IMAGE PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION

When a slow screen/film system is used with a fast screen/film automatic exposure control system, the
resulting images:

A.) Are too light B.) Are too dark C.) Have improved detail D.) Have poor detail

ANS A.) Are too light

Exposure-type artifacts include:

1.) Motion 2.) Static Electricity Marks 3.) Pi Lines

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS A.) 1 only

With all other factors constant, as a digital image matrix size increases,

1.) Pixel size decreases 2.) Resolution increases 3.) Pixel size increases

A.) 1 only B.) 2 only C.) 1 and 2 only D.) 2 and 3 only

ANS C.) 1 and 2 only

The conversion of the individual latent image into a visible manifest image takes place in the:

A.) Developer B.) Focal spot blur C.) Double exposure D.) Poor screen/film contact

ANS A.) Developer

Conditions contributing to poor radiographic film archival quality include:

1.) Fixer retention 2.) Insufficient developer replenishment 3.) Poor storage conditions

A.) 1 only B.) 3 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Of the following groups of exposure factors which will produce the greatest radiographic density?

A.) 200 mA, 0.03 sec, 72 inch SID

B.) 100 mA, 0.03 sec, 36 inch SID

C.) 100 mA, 0.06 sec, 36 SID

D.) 200 mA, 0.06 sec, 72 SID

ANS C.) 100 mA, 0.06 sec, 36 SID

The exposure factors used for a particular non-grid radiograph were 400 mA, 0.02 s, and 90 kVp.
Another radiograph using an 8:1 grid is requested. Which of the following groups of factors is most
appropriate?

A.) 400 mA, 0.02 s, and 119 kVp

B.) 200 mA, 0.08 s, and 90 kVp

C.) 300 mA, 0.05 s, and 100 kVp

D.) 400 mA, 0.08 s, and 90 kVp

ANS D.) 400 mA, 0.08 s, and 90 kVp

Radiographic contrast is a result of:

1.) Differential tissue absorption

2.) Emulsion characteristics

3.) Proper regulation of mAs

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following are methods of limiting the production of scattered radiation?

1.) Using moderate ratio grids

2.) Using the prone position for abdominal exams

3.) Restricting the field size to the smallest practical size

A.) 1 and 2 only B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS C.) 2 and 3 only

Screen/film imaging is one example of a(n):

A.) Analog system B.) Digital system

C.) Electromagnetic system D.) Direct-action radiation system

ANS A.) Analog system

Decreasing film size from 14 x 17 in to 8 x 10 in will:

A.) Decrease radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter radiation generated within the
part.

B.) Decrease radiographic density and increase the amount of scatter radiation generated within the
part.

C.) Increase radiographic density and increase the amount of scatter radiation generated within the
part.

D.) Increase radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter radiation generated within the
part.
ANS A.) Decrease radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter radiation generated within
the part.

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the greatest radiographic density?

A.) 100 mA, 0.30 sec B.) 200 mA, 0.10 sec

C.) 400 mA, 0.03 sec D.) 600 mA, 0.03 sec

ANS A.) 100 mA, 0.30 sec

The function of the developing solution is to:

A.) Reduce the manifest image to a latent image.

B.) Increase production of silver halide crystals.

C.) Reduce the latent image to a manifest image.

D.) Remove the unexposed crystals from the film.

ANS C.) Reduce the latent image to a manifest image.

An exposure was made at a 38 in SID using 300 mA, a 0.03 s exposure, and 80 kVp with a 400
film/screen combination and an 8:1 grid. It is desired to repeat the radiograph and, in order to improve
recorded detail, to use a 42 in SID and a 200 film/screen combination. With all other factors remaining
constant, what exposure time will be required to maintain the original radiographic density?

A.) 0.03 s B.) 0.07 s C.) 0.14 s D.) 0.36 s

ANS B.) 0.07 s

X-ray film is packaged in a foil bag to protect it from:

A.) Excessive heat B.) Excessive humidity

C.) Radiation fog D.) Dust

ANS B.) Excessive humidity

Which of the following is (are) essential to high-quality mammographic examination?

