight bottom, (II) Tailed bottom.

119. What are the styles or types of packing and folding of shirt?
Ans. 

 Stand up (collar is folded to remain at 90° angle from the floor level)
 Semi stand up (collar is folded to remain at 45° angle from the floor level)
 Flat pack (collar is laid to the floor level at 0° angle)
 Hanger pack (collar is folded for a hanger).

120. What are the styles of shirt?

Ans. (I) Basic/regular, (II) Casual/Irregular, (III) Sport shirt, (IV) Blouse

121. What do you mean by numbering in garments?

Ans. This process is to put a number on the each part of a garment after cutting. So that the
same numbers of each part might be combined at the time of sewing.

122. What is sorting?

Ans. This process is to sort by size and color after cutting.

123. Write down the attention point when marking

Ans.

 Jumping & bias should not occur

 Position marking
 Must fit the end of the net (one side) line
 Must check the quantity whether all the parts are marked as directed.

124. When dies cutting is used?

Ans. For interlining cutting
125. What is inlay/sewing allowance?
Ans. The fabric which is kept excess of the seam line at the time of sewing is called inlay/sewing
allowance.

126. Inlay is sewing allowance but sewing allowance is not inlay? (Yes/No) 
Ans. Yes.

127. What do you mean by Gusset (Front facing)?

Ans. The part which is folded into the inside of the front. This is two types— 

 Upper front gusset, 

 Lower front gusset.

128. What do you know about inlay (sewing allowance)?

Ans. The part which is folded into the inside during sewing.

129. What is back stitching?

Ans. It is stitching to back after finishing the stitch length; it is normally 3-5 stitches.

130. What is error part?

Ans. When left and right are attached being interchanged with each other or both right or left
are attached in case of cuffs and sleeves is called error part.

131. Stitching and sewing, which is visible and invisible?

Ans.

 Stitching—visible
 Sewing—invisible

132. What is double stitching?

Ans. The stitching which has two lines keeping constant distance is called double stitching.

133. What do you know about slip out?

Ans. When the interlocking stitching stitches do not lock with each other along the sewing line
then it is called slip out.

134. What do you mean by floating?

Ans. Few stitches, which are not passed through the cloth of proper interval during sewing is
known as floating.
135. Write down the classification of assortment/packing?
Ans. 

 Solid size, solid color, 

 Solid size, assort color, Assort size, solid color,
 Assort size, assort color.

136. What do you mean by Y-shirt?

Ans. Basic shirt/regular shirt/Dress shirt.

137. What do you mean by casual/irregular shirt?

Ans. Various types of style.

138. What do you mean by sport shirt?

Ans. The shirt which is sporty and needs no neck tie.

139. What are the function of clothing?

Ans. 1. Protection 2. Decoration 3. Identification

140. What is the requirement of clothing?

Ans. 1. Suitability, 2. Appearance, 3. Comfort, 4. After care, 5. Stability

141. How can we difference between a ladies shirt and a Gents shirt?
Ans. Buttons are on the opposite side to that of gent’s shirt,

 Ladies shirt: Upper front part is right side.

 Gents shirt: Upper front part is left side.
 Ladies pant: Fly piece is right side.
 Gents pant: fly piece is left side.

142. What is E-Textiles?

Ans. E-textile also known as electronic textiles are fabrics that enable computing, digital
components and electronics to be embedded in them. The emphasis of e-textile will be on
creating a women textile with embedded copper which will provide the usual wear comfort and
at the same time it will have a circuit with a few chips sunning at few megahertz.

Example: In the field of medical prevention and rehabilitation it becomes highly necessary to
continuously monitor the patient’s health condition by keeping sensing devices close to the
body and e-textile can successfully accomplish senior functionality.
143. What is the reason for clothing?
Ans.

 Modesty 
 Protection against adverse climate conditions
 Adornment 
 Identification
 Aristocratic reason

144. Size of Human?

Ans. 

 Men-(i). Short- 5’ 3” to 5’ 7” (ii). Regular- 5’8” to 6’ (iii). Tall- above 6’

 Women-(i). Short 4’11” to 5’3” (ii). 5’4” to 5’7” (iii). Tall above 5’7”

145. What is Production pattern/Garments pattern?

Ans. When necessary allowances are added to the working patterns, then they are called
production pattern.

146. What is working pattern?

Ans. The patterns which are made with net dimension of a particular style called working
patterns.

