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08-Comb Function & Hardware

The document discusses power generation through gas turbine combustion. It provides details on diffusion flames, premix flames, stoichiometric air flow, excess air ratios, temperature profiles and distributions in the combustion chamber, and combustion chamber components like burners and flame detectors.
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
15 views

08-Comb Function & Hardware

The document discusses power generation through gas turbine combustion. It provides details on diffusion flames, premix flames, stoichiometric air flow, excess air ratios, temperature profiles and distributions in the combustion chamber, and combustion chamber components like burners and flame detectors.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

N o te : D iffu s io n :
M ix e d = B u r n t G a s e s a r e m ix e d b y m e a n s o f
i. e ., a s s o o n a s fu e l a n d a ir a re d iffe r e n c e s o f lo c a l c o n c e n tr a tio n .
m ix e d w e ll e n o u g h , th e c o m b u s tio n T h is p r o c e s s is d e p e n d in g o n :
s ta rts a n d is fin is h e d w ith in m illis e c o n d s . 1 ) T im e a v a ila b le
T im e is n e e d e d fo r m ix in g o n ly !! 2 ) M o v e m e n t s q u a re to flo w
d ir e c tio n ( tu r b u le n c e , s w ir l)

5 C o n tin u in g a ir s u p p ly ;
T e m p e r a tu r e is r e d u c e d
s o th a t n o fu r th e r lig h t e m is s io n .

C o n tin u in g a ir s u p p ly ;
4
T e m p e r a tu r e s till h ig h e n o u g h
fo r e m ittin g lig h t.

3 C o m b u s tio n c o m p le te d .

C o n tin u in g a ir s u p p ly ;
2
F u e l is c o m b u s te d .
S te e p te m p e r a tu r e r is e .

1 L iq u id fu e l is e v a p o r a te d a n d
m ix e d w ith a m b ie n t a ir .
T e m p e r a tu r e r is e m a r g in a l

L o c a l te m p e r a tu r e p r o file

C a n d le a s e x a m p le o f a d iffu s io n fla m e
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

F u e l F u e l

A ir A ir

M ix in g Z o n e

F la m e F r o n t =
Ig n itio n S o u r c e

T e m p e r a tu r e P r o file
a t th is P la n e

H o t G a s

D iffu s io n B u r n e r P r e m ix B u r n e r

C o m b u s tio n P r in c ip le
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n
D e fin itio n s :
- S to ic h io m e tr ic A ir F lo w :
F lo w r e q u ir e d fo r c o m p le te c o m b u s tio n ,
i. e . e v e ry fu e l m o le c u le fin d s th e a d e q u a te n u m b e r o f o x y g e n m o le c u le s fo r
c o m b u s tio n . T h u s : s to ic h io m e tr ic a ir flo w is a fu n c tio n o f th e fu e l flo w .
- E x c e s s A ir R a tio :
a ir flo w a v a ila b le m a ir o x y g e n flo w a v a ila b le
= p r o p o r tio n a l to o r:
s to ic h . a ir flo w m fu e l o x y g e n c o n s u m e d a t c o m b u s tio n

T w o d e fin itio n s fo r
m a ir a t c o m b u s t i o n z o n e ( c o m p r . f l o w - c o o lin g a ir flo w )
c o m b =
s to ic h io m e tr ic a ir flo w
a b o u t 3 3 % o f c o m p r e s s o r flo w
( ta k e th is a s a g u e s s e d fig u r e o n ly !)
m a ir th ro u g h c o m p re s s o r
to ta l =
s to ic h io m e tr ic a ir flo w

E x a m p le ( a t fu ll lo a d o p e r a tio n ) :
o x y g e n c o n te n t o f a ir = 2 1 %
o x y g e n c o n te n t o f flu e g a s = 1 5 %

1 4 %
c o m b = = 2 ,3
6 %
2 1 %
to ta l = = 3 ,5 fu r n is h e s IS O tu r b in e in le t te m p T IT = 1 2 3 0 ° C
6 %