1.) Small focal spot x-ray tube

2.) Long scale of contrast

3.) Use of a compression device

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS C.) 1 and 3 only

A grid is usually employed in which of the following circumstances?

1.) When radiographing a large or dense body part.

2.) When using high kilovoltage

3.) When a lower patient dose is required.

A.) 1 only B.) 3 only C.) 1 and 2 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS C.) 1 and 2 only

If the quantity of black metallic silver on a particular radiograph is such that it allows 1 percent of the
illuminator light to pass through the film, that film has a density of:

A.) 0.01 B.) 0.1 C.) 1.0 D.) 2.0

ANS D.) 2.0

The process of "leveling and windowing" of digital images determines the image:

A.) Spatial resolution B.) Contrast C.) Pixel size D.) Matrix size

ANS B.) Contrast

Exposure factors of 90 kVp and 4 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the
new mAs if an 8:1 grid is added?

A.) 8 mAs B.) 12 mAs C.) 16 mAs D.) 20 mAs

ANS C.) 16 mAs

What is added to the developer to prevent excessive softening of the emulsion and its sticking to
processor rollers?

A.) Hydroquinone B.) Glutaraldehyde

C.) Ammonium thiosulfate D.) Potassium Bromide

ANS B.) Glutaraldehyde

In a PA projection of the chest being used for cardiac evaluation, the heart measures 15.2 cm between
its widest points. If the magnification factor is known to be 1.3, what is the actual diameter of the heart?

A.) 9.7 cm B.) 11.7 cm C.) 19.7 cm D.) 20.3 cm

ANS B.) 11.7 cm

Unopened boxes of radiographic film should be stored away from radiation and:

A.) In the horizontal position B.) In the vertical position

C.) Stacked with the oldest on top D.) Stacked with the newest on top

ANS B.) In the vertical position

Which of the following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure factors?

A.) Congestive heart failure B.) Pneumonia

C.) Emphysema D.) Pleural Effusion

ANS C.) Emphysema

Factors that contribute to film fog include:

1.) The age of the film

2.) Excessive exposure to safelight

3.) Processor chemistry

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

The advantage(s) of high-kilovoltage chest radiography is (are) that:

1.) Exposure latitude is increased

2.) It produces long scale contrast

3.) It reduces patient dose

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3
ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is (are) part of the daily recommendations for processor quality controls?

1.) Sensitometry testing

2.) Temperature checks

3.) Crossover racks cleaning

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Compared to a low ratio grid, a high ratio grid will:

1.) Absorb more primary radation

2.) Absorb more scattered radiation

3.) Allow more centering latitude

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 1 and 2 only

How is the mAs adjusted in an AEC system as the film/screen combination is decreased?

A.) The mAs increases as film/screen speed decreases

B.) Both the mAs and the kVp increase as film/screen speed decreases

C.) The mAs decreases as film/screen speed decreases

D.) The mAs remains unchanged as film/screen speed decreases

ANS D.) the mAs remains unchanged as film/screen speed decreases.

Using a short (25-30 in) SID with a large-size (14 x 17 in) image receptor is likely to:

A.) Increase the scale of contrast B.) Increase the anode heel effect

C.) Cause malfunction of the AEC D.) Cause premature termination of the exposure

ANS B.) Increase the anode heel effect

In order to be suitable for use in intensifying screens, a phosphor should have which of the following
characteristics?

1.) High conversion efficiency

2.) High x-ray absorption

3.) High atomic number

A.) 1 only B.) 3 only C.) 1 and 2 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which portion of the characteristic curve represents overexposure of the film emulsion?

A.) Toe portion B.) Straight line portion

C.) Shoulder portion D.) Average gradient portion

ANS C.) Shoulder portion

The purpose of the automatic processor's circulation system is to:

A.) Monitor and adjust temperature

B.) Agitate, mix and filter solutions

C.) Move the film and change its direction

D.) Monitor the solution and replace it as necessary

ANS B.) Agitate, mix, and filter solutions

In radiography of a large abdomen, which of the following is (are) effective way(s) to minimize the
amount of scattered radiation reaching the film?