147. What methods are used to make Block patterns?

Ans. i. Flat method ii. Modeling method

148. What are the methods of pattern grading?

Ans. (i).Manual grading, (ii). Computer aided grading.

149. What is half part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasing is done in every sides of a pattern, then it is called half part
grading.

150. What is ¼th part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasing is done in either lengthwise or widthwise or in any two sides
of a pattern then it is called ¼th part grading.

151. What is C.B.L (Center back line)?

Ans. Middle point of back neck up to the bottom end in the back part of a shirt.

152. What is C.F.L (Center front line)?

Ans. Line from the top button to the bottom end in the face side of a shirt.
153. What is collar stand or collar band?
Ans. It’s the part of a collar in which collar stands in upward direction. Collar stands in upward
direction.

154. What is cuff?

Ans. It is the end point of sleeve of a shirt laying around the wrist.

155. What is Ticket number?

Ans. It indicates the coarseness or fineness of a sewing thread. E.g. 3/60, 2/80 etc.

156. What is Hemming?

Ans. The process of sewing of an edge or border on a piece of cloth, especially a finished edge,
as for a garment or curtain, made by folding an edge under and stitching it down. E.g. Bottom
edge of a shirt.

157. What is lead-time?

Ans. The time interval between the initiation and the completion of a production process.

158. How design can be developed?

Ans.

 Sketching (Two dimension method): Usually developed on paper

 Modeling (Three dimension method): Usually developed dummy or live model
 Computer aided design (CAD): Usually developed using design related software.

159. T-shirt Feature.

Ans. 

 Refers as casual
 Garments with narrow neckline,
 Garments with short or long sleeves,
 No collar/Cuff, and
 Usually made of cotton.

160. Polo-shirt feature.

Ans.

 Used to cover the upper body part (Tops),

 Garments with short/long sleeves,
 Garments with collar and cuffs,
 Short button placket or short chest opening, and
 Made of either 100% cotton or CVC or PC.
161. Tank Top feature.
Ans.

 It is a sleeveless pull over,

 It is used over a shirt,
 Used as warm shirt,
 Garments with waist band, and
 It is put on overhead.

162. Pull over/Sweater feature.

Ans.

 Used as warm shirts,

 Garments with long sleeves,
 Garments with waist band, and
 Put on overhead.

163. Cardigan feature.

Ans.

 Open front and fastened with a zipper or button,

 Garments with waist band,
 Used as warm shirts, and
 Usually made of wool/acrylic.

164. Shirt feature.

Ans.

 Upper-body garment with a collar, cuffs and pocket,

 A full vertical opening and fastened with buttons,
 With short or long sleeves, and
 Men’s shirt having lower front part at right hand side and for women it is exactly
opposite.

165. Sportswear feature.

Ans.

 Auto motorcycle racing wear

 Bike wear
 Golf apparel
 Ski wear (winter garments)
 Sports jersey and track tops
 Sports shorts and trousers
  Swim wear and beach wear
 Training and jogging wear

166. What is the function of CAD in apparel industries?

Ans.

 Garments design.
 Pattern design & pattern preparation.
 Pattern grading
 Marker making

167. What is the function of CAM in apparel industries?

Ans. 

 Fabric spreading. 
 Cutting systems.
 Mover systems. 
 Sewing systems.

168. What is grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase or decrease of a master pattern piece to create large
or small size. Grading alters the overall size of a design but not it̕s general shape & appearance.

169. What is the main objective of marker?

Ans. 

 To minimize the fabric wastage

 To improve the quality of garments.

170. What are the main product are produced in garments Industry in Bangladesh?
Ans. Woven shirt, T-shirt, trouser, jacket, jogging shuts, sweaters, jersey etc.

171. How much currency earn from garments sector in Bangladesh every year?
Ans. Above 75%.

172. What is quota?

Ans. Kind of agreement between the exporter countries where importer country mention a
specific number of garments.

173. When established garments industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. In 1960,”REAZ” garments.
174. What is the basic difference between sewing and stitching?
Ans. 

 Sewing is Invisible
 Stitching is Visible

175. What is the difference between the yarn and thread?

Ans. 

 Yarn = (i) Yarn is used for producing fabrics (Knit & Woven). (ii) Normally it is single ply.
 Thread = (i) Thread is used for garments sewing. (ii) It is normally two or three or four
plies.

176. What measurement unit used in America and Europe.

Ans. America use=Inch, Europe use=Centimeter (cm).