A t C o m b u s tio n Z o n e :
p p m
N O

" s w im s a w a y "
C O
x
F la s h b a c k
F la m e

F la m e

1 ,8 2 ,3 2 ,6 c o m b

T c o m b
2 4 0 0 1 8 7 0 1 6 5 0
2 ,7 3 ,5 3 ,9 to ta l

T IT
1 5 9 0 1 2 3 0 1 1 0 0

F u e l - A ir R a tio
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

In c o m in g m ix tu r e
fu e l / a ir

th e s e r e c ir c u la tin g flo w s
s ta b iliz e th e fla m e

F la m m e fr o n t

w a rm

v e ry w a rm

h o t

v e ry h o t

h o t g a s to tu r b in e

T e m p e r a tu r e D is tr ib u tio n in C o m b u s tio n C h a m b e r ( F la m e - T u b e )
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

c e r a m ic h e a t s h ie ld

F la m e D e te c to r

m e ta llic h e a t s h ie ld s
( c e r a m ic c o a te d )

C B O
( c o n c e n tr ic b u r n e r o u tle t)

C o m b u s tio n C h a m b e r w ith C B O B u r n e r s a n d F ir s t T u r b in e S ta g e V a n e s
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

H e a t S h ie ld s a n d T h e ir F ix in g s
I T h e r m o c o u p le fo r
P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

b u rn e r b o d y te m p
S te fa n ie
W o lfg a n g

N a tu r a l G a s p r e m ix d u c t
C o n c e n tr ic b u r n e r o u tle t
B u r n e r la n c e w ith
(C B O ) C o m b u s tio n a ir Ig n itio n e le c tr o d e s - F O fo rw a rd in g d u c t
( p r im a r y a ir ) ( v o lta g e 5 k V ) - F O re tu rn d u c t
- N G d iffu s io n d u c t
- N G p ilo t d u c t

C o m b u s tio n a ir
F u e l O il p r e m ix d u c t N a tu r a l G a s d iff in le t
( m a jo r p o r tio n )

C B O - B u rn e r B o d y
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

T h e r m o c o u p le P r im a r y a ir F G P r e m ix to C C F G P ilo t to C C
(B u rn e r b o d y te m p )
F O B u r n e r la n c e
N O x w a te r
F O D iff r e tu r n
F G P r e m ix D ia g S w ir le r B o d y

A x S w ir le r B o d y

F O D iff to C C
F G D iff to C C

F O P r e m ix to C C
C o m b u s tio n A ir
D ia g s w ir le r v a n e s
F O P r e m ix S p a r k p lu g
F O D iff F o r w

F G D iff F G P ilo t

B u r n e r A s s e m b ly ( fu ll s c o p e )
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

F u e l O il, r e tu r n flo w F u e l O il, fo r w a r d in g flo w F u e l O il, in je c te d flo w


( a d ju s te d b y F O - R e tu r n C V ) ( a d ju s te d b y F O - F o r w C V ) ( e s ta b lis h e d b y p r e s s u r e d iff
a t 1 0 0 % lo a d : 3 0 b a r a t 1 0 0 % lo a d : 6 0 b a r b e tw e e n s w ir l- & c o m b c h a m b e r s )

C o m b u s tio n c h a m b e r
a t 1 0 0 % lo a d : 1 6 b a r
V o rte x b re a k e r S w ir l c h a m b e r T a n g e n tia l s lo ts
a t 1 0 0 % lo a d : 3 2 b a r (c a u s e v o rte x flo w
o f h u g e fre q u e n c y ,
a b o u t 4 k H z )

F u e l O il D iffu s io n B u r n e r N o z z le ( D e ta il)
I P o w e r G e n e r a tio n

B u rn e r B o d y
T e m p e ra tu re
M e a s u re m e n t

m ix
re
i l P
O
u e l
F
ilo t

e m ix
s P

a t th e b o tto m :
s P r
G a

F u e l G a s D iffu s io n
e l

l G a
F u

F u e

F u e l O il D iffu s io n F o r w a r d in g
F u e l O il D iffu s io n R e tu r n

B u rn e r T o p (N o . 5 )

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