1.) Use of close collimation

2.) Use of compressive devices

3.) Use of a low ratio grid

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 1 and 2 only

The effect described as differential absorption is:

1.) Responsible for radiographic contrast

2.) A result of attenuating characteristics of tissue

3.) Minimized by the use of high kVp

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Quantum mottle is most obvious when using:

A.) Slow speed screens B.) Rare earth screens

C.) Fine grain film D.) Minimal filtration

ANS B.) Rare earth screens

A radiograph made using 300 mA, 0.1 s, and 75 kVp exhibits motion unsharpness, but otherwise
satisfactory technical quality. The radiograph will be repeated using a shorter exposure time. Using 86
kVp and 500 mA, what should be the new exposure time?

A.) 0.12 s B.) 0.06 s C.) 0.03 s D.) 0.01 s

ANS C.) 0.03 s

In general, as the intensification factor increases,

1.) radiographic density increases.

2.) Screen resolution increases.

3.) Recorded detail increases.

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS A.) 1 only

When green-sensitive rare earth screens are properly matched with the correct film, what type of
safelight should be used in the dark room?

A.) Wratten 6B B.) GBX or GS1 C.) Amber D.) None

ANS B.) GBX or GS1

A 3 inch object to be radiographed at a 36 inch SID lies 4 inches from the image recorder. What will be
the image width?

A.) 2.6 inch B.) 3.3 inch C.) 26 inch D.) 33 inch

ANS B.) 3.3 inch

In comparison to 60 kVp, 80 kVp will:

1.) Permit greater exposure latitude

2.) Produce longer scale contrast

3.) produce more scatter radiation

A.) 1 only B.) 2 only C.) 1 and 2 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

A satisfactory radiograph was made using a 40 inch SID, 10 mAs, and a 12:1 grid. If the exam will be
repeated at a distance of 48 inches and using an 8:1 grid, what should be the new mAs in order to
maintain the original density?

A.) 5.6 mAs B.) 8.8 mAs C.) 11.5 mAs D.) 14.4 mAs

ANS C.) 11.5 mAs

Misalignment of the tube part film relationship results in:

A.) Shape distortion B.) Size distortion

C.) Magnification D.) Blur

ANS A.) Shape distortion

Which of the following have an effect on recorded detail?

1.) Focal spot size

2.) Type of rectification

3.) SID

A.) 1 and 2 only B.) 1 and 3 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 1 and 3 only

Which of the following can affect demonstration of the anode heel effect?

1.) SID

2.) Image recorder size

3.) Screen speed

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following groups of technical factors will produce the greatest radiographic density?

A.) 400 mA, 0.010 s, 94 kVp, 100-speed screens

B.) 500 mA, 0.008 s, 94 kVp, 200-speed screens

C.) 200 mA, 0.040 s, 94 kVp, 50-speed screens

D.) 100 mA, 0.020 s, 80 kVp, 200-speed screens

ANS B.) 500 mA, 0.008 s, 84 kVp, 200 speed screens

The line focus principle expresses the relationship between:

A.) The actual and effective focal spot.

B.) Exposure given the film and resultant density.

C.) SID used and resultant density.

D.) Grid ratio and lines per inch.

ANS A.) The actual and effective focal spot

Greater latitude is available to the radiographer in which of the following circumstances?

1.) Using high kVp technical factors

2.) Using a slow film/screen combinations

3.) Using a low-ratio grid

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

The relationship between the intensity of light striking a film and the intensity of light transmitted
through the film is an expression of which of the following?

A.) Radiographic contrast

B.) Radiographic density

C.) Recorded detail

D.) Radiographic filtration

ANS B.) Radiographic density

With a given exposure, as intensifying screen speed decreases, how is radiographic density affected?

A.) Decreases

B.) Increases

C.) Remains unchanged

D.) Is variable

ANS A.) Decreases

Using a 48 inch SID, how much OID must be introduced to magnify an object two times?