177. What are the sections of sewing used for making a shirt?
Ans. There are three sections- 

 Collar section
 Cuff section
 Body section

178. What type of woven fabric?

Ans. 1. Yarn dyed, 2. Solid dyed, 3. Denim.

179. What is Line Balancing?

Ans. Line balancing is the allocation of sewing machines according to style and design of
garment. It depends on, what type of garments we have to produce.

180. What is Compliance?

Ans. Compliance means comply something’s that is yield to the wishes another. The main aim
of compliance is to ensuring the all labor rights and facilities according to the Buyer code of
conduct.

181. What are the different types of order?

Ans.

 FOB (Free on boat) order

 FOA (Free on air) order
 C & F (Cost and freight) order
 CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order
 CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order
 CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order
  CM (Cost of making) order
 TT (Telephonic transfer) order
 Subcontract order
 Exchange order.

182. What do you mean by FOB (Free on boat) order?

Ans. This is the export term of delivery and price quotation. The sellers send the goods for
export and delivers them on boat (the ship). The risk is passed from seller to buyer when the
goods are loaded in the ship at the port of departure. The buyer pays the freight charges. The
seller does not include the freight charge with his costing.

183. What do you mean by FOA (Free on air) order?

Ans. The seller delivers the goods to the air carrier at the airport of departure. The buyer bears
the risk from that moment and pays the air transport cost. The seller bears the cost of materials
and making, does not include air freight.

184. What do you mean by C & F (Cost and freight) order?

Ans. The sellers send the goods for export, pays the freight charge and deliver them on boat
(the ship). The risk is passes to the buyer when the goods are left the port of departure.

185. What do you mean by CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order?
Ans. This is identical to the C&F term except that in addition, the seller ensures (pay the
insurance bill) the goods against loss and damage at his own cost.

186. What do you mean by CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order?
Ans. At this type of order, the seller includes the cost of insurance, freight and commission for
local buying house.

187. What do you mean by CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order?
Ans. In this case, the buyer fixes the rate of CMT with the factory. So the seller does not add the
price of fabric with his costing, but at L/C buyer gives all money to the factory. The factory
collects only CMT money from the bank. Balance money return to the fabric supplier. This
ordering system is following the tailoring shop.

188. What do you mean by CM (Cost of making) order?

Ans. In this case, the buyer fixes the rate of CM only with the factory. So the seller does not add
the price of fabric and trimmings with his costing, but at L/C buyer gives all money to the
factory. The factory collects only CM money from the bank. Balance money return to the fabric
and accessories supplier.

189. What do you mean by TT (Telephonic transfer) order?

Ans. When order quantity is very small and need urgent delivery, in that case, buyer gives
purchase contract instead of L/C and sends money to seller bank by TT. After getting money,
the seller sends the goods to buyer.
190. What do you mean by Subcontract order?
Ans. It is indirect order, the order is received by another factory and when it is not possible for
that factory to complete the production within the time, and in that case they share the order
with other factory by giving subcontract. The subcontract factory only gets the CM charge by
local money from the order taker.

191. What do you mean by Exchange order?

Ans. In this case, the buyer did not pay any money against buying garments from Bangladesh.
Instead of money, they are giving another goods or products, which is surplus in their country
but we need it very much. This type of business is very rare. They use L/C for doing this type of
business.

192. What do you mean by Proforma invoice?

Ans. Proforma invoice is temporary commercial invoice, which is send by exporter to importer.
It helps to open a letter of credit (L/C) in favor of exporter by importer. It helps the foreign
buyer to obtain an import license if it is necessary.

193. What do you mean by commercial invoice?

Ans. Commercial invoice is the final invoice and basic document. It contain all the details like
name & address of importer and exporter, description of goods, quantity, rate, value of goods,
details of shipment.

194. What do you mean by letter of credit (L/C)?

Ans. It is important document, which is used for doing the business, where Bank is responsible
for payment in favor of sellers. It is a means/instrument for opening a credit (L/C) in favor of
exporter by importer to make payment on fulfillment of conditions within given time.

195. What is Tag gun?

Ans. It is used for attaching the Hang tag, Price ticket etc.

196. What do you mean by bill of exchange?

Ans. A bill of exchange is a legal document and order in writing, requesting the drawee
(Factory) to pay within the specified time. The drawer (supplier), drawee and payee (Bank) are
involved in this transaction. The Bill of Exchange also known as draft, can be right draft or
wsanee draft.

