VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

The Future of Quantum Computer

Vikas Rajendradeo Tiwari1, Prof. Sonia Dubey2
1
(Department of Computer Application, Viva School of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)
2
(Department of Computer Application, Viva School of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)

Abstract : Quantum Computer is a machine that is used for Quantum Computation with the help of using
Quantum Physics properties. Where classical computers encode information in binary “bits” that can either 0s
or 1s but quantum computer use Qubits. Like the classical computer, the Quantum computer also uses 0 and 1,
but qubits have a third state that allows them to represent one or zero at the same time and it’s called
“Superposition”. This research paper has presented the Basics of Quantum Computer and The Future of
Quantum Computer. So why Quantum Computer can be Future Computer, Because Quantum Computer is
faster than any other computer, as an example, IBM’s Computer Deep Blue examined 200 million possible
chess moves each second. Quantum Computer would be able to examine 1 trillion possible chess moves per
second. It can be 100 million times faster than a classical computer. The computer makes human life easier and
also focuses on increasing performance to make technology better. One such way is to reduce the size of the
transistor and another way is to use Quantum Computer. The main aim of this paper is to know that how
Quantum Computers can become the future computer.
Keywords - Computation, Entanglement, Quantum Bits, Superposition, Transistor

I. INTRODUCTION
Why we need Computers because computers reduce human effort and make human life easier.
However, there are challenges that today's systems can’t solve, therefore we need Quantum Computer. To solve
some of these problems, we need a new type of computer. Quantum computers using quantum phenomena
superposition and entanglement create highly variable values in the number of qubits. Quantum computers can
spur the development of new scientific advances, life-saving drugs, rapid diagnostic techniques, high-
performance equipment and materials, retirement financial strategies, and quick-tracking algorithms for
resources such as ambulances.

With the advancement of Science and Technology, they have focused on the architecture of Quantum
Physics to build technology more advanced. Quantum Computer is a machine used by Quantum Computation
by the help of using properties of Quantum Physics. The possibilities of quantum computing were first
introduced by the scientist Richard Feynman in 1982. Quantum physics has challenged logic since atom was
first studied in the earlier 20th century. It turns out atoms don't follow the conventional rules of physics.
Quantum particles can move forward or backward simultaneously, double placing simultaneously, or "teleport."
It is these strange behaviors that quantum computers are designed to be used for their own benefit.

In 1994, mathematician Peter Shaw demonstrated how quantum computing can be used to crack the
common encryption standards that existed at the time, which can find key features of large numbers well, which
can find key features of large numbers expertise. Here, the definition of “expertise” is in the realm of practical
value, beyond the power of state-of-the-art classical algorithms. While this may seem confusing, it is impossible
to convey the significance of Shor's understanding. The security of almost all online transaction today rely on
RSA cryptosystem system which relies on the possibility of data encryption algorithm.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

II. QUANTUM CIRCUIT

2.1 Definition
The existing model of quantum computation represents the calculation of in terms of quantum logic
gateway network. [1] This model can be thought of as a typical linear-algebraic production of the old circuit. In
this circuit model build quantum mechanics, a quantum computer able to effectively manage this circuits believe
that they are physically visible.

A memory containing of bits of data has possible states. A vector representing all memory
states thus has entries (one for each state). This vector is recognized as a vector of opportunity and explains
the fact that memory is specially obtained situation. [2]
In the old way, a single entry will have 1 value (e.g. 100% chance of being present in this case), and all
other entries will be zero. In quantum mechanics, opportunities vectors are designed for frequency providers.
This is technically accurate the mathematical basis of quantum logic gates, but the medium quantum condition
vector formalism is often introduced first because it is conceptually simple. This paper focuses on quantum state
vector formalism of purity. [2]
We begin by monitor a simple memory containing only one. This memory could be found in one of the
two say: state of zero or one. We may describe the state of this memory using Dirac notation so that

⟩ ( ) ⟩ ( )

A quantum memory may then be found in any quantum superposition ⟩ of the two classical level ⟩ and ⟩:

⟩ ⟩ ⟩ ( )

2.2 Quantum algorithms

Progress in finding quantum algorithms usually focuses on this quantum circuit model, even if
something similar to the existing quantum adiabatic algorithm. [3] Quantum algorithms can be categorized
almost by the type of speed gained above the corresponding classical algorithms. Quantum algorithms offer
more than a polynomial speed over a well-known classic algorithm that includes Shor algorithm for generating
algorithms and quantum algorithms related to using ambiguous logarithms, solving Pell's equation, and solving
group problems hidden abelian finite. [3] These algorithms are based on the classics of the Fourier quantum
modification. No mathematical evidence has been found to indicate that the fast classical algorithm cannot be
detected, although this is considered impractical. [4] Certain oracle problems such as Simon's problem and
Bernstein's problem - Vazirani offers unstructured speed, even though this is a quantum query model, which is a
restricted model where lower limits are much easier to prove, and does not mean translating into speedups to
work problems.

Other problems, including the limit of quantum physical processes from chemical and solid-state
physics, the limitations of certain Jones polynomials, and the quantum algorithm of the corresponding systems
of equations have quantum algorithms that appear to provide -super-polynomial speedups and finishes with
BQP. Because these problems are complete with BQP, a fast classical algorithm for them would mean that there
is no quantum algorithm that offers high polynomial speeds, which they believe is impossible.

Other quantum algorithms, such as the Grover algorithm and amplitude amplification, offer polynomial
speeds over similar classical algorithms. Although these algorithms offer the same quadratic speed, they are too
effective and thus provide speedups for a many variety of problems. Many examples of quantum speedups for
questioning problems are related to Grover's algorithm, including Brassard, Høyer's algorithm, and Tapp for two
to one collision, using Grover's algorithm, and Farhi, [5] Goldstone, and Gutmann's NAND test algorithm trees,
[6] different from the search problem.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

III. FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING

All computing systems depend on a fundamental ability to store and manipulate information. Current
computers use individual bits, which is store information such as binary zero and one provinces. Quantum
computers use mechanical devices to process data. To do this, they depend on quantum bits (qubits). [7]
3.1 Quantum Properties
There are three main quantum mechanical properties which is the superposition, entanglement, and the
interference which is applied to a quantum computer to control the state of qubit bit. [7]

3.1.1. Superposition
Superposition means quantum objects where the quantum system can represent many levels
simultaneously.

Fig.1 Superposition
3.1.2. Entanglement
In quantum physics, the entanglement of particles defines relationships between their basic structures
that are not accidental. This may refer to provinces such as their momentum, position, or division.

Fig.2 Entanglement
3.1.3. Interference
Quantum state could be affected by something known as a phase. Quantum interference could be
understood like to wave interference; when two waves are in phase, their amplitudes increase, and when they are
out of phase, their amplitudes will be cancelled.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

Fig.3 Interference
3.2 Quantum Computation
There are some different ways quantum systems use quantum properties to compute. Let’s examine one
type of algorithm designed for present quantum hardware, which uses quantum computing to find the “best”
solution among various possible solutions. [7]

This algorithm could be used to impact a molecule by resolve the lowest energy level within the
maximum length of molecular bonds. For the only lengths available, the components of the power level are
defined in the quantum processor. Then, features of the quantum state are measured and related back to energy
in the molecule, to the provided electronic configuration. Repetition of this process of various inter-atomic
spaces ultimately led to the length of the bond and the lower energy level, which explains the formation of
equilibrium cells. In addition to algorithms for short-term computer systems, researchers have developed future
algorithm systems, often associated with quantum-tolerant quantum computers. These systems will need to
implement many sequential quantum operations and run for long periods of time. [8]

Fig.4 Experimental results (circles) and the exact energy values (dotted line) for different interatomic distances
of BeH2

IV. QUANTUM COMPUTER : FUTURE COMPUTER

4.1. Quantum Computer vs Classical Computer

 Quantum computers can solve problems that may or may not take billions of years for old computers to
solve. [9]