A.) 8 inch OID B.) 12 inch OID C.) 16 inch OID D.) 24 inch OID

ANS D.) 24 inch OID

High kilovoltage exposure factors are usually required for radiographic examinations using:

1.) Water-soluble, iodinated media

2.) A Negative contrast agent

3.) Barium sulfate

A.) 1 only B.) 2 only C.) 3 only D.) 1 and 3 only

ANS C.) 3 only

What determines the quantity of fluorescent light emitted from a fluorescent screen?

1.) Thickness of the phosphor layer

2.) Type of phosphor used

3.) kV range used for exposure

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is most likely to produce a radiograph with a long scale of contrast?

A.) Increased photon energy

B.) Increased screen speed

C.) Increased mAs

D.) Increased SID

ANS A.) Increased photon energy

Which of the following technical changes would best serve to remedy the effect of widely different
tissue densities?

A.) Use of high speed screens

B.) Use of a high ratio grid

C.) High kVp exposure factors

D.) High mAs exposure factors

ANS C.) High kVp exposure factors

When an automatic processor is started up at the beginning of the day, or restarted after an extended
standby period, the technologist should process an:

A.) Unexposed, undeveloped 14 x 17 in film

B.) Exposed and developed 14 x 17 in film

C.) Unexposed and developed 14 x 17 in film

D.) Unexposed or unexposed and developed 14 x 17 in film.

A.) Unexposed, undeveloped, 14 x 17 inch film

Exposed silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver by the:

A.) Preservative

B.) Reducers

C.) Activators

D.) Hardener

B.) Reducers

SID effects recorded detail in which of the following ways?

A.) Recorded detail is directly related to SID.

B.) Recorded detail is inversely related to SID.

C.) As SID increases, recorded detail decreases

D.) SID is not a detail factor

A.) Recorded detail is directly related to SID

The function(s) of the fixer in film processing is (are) to:

1.) Remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals.

2.) Change the unexposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver.

3.) Harden the emulsion.

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 3 only

A film emerging from the automatic processor exhibits excessive density. This may be attributable to
which of the following?

1.) Developer

2.) Chemical fog

3.) Underreplenishment

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Types of moving grid mechanisms include:

1.) Oscillating

2.) Reciprocating

3.) Synchronous

A.) 1 only (B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 1 and 3 only D.) 2 and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

All of the following are related to recorded detail except:

A.) mA B.) Focal spot size C.) Screen speed D.) OID

ANS A.) mA

An exposure was made of a part using 300 mA and 0.06 s and using a 100-speed film/screen
combination. An additional radiograph is requested using a 400 speed system in order to reduce motion
unsharpness. Using 200 mA, all other factors remaining constant, what should be the new exposure
time?

A.) 0.02 s

B.) 0.04 s

C.) 0.45 s
D.) 0.80 s

A.) 0.02 s

Most laser film must be handled:

A.) Under a Wratten 6B safelight.

B.) In total darkness.

C.) Under a GBX safelight.

D.) With high-temperature processors.

B.) In total darkness

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the longest scale of contrast?

A.) 200 mA, 0.08 s, 95 kVp, 12:1 grid

B.) 500 mA, 0.03 s, 81 kVp, 8:1 grid

C.) 300 mA, 0.05 s, 95 kVp, 8:1 grid

D.) 600 mA, 1/40 s, 70 kVp, 6:1 grid

C.) 300 mA, 0.05 s, 95 kVp, 8:1 grid

What will result from using single-emulsion film in an image receptor having a two intensifying screens?

A.) Double exposure

B.) Decreased density

C.) Increased recorded detail

D.) Greater latitude

B.) Decreased density

A particular radiograph was produced using a 6 mAs and 110 kVp with an 8:1 grid. The radiograph is to
be repeated using a 16:1 ratio grid. What should be the new mAs?

A.) 3 mAs

B.) 6 mAs

C.) 9 mAs

D.) 12 mAs
C.) 9 mAs

Which of the following factors influence(s) the production of scattered radiation?