196. What do you mean by Bill of Landing?

Ans. Bill of Landing is a document issued by the shipping company acknowledging that the
goods have been shipped on board and undertaking that the goods as received will be
delivered to the consignee (Buyer).

When the export contract is CIF, then the exporter makes payment of the freight and gets
“freight paid” Bill of Landing. On the other hand, if the contract is FOB, the freight has to be
paid by the importer. In that case, the shipping company will issue a “freight collect” Bill of
Landing.

197. What do you mean by Shipping Bill?

Ans. The shipping bill is the main documents required by the customs authority for allowing
shipment. It contains description of export goods and other particulars as defined in The Sea
Customs Act, name of the vessel in which goods are to be shipped, Country of Destination etc.

198. What do you mean by Shipping Order?

Ans. It is a document issued by the shipping line intimating the shipper (Exporter) about the
reservation of space for shipment of cargo through a particular vessel from a specified port and
on a specified date.

199. What do you mean by Vehicle Ticket/Cart Ticket?

Ans. It is a gate pass for port gate .it is prepared for admittance of cargo through the port gate.
It contains details of cargo for export, the shipper name, cart, lorry number, gate number, and
marks on package, quantity and description.

200. What is pattern engineering?

Ans. It is the engineering idea which is applied at the time of marking for reducing the
consumption of fabric. In this case consumption is reduced by overlapping the patterns or
reducing the patterns or dividing the patterns into two parts like cuff, side pocket of pant etc.

201. What is Style?

Ans. A style is a type of product that has one or more specific feature or characteristics that
distinguish it and make it different from other product of the same type. E.g. A crew neck is one
style of neck line and a turtle neck is another style.

202. What is Design?

Ans. Within a specific style there can be many variations in trimmings, texture, decoration or
other details like embroidery, screen printing etc. The individual interpretation or variations of
the same styles are called design. One style can be many designs.

203. What is Fashion?

Ans. Fashion means consumer acceptance, the prevailing or accepted style in dress or personal
decoration established or adopted during a particular time or season. The most widely
recognize fashion authority, the late Dr. Paul-H-Nystrom (1928) define fashion is similar words
as “Nothing more or less than the prevailing style at any given time”.

204. What do you mean by D/P (Document of payment)?

Ans. Under this method, the goods are shipped and documents are sent to the importer
through the banking channel. The documents are handed over to the clearing (C&F) agent for
clearing the goods from the port.
205. What do you mean by D/A (Documents in Acceptance)?
Ans. Under this method of payment terms, importer takes delivery of the documents on
acceptance of a claim in the form of Bill of Exchange from the bank through whom documents
are sent after goods are shipped. In this method there is risk of non-acceptance of bill and non-
payment due to bankruptcy.

206. What are the processes for fixation of export prices?

Ans. There are three processes-

 FOB (Free on board)

 C & F (Cost & Freight) (FOB cost+ Freight = C & F ) and
 CIF (Cost, insurance & freight) (C&F cost + Insurance = CIF)

207. What is consumption?

Ans. In the garments trade, consumption means quantity of raw materials with a view to
determine the price of a garment. In order to calculate the above quantity how much fabric,
sewing thread, button, label, zipper and other accessories are required to produce a garment
up to the exporting is called consumption.

208. How many types of accessories?

Ans. Two types

 Visible accessories e.g. button, sewing thread etc.

 Invisible accessories e.g. interlining

209. What do you know about synthetic thread/yarn?

Ans. This is large group of thread/yarn made mainly from nylon, polyester, rayon and
polyamide filaments or fibers.
The most common Merchandising questions and answers are given below:

1. What is Accessories?
Ans. Accessories mean items need to complete a garment. There are different kinds of
accessories used in garments industry such as thread, zipper, interlining, buttons, label,
pocketing fabric, elastic, etc.

2. What is AQL?
Ans. AQL is connected to the quality of products. In textile industry Acceptance Quality Level is
shortly designated by AQL.

3. What is Apparel Industry?

Ans. This is the number of manufacturers those are involved in the manufacturing of clothing.
Apparel industry includes with garments, lathers, technical textile, and etc. industry.
4. What is Testing Temperature?
Ans. Testing temperature is an ideal temperature where temperature maintain with relative
humanity. To become a testing temperature relative humanity should 65% ± 2% and
temperature should 20°C ± 2°C.

