© IJCIRAS | ISSN (O) - 2581-5334

August 2019 | Vol. 2 Issue. 3

AUTOMATIC HAND DRYER

May Lwin Thant1, Khine Myint Mon2, Khin Thandar Tun3
1Professor,Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University (Meiktila), Myanmar
2Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University (Meiktila), Myanmar
3Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University (Meiktila), Myanmar

A photo-resistor or LDR or Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) cell is

Abstract
a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing
Automatic hand dryer is automatically dried the incident light intensity. It can also be referenced as a
hands. This helps to prevents spreading bacteria photoconductor.
from the unclean hand, wastage of paper tower and A photo-resistor is made of a high resistance
huge time saver. The hand dryer consists of Light semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high
Department Resistor (LDR) and 555 timer IC. The 555 enough frequency, photons absorbed by the
timer IC is work as a monostable mode that it drives semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to
with the 5 V relay. Laser light falls on the LDR, the jump into the conduction band. The resulting free
hand drying system remains OFF state and when the electron (and its whole partner) conducts electricity,
laser light is blocked by the hand from falling on the thereby lowering resistance.
LDR, the hand drying system remains ON state. In
the other words, the light from the laser module is
cut off by the hand then the dryer is activated.

Keyword: LDR, 555 timer IC, Relay, Fan

1.INTRODUCTION

The transmission of bacteria is more likely to occur from Figure1. Photo-Resistor

wet skin than from dry skin, the proper drying of hand
2.2. Relay
after washing should be essential component of hand
hygiene producers. In the hand dryer system, air blower
is used for air flow as a control element to operate Relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing
sequentially that is control by the 555 timer IC. The 555 through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field
timer IC receives instruction from the LDR sensor and which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.
then activates the dryer. It supplies warm air current to In this system, 5-pin relay is used. Relay offers easy way
for LED to indicate a voltage is present at relay coil. As
dry up the completely washed hand. This machine is
specially designed for used in various restaurants, office, no input state, the common is connected to normally
testing area, public toilet and as for the general close and when operating voltage is applied to relay coil.
domestic drying of the hand at home. The usage of
these products is to promote hygienic lifestyle. Besides
that, it produces new technology which helps to prevent
the wastage of water and easy to use for all user.

2.FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPONENTS
Figure 2. Symbol of Relay
2.1. Light Sensor ( Photo-resistor)

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pulse. Motion detector circuit is sense the present of

hands through the LDR on which the light beam falls
from the laser module. During the time when the laser
light is falls on the LDR, the main circuit remains OFF
because there is low resistance in the LDR. When the
Figure 3. Relay light from the laser module is cut off by the hands then
the circuit is activate and then the heating coil and fun
2.3. 555 Timer IC will activate.

The 555 timer can be configured in three difference 4.OPERATION OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
mode: astable, monostable and bistable mode. In
monostable mode, an external resistor and capacitor
connected are used to set up the 555 timer as a
nonretriggerable one-shot. The pulse width is determine Heating fan
by the time constant of R and C. coil

+5 V
Hot air
RLDR 4 8 RVR
50 kΩ
6
555 Timer 5 V Relay NC
Laser
IC 3
module
2 COM
7
1 5 LN 4007 NO AC
Figure 4. Pin Layout of 555 Timer IC R1 220 V
100 kΩ C1 C2
10 nF 100 µF

Figure 7. Circuit Diagram of Automatic Hand Dryer

The circuit comprises of two divisions, one is LDR, the

light sensing circuit and another one is 555 timer IC. The
Figure 5. Design of 555 Timer IC LDR is paired with resistor R1 to form a potential divider
to feed the trigger voltage to the 555 timer IC. So
3.OPERATION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM voltage across LDR changes with intensity of light. It
gives maximum voltage when light falls above LDR. The
Power circuit is built around a 555 timer IC which was wired as
Supply a monostable mode. Monostable circuit gives a high
(5V)
output in the presence of negative trigger at the pin 2
whereas low output in the presence of positive trigger.
Monostable
This principle was used here to make the 555 timer IC as
Laser
LDR
Circuit Relay Dryer a switch when light incident in LDR. When there is no
module
presence of light, the potential divider gives a positive
(555 Timer (5 V) fan
IC)
trigger to the pin 2 of 555 timer IC. This results in low
signal output at the pin 3. Incident of light in LDR makes
Figure 6. Block Diagram of Automatic Hand Dryer
the potential divider to give out negative trigger to the
pin 2. The pin 8 and pin 1 are used to given power VCC
Automatic hand dryer circuit is combined with three
and Ground respectively. The 5 pin is grounded via a C1
main circuit; monostable circuit, motion detector circuit
(10 nF) to avoid high frequency noise. Threshold pin (pin
and power supply circuit. The 555 timer IC is work as a
6) is connected with potentiometer (50 kΩ) to control
monostable circuit for driving 5 V relay to emit the LDR