1.) Kilovoltage level

2.) Tissue density

3.) Size of field

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A 15 percent increase in kVp accompanied by a 50 percent decrease in mAs result in a(n):

A.) Shorter scale of contrast

B.) Increase in exposure latitude

C.) Increase in radiographic density

D.) Decrease in recorded detail

B.) Increase in exposure latitude

Which of the following is (are) causes of grid cutoff when using reciprocating grids?

1.) Inadequate SID

2.) X-ray tube off-center with the long axis of the lead strips

3.) Angling the beam in the direction of the lead strips

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only
Foreshortening of an anatomic structure means that:

A.) It is projected on the film shorter than its actual size.

B.) Its image is more lengthened than its actual size.

C.) It is accompanied by geometric blur.

D.) It is significantly magnified.

A. It is projected on the film shorter than its actual size.

Focal spot blur is greatest:

A.) Directly along the course of the central ray.

B.) Toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam.

C.) Toward the anode end of the x-ray beam.

D.) As the SID is increased.

B.) Toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam.

A particular mAs, regardless of the combination of mA and time, will reproduce the same radiographic
density. This is a statement of the:

A.) Line focus principle

B.) Inverse square law

C.) Reciprocity law

D.) Law of conservation of energy

C.) Reciprocity law

The image receptor front can be made of which of the following materials?

1.) Carbon fiber

2.) Magnesium

3.) Lead

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Treelike, branching marks on a radiograph are usually the result of:

A.) Bending the film acutely

B.) Improper development

C.) Improper film storage

D.) Static electricity

D.) Static electricity

The continued emission of light by a phosphor after the activating source has ceased is termed:

A.) Fluorescence

B.) Phosphorescence

C.) Image Intensification

D.) Quantum Mottle

B.) Phosphorescence

Which of the following is (are) method(s) that would enable the radiographer to reduce the exposure
time required for a particular radiograph?

1.) Use higher mA

2.) Use higher kVp

3.) Use faster film/screen combination

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3
If 82 kVp, 300 mA, and 0.05 s were used for a particular exposure using three-phase, twelve-pulse
equipment, what mAs would be required, using single-phase equipment, to produce a similar
radiograph?

A.) 7.5 mAs

B.) 20 mAs

C.) 30 mAs

D.) 50 mAs

C.) 30 mAs

A focal spot size of 0.3 mm or smaller is essential for:

A.) Small Bone radiography

B.) Magnification radiography

C.) Tomography

D.) Fluoroscopy

B.) Magnification radiography

Materials that emit light when stimulated by x-ray photons are called:

A.) Ions

B.) Electrodes

C.) Phosphors

D.) Crystals

C.) Phosphors

In which of the following examinations should 70 kVp not be exceeded?

A.) Upper GI (UGI)

B.) Barium Enema (BE)

C.) Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

D.) Chest

C.) Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

The term spectral matching refers to the fact that film sensitivity must be matched with the:

A.) Proper color screen fluorescence

B.) Correct kVp level

C.) Correct mA level

D.) Proper developer concentration

A.) Proper color screen fluorescence

Which of the following is the correct order of radiographic film processing?

A.) Developer, wash, fixer, dry

B.) Fixer, wash, developer, dry

C.) Developer, fixer, wash, dry

D.) Fixer, developer, wash, dry

C.) Developer, fixer, wash, dry

If the radiographer is unable to achieve a short OID because of the structure of the body part or patient
condition, which of the following adjustments can be made to minimize magnification distortion?

A.) A smaller focal spot size should be used.

B.) A longer SID should be used.

C.) Faster intensifying screens should be used.

D.) A lower-ratio grid should be used.

B.) A longer SID should be used

The variation in photon distribution between the anode and cathode ends of the x-ray tube is known as:

A.) The line focus principle

B) The anode heel effect

C.) The inverse square law

D.) Bohr's theory

B.) The anode heel effect

A compensating filter is used to:

A.) Absorb the harmful photons that contribute only to patient dose.

B.) Even out widely differing tissue densities

C.) Eliminate much of the scattered radiation

D.) Improve fluoroscopy

B.) Even out widely differing tissue densities

Which of the following contribute to the radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph?