5. What is Basic Block?

Ans. Basic block is an individual component of apparel without any allowance, design or style
which is called basic block.

6. What is Allowance?
Ans. During the garment manufacturing process need to add extra measurement with the total
measurement of the garment is known as allowance.

7. What is Approved Sample?

Ans. The sample which is approved by the buyer is called approved sample.

8. What is Ligne Number?

Ans. Ligne number is a measuring unit of the button.  By the help of ligne number we can easily
find out the diameter of button. The relation of button diameter and linge number is
proportional.

9. What is Air Way Will?

Ans. Air Way Will is known as an export document. The carrying agreement between exporter
and air carrier which is found from the airline used to ship the goods.

10. What is Base Fabric?

Ans. Basic fabric is known as grey fabric. Grey fabric can be color or finish according to the
buyer requirement.
11. What is Book Inventory?
Ans. Book inventory is related to fashion accounting. Inventory book means the dollar value of
inventory, as stated in accounting records.

12. What is Buying Office?

Ans. Buying office is an independent or store owned office which is situated at a market area
and buys for one chain or for many stores. Buying office is also well-known as buying house.

13. What is Purchase Order (PO)?

Ans. PO is a document of a general description of the types and quantities of merchandise that
a buyer or importer expect to purchase for delivery within a lead time. It is also known as
buying plan.

14. What is Bill of Lading?

Ans. Bill of loading a document which gives all the terms of the contract between the exporter
or shipper and the transportation or logistics company to move fright between stated points at
a specified charge.

15. What is CAD?

Ans. CAD is related to the fabric cutting in garments. CAD is stands for Computer Aided Design
which is used as a theoretical tool to design and develop of garment products.

16. What is Lab-dip?

Ans. Lap-dip is 10×10 cm swatch dyed in laboratory of mill for checking color standards given
on Pantone is known as lab dip. This swatch is dyed to get color approval from buyer. The
merchandiser has to prepare 4-5 lab dip option for each color because he/she has to keep one
as counter.

17. What is Lead Time?

Ans. From the date of submitting an order to the delivery date this period is known as lead
time. Normally, export order lead time has 90-120 days. Lead time is also known as preparing
time for order execution.

18. What is Letter of Credit (L/C)?

Ans. The meaning of L/C is letter of credit which provided by the buyer via bank. In export
order execution, L/C is a document of order which is provide buyer to manufacturer where all
the terms and conditions are mention.

19. What is Line Balancing?

Ans. Line balancing is a plan of balancing the production schedule as per the time and action
calendar (TNA). Line balancing is also applied in garments sewing floor for smooth order
execution.
20. What is Dummy?
Ans. Dummy is an artificial human body like doll which is used to obtain actual human body
shape for measuring garment fittings.

21. What is Offshore Assembly?

Ans. Offshore assembly is known as purchase the fabric and cut it but gives it to the other
country for sewing. Example we can say that, fabric purchase and cut in the China, but sent to
the Bangladesh for sewing.

22. What is Partial Shipment?

Ans. If the production is only half done and buyer gave us a permission to ship the first half
goods we can ship the first half goods and then remaining this shipment is known as partial
shipment. Partial shipment is also known as prance shipment in garments.

23. What is Pantone?

Ans. Pantone is known as a universal color shade card. Nowadays pantone is used in all
industries for DTM (dye to match). In the pantone card there are 6 digit numbers for each color.
Those colors are help to minimize the garments shade variation problem.

24. What is Pattern?

Ans. Pattern is a hard thick paper which is used to get the actual shape of different component
of a garment. Pattern is also help to use as guide of a marker paper.

25. What is Style Number?

Ans. Style number a series of style which is easy to get the style references.

26. What is SMV?

Ans. SMV is means the Standard Minute Value. Standard Minute Value is related with
garments work study, time study, method study.

27. What is trimming?

Ans. The materials which are added with the body part of garments by sewing are known as
trimmings.

28. What is Time and Action Plan (TNA)?

Ans. In garments Time and action is stands for time and action calendar or time and action
plan. It is also known as issuing plan or production schedule or time and action plan. Time and
action plan related with lead time of export order shipment.

29. What is Thread Run?

Ans. The stitching thread and color for the same is known as thread run.
30. What is Up-charge?
Ans. Up-charge is an additional cost which will get added into cost of production as per the
buyer’s instructions. Up charge will get added into these things like embroidery, labels, packing
method etc.

