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10 Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

This document discusses various topics related to collecting data for research purposes. It covers prerequisites for data collection, methods of collecting qualitative and quantitative data including through secondary sources and attitudinal scales. It also addresses establishing the validity and reliability of research instruments, selecting samples in qualitative and quantitative research, writing research proposals, and considering ethical issues in data collection.

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130 views2 pages

10 Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

This document discusses various topics related to collecting data for research purposes. It covers prerequisites for data collection, methods of collecting qualitative and quantitative data including through secondary sources and attitudinal scales. It also addresses establishing the validity and reliability of research instruments, selecting samples in qualitative and quantitative research, writing research proposals, and considering ethical issues in data collection.

Uploaded by

Trendy News
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prerequisites

for data collection


Methods of data collection in qualitative research
Constructing a research instrument in qualitative research
Collecting data using secondary sources
Problems with using data from secondary sources
Summary

10 Collecting data using attitudinal scales


Measurement of attitudes in quantitative and qualitative research
Attitudinal scales in quantitative research
Functions of attitudinal scales
Difficulties in developing an attitudinal scale
Types of attitudinal scale
The summated rating or Likert scale
The equal-appearing interval or Thurstone scale
The cumulative or Guttman scale
Attitudinal scales and measurement scales
Attitudes and qualitative research
Summary

11 Establishing the validity and reliability of a research instrument


The concept of validity
Types of validity in quantitative research
Face and content validity
Concurrent and predictive validity
Construct validity
The concept of reliability
Factors affecting the reliability of a research instrument
Methods of determining the reliability of an instrument in quantitative research
External consistency procedures
Internal consistency procedures
Validity and reliability in qualitative research
Summary

STEP IV SELECTING A SAMPLE

12 Selecting a sample
The differences between sampling in quantitative and qualitative research
Sampling in quantitative research
The concept of sampling
Sampling terminology
Principles of sampling
Factors affecting the inferences drawn from a sample
Aims in selecting a sample
Types of sampling
Non-random/non-probability sampling designs in quantitative research
Systematic sampling design: a ‘mixed’ design
The calculation of sample size
Sampling in qualitative research
The concept of saturation point in qualitative research
Summary

STEP V WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

13 How to write a research proposal


The research proposal in quantitative and qualitative research
Contents of a research proposal
Preamble/introduction
The problem
Objectives of the study
Hypotheses to be tested
Study design
The setting
Measurement procedures
Ethical issues
Sampling
Analysis of data
Structure of the report
Problems and limitations
Appendix
Work schedule
Summary

STEP VI COLLECTING DATA

14 Considering ethical issues in data collection


Ethics: the concept
Stakeholders in research
Ethical issues to consider concerning research participants
Collecting information
Seeking consent
Providing incentives
Seeking sensitive information
The possibility of causing harm to participants
Maintaining confidentiality
Ethical issues to consider relating to the researcher
Avoiding bias
Provision or deprivation of a treatment
Using inappropriate research methodology
Incorrect reporting
Inappropriate use of the information
Ethical issues regarding the sponsoring organisation
Restrictions imposed by the sponsoring organisation
The misuse of information

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