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

 Quantum computers will change the data security environment. Or quantum computers will be capable
to break many of the modern encryption methods.
 Existing computers can perform better than quantum computers in some task (email, spreadsheets, and
more). The purpose of quantum computers is to be a unique tool for solving various problems, not
replacing older computers. [9]
 Quantum computers is bigger than Classical Computer solving optimization problems. Google claims
to have a computerized quantum 100 times faster than any older computer.
 Every day, we produce 2.5 Exabytes of data. That number corresponds to the content of 5 million
laptops. Quantum computers can make it possible to process the amount of data we create in big data
time.

4.2. Why Quantum Computer?

According to the report, Quantum Computer is 100 million faster than an old computer. For example,
as well as IBM's Deep Blue chess champion who defeated chess champion, Mr. Garry Kasparov in the year
1997. It managed to gain a competitive advantage because it calculates about 200 million trips per second.
Quantum computer will be able to monitor 1 billion moves per second! [9]Rather than using more electricity,
quantum computers would reduce power consumption anywhere from 100 to 1000 times because quantum
computers use quantum tunnelling. [10] [11] There are various algorithms already developed for quantum
computers including Grover's random database search and Shor's for making large numbers. [12] [13] Once a
stable quantum computer has been built, expect that machine learning will obviously encourage and reduce the
time to solve problems from hundreds and thousands of years to seconds. [14]

The goal of computer-assisted quantum computing is to make Shor's algorithm for large numbers a
major incentive to advance the quantum computational field. [15] To develop a broad view of quantum
computing, however, it is necessary to understand that they are likely to bring about great speed with certain
types of problems. Researchers are both researching to understand which problems are due to quantum
acceleration and developing self-certification algorithms. As always, it is believed that quantum computers will
be of great help in problems related to efficiency, which plays an very important part in everything from security
to financial trading.Many additional computer applications quantum bit software programs also exist and are
active research areas, but they are not beyond this overall view. [16] The two most prominent areas are the first
of which is quantum sensitivity and metrology, which uses excessive sensitivity of qubits in nature to detect
excessive classical-noise sensitivity, and secondly by quantum and network networks, which can monitor the
formative information sharing.

V. CONCLUSION

In this research paper we have explain Quantum Computer and why it could be a future computer. The aim of
this paper is to know that how quantum computers can exceed existing classical computers in the future. This
paper will help the reader to know about quantum computers. We also concentrated on quantum computing and
quantum algorithms which included quantum calculations, quantum structures and properties - Superposition,
Entanglement, and Interference.

In the future, there is a great need for Quantum Computers and at present, many companies and scientists are
researching Quantum computers to launch it commercially in market. Because a quantum computer can do those
things which are impossible or would take billions of years for any other computer.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to my college for giving me this opportunity. I give my very special thanks and sincere gratitude towards Prof. Sonia Dubey
for encouraging me to complete this research paper, guiding me and helping me through all the obstacles in the research. Her self-less
preaching influenced almost every aspect of my thought.

I also present my obligation towards all our past years teachers who have bestowed deep understanding and knowledge in us, over the past
years. We are obliged to our parents and family members who always supported me greatly and encouraged me in each and every step.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

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[3] “Quantum Algorithm Zoo” (29 April 2018) at Wayback Machine by Stephen Jordan's.

[4] “Quantum Computers” on (19 June 2009) by Schiller, Jon. ISBN 9781439243497.

[5] Brassard, Gilles; Høyer, Peter; Tapp, Alain (2016), "Quantum Algorithm for the Collision Problem", in Kao, Ming-Yang (ed.),
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[9] “15 Things Everyone Should Know About Quantum Computing -Oct 10, 2017 by Bernard Marr.
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[10] “20 Mind-Boggling Facts About Quantum Computing Everyone Should Read, Feb 23, 2018” by Bernard Marr.
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[11] Shohini Ghose “The Future of Quantum Computing, 2020”. https://www.bosch.com/stories/future-of-quantum-computing/

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