31. What is Vendor?

Ans. Vendor is very known word in Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry. In others word we
know that vendor is a seller, resource, manufacturer or supplier.

32. What is Vessel-sailing-time?

Ans. Vessel-sailing-time is known as the time which will get taken by ship or transportation to
ship the products.

33. What is Yarn Dip?

Ans. Yarn dip is as like lab dip. If a fabric is a yarn dyed checks or strips then yarns will get dyed
into laboratory and those yarns merchandiser has to send to the buyer for color approval is
known as yarn dips.

34. What is CMT?

Ans. CMT describe the Cut Make and Trims. In this condition, apparel manufacturer are quotes
the buyer a proposed value which includes making, trimmings and accessories cot of a garment.

35. What is CPM?

Ans. CPM stands for Cost per Minute. CPM can help to find out per hour, shift, day and week
cost of garments.

36. What is CM?

Ans. CM stands for Cost of Making. That cost may include with trimmings, Cutting, making,
trimmings cost, cost of making time etc.

37. What is Cutting Order?

Ans. Cutting order is a company paper to maintain cut and produce a specific quantity of
garments.

38. What is Cut-to-order?

Ans. A cutting order based on order received. Cut-to-order relates to garments sampling and
product development department.

39. What is C.F.R?

Ans. C.F.R stands for cost and freight. It indicates that the exporter will deliver the products
onto vessel and pay all the normal charges to get the cargo to the named port or seaport.
40. What is C.I.F?
Ans. C.I.F stands for Cost Freight and Insurance. A pricing term under which the seller pays all
operating cost involved in the placing of products on board and in addition prepays the freight
and insures the goods to an agreed destination.

41. What is Cut-off-date?

Ans. Cut –off-date is a last date till which a shipping line will accept the packed goods for a
particular vessel or ship. Usually cut-off-date is 5-10 days before actual ship moving date.

42. What is Down-charge?

Ans. Down-charge is a smaller amount cost because of fewer trimmings into finished product. If
buyer says he/she wants just finished product without any trimmings or embroidery or prints
we should down-charge the buyer means we will decrease production cost.

43. What is Ex- works?

Ans. Ex-works denotes point of origin- a pricing term under which exporter s only responsibility
is to clear the goods for export and make them available to the buyer at agreed destination.

44. What is Fabrication?

Ans. Fabrication is the procedures of garments fabric preparation before bulk production
Therefore, fabrication is known as a pre-production procedure.

45. What is Factory out Late Stores?

Ans. Factory out late stores is one kind of store which sells the manufactures overrun directly to
consumers.

46. What is Fashion Director?

Ans. Fashion director is a fashion expert of an organization who working with buyer or
designers.

47. What is F.C.L?

Ans. F.C.L stands for the full container load. This is the excellent sign for business dealings of
both buyer and manufacturer.

48. What is Grading?

Ans. Grading is a process of either increasing or decreasing the size of the sample pattern. In
this process pattern larger or smaller size depends on sample size range.

49. What is Gross Margin?

Ans. Gross margin is connected to calculation of manufacturing cost. The difference in dollars
between net sales and the net costs of merchandise or product during a given period.
50. What is FOB?
Ans. FOB describes Free on Board. Here, exporter provide all the cost such as fabric,
accessories, CM (cost of making), overhead cost, C&F commission, commission,  and
transportation cost from manufacturer factory to shipping port.

51. What is Knit-down?

Ans. Knit-down is a tiny knitted fabric swatch (which is knitted as per buyers artwork like checks
or strips to check the repeat and size) which merchandiser sends to the buyer for approval is
known as knit –down.

52. What is L.C.L?

Ans. L.C.L is means Less Container Load. When short amount of order execution then less
container load for export or import from manufacturer.

53. What is Mark Down?

Ans. Mark down is known as the difference between the original retail price and a reduced
price.

54. What is Mark-up?

Ans. Mark-up is known as the difference between the original retail price and a raised price. It
means the difference between manufacturing or cost price and selling price.

55. What is Modular Manufacturing?

Ans. The modular manufacturing is known as the manufacturing method utilizing of a small
group of people who work together to produce a finished garment.

56. What is Strike-off?

Ans. Strike-off is one kinds of trail sample which is get done by buyer’s artwork section to get an
approval for print or embroidery and repeat and size for the same. This trail samples made by
printer or computerized embroidery, which merchandiser sends to buyer for approval is known
as strike –off.