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the delay time. So this potentiometer can be used to

adjust the operation time of the circuit. When the output 4 8 RVR
is low, discharge pin (pin 7) discharges a C2 (100 µF) in RLDR
50 kΩ
6
the RC circuit to ground. The output of the 555 timer IC 555 Timer
IC 3
(pin 3) drives the relay. Since enough voltage appears 2 7
across the base emitter junction, the transistor conducts R1
1 5

and current passes through the relay coils. So relay 100 kΩ

C2
switches its contact and then activates the heating coil 100 µF

and fan.

5.DESIGN CALCULATION OF DELAY TIME OF

Figure 9. Part of RLDR and R1
AUTOMATIC HAND DRYER

VCC = 5 V
4 8 VR The value from measuring,
50 kΩ RLDR = 0.86 MΩ
6
555 Timer 𝑅1
IC 3 The voltage of the pin 2, V2 = ×VCC Equation
𝑅1+𝑅𝐿𝐷𝑅
2 7 (2)
1 5
100 𝑘
C2 = ×5
100 µF
100 𝑘+0.86 𝑀

= 0.53 V
Figure 8. Part of VR and C2
The V2 = 0.53 V is less than 1/3 VCC, therefore the output
In 555 timer monostable mode, voltage is high.
Delaytime,tw=1.1RC Equation The output voltage at pin 3 from measuring
(1) Vout = 2.7 V
For VR(min) = 0 kΩ,
Minimum delay time, tw (min) = 1.1VR(min)C2
= 1.1×0 ×100 µ 7.TEST AND RESULTS OF AUTOMATIC HAND
=0s DRYER
For VR(max) = 50 kΩ,
Maximum delay time, tw (max) = 1.1VR(max)C2
= 1.1×50 k×100 µ
= 5.5 s
Let VR = 45 kΩ,
The delay time of automatic hand dryer after the hand is
passed,
Delay time of hand dryer, tw = 1.1VRC2
= 1.1×45 k×100 µ
= 4.95 s

6.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PIN 2 OF 555 TIMER IC

Figure 10 . Design of Assembly Components on Printed
Circuit Board

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any means, it triggers the heating coil and fan. In the

end, this system is widely used in different places such
as public or personal. And then, automatic hand dryer is
made in low budget. This machine has been tested
under many conditions and has given a satisfactory
result and has proved to be very efficient. Before
construct automatic dryer, the first important thing is to
choose the right components list. It is also needed to
study the data sheet of these components. Then, it is
tested on universal project board. In hand dryer, LDR is
too sensitive to light and LED did not send enough light
to LDR at day time. It is needed to cover LDR to reduce
the sensitivity to light and LED is replaced with laser
module to send enough light in day time. A survey
Figure 11. Internal Circuit of Automatic Hand Dryer analysis was carried out to find the optimum time for
hand dryer for different ages.

REFERENCES

[1] Anonymous: Power Supply, (2018).

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-supply.
[2] JoJo: 555 Timer-A Complete Basic Guide,
August28,(2018).
[3] Ardmi: 7805 Voltage Regulator Fixed Positive
5V Linear, December9, (2016).
http://qqtrading.com.my/7805-05V.
[4] Administrator: Monostable Multivibrator
using 555 Timer, (2015)
http://www.electronicshub.org/monostable-
multivibrator-using-555-timer/.

Figure 12. Final Design of Automatic Hand Dryer

8.CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS

The use of new electronic theories has been put down

by expertise to increase the facilities given by the
existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary hand
dryer is increased by the making it controlled
automatically. Automatic hand dryer provides health
benefits and automatic application. It also saves amount
of water and time. This system is simple to use and
efficient. It is assembled with ease. It is cheap and hence
very economic. It is small in size. In automatic hand
dryer, the laser and LDR system is highly sensitive with a
great range of working. The system senses the light
emitted by the laser falling over the LDR connected with
the circuit. Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by

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