1.) Atomic number of tissues radiographed

2.) Any pathologic processes

3.) Degree of muscle development

A.) 1 and 2 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

The exposure factors of 300 mA, 0.07 s, and 95 kVp were used to produce a particular radiographic
density and contrast. A similar radiograph can be produced using 500 mA, 80 kVp and:

A.) 0.01 s

B.) 0.04 s

C.) 0.08 s

D.) 0.16 s

C.) 0.08 s

An unexposed and processed film will have a density of about:

A.) Zero

B.) 0.1
C.) 1.0

D.) 2.5

B.) 0.1

Foreshortening can be caused by:

A.) The radiograph object being placed at an angle to the film.

B.) Excessive distance between the object and the film.

C.) Insufficient distance between the focus and the film.

D.) Excessive distance between the focus and the film.

A.) The radiograph object being placed at an angle to the film.

If a lateral projection of the chest is being performed on an asthenic patient and the outer photocells are
selected, what is likely to be the outcome?

A.) Decreased density

B.) Increased density

C.) Scattered radiation fog

D.) Motion blur

A.) Decreased density

If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to
produce 60 mAs?

A.) 1/60 s

B.) 1/30 s

C.) 1/10 s

D.) 1/5 s

D.) 1/5 s

What are the effects of scattered radiation on the radiographic image?

1.) It produces fog

2.) It increases contrast

3.) It increases grid cutoff

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only

Which of the following groups of exposure factors would be most appropriate to control involuntary
motion?

A.) 400 mA, 0.03 sec

B.) 200 mA, 0.06 sec

C.) 600 mA, 0.02 sec

D.) 100 mA, 0.12 sec

C.) 600 mA, 0.02 s

Boxes of film stored in too warm an area may be subject to:

A.) Static marks

B.) Film fog

C.) High contrast

D.) Loss of density

B.) Film fog

Types of shape distortion include:

1.) Magnification

2.) Elongation

3.) Foreshortening

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 2 and 3 only

Although the stated focal spot size is measured directly under the actual focal spot, focal spot size really
varies along the length of the x-ray beam. At which portion of the x-ray beam is the effective focal spot
the largest?

A.) At its outer edge

B.) Along the path of the central ray

C.) At the cathode end

D.) At the anode end

C.) At the cathode end

Which of the following can affect the amount of developer replenisher delivered per film in an
automatic processor?

A.) Developer temperature

B.) Amount of film exposure

C.) Film size

D.) Processor capacity

C.) Film size

The squeegee assembly in an automatic processor:

1.) Functions to remove excess solution from films.

2.) Is located near the crossover rollers.

3.) Helps establish the film's rate of travel.

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 1 and 2 only

Because of the anode heel effect, the intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest along the:

A.) Path of the central ray

B.) Anode end of the beam

C.) Cathode end of the beam

D.) Transverse axis of the film

C.) Cathode end of the beam

Underexposure of a radiograph can be caused by all of the following except insufficient.

A.) mA

B.) Exposure time

C.) kVp

D.) SID

ANS D.) SID

Which of the following is performed to check the correctness of the developing parameters?

A.) Densitometry

B.) A thorough cleaning of rollers

C.) A warm-up procedure

D.) Sensitometry

D.) Sensitometry

An AP radiograph of the hip was made using 400 mA, 0.05 s, 76 kVp, 40 inch SID, 1.2 mm focal spot, and
a 400 speed film/screen system.

Referring to the given information, and with all other factors remaining constant, which of the following
exposure times would be required in order to maintain radiographic density at a 36 inch SID using the
500 mA station, and with an increase to 87 kVp?

A.) 0.04 s

B.) 0.08 s

C.) 0.016 s
D.) 0.032 s

C.) 0.016 s

An AP radiograph of the hip was made using 400 mA, 0.05 s, 76 kVp, 40 inch SID, 1.2 mm focal spot, and
a 400 speed film/screen system.

Referring to the original factors, and with all other factors remaining constant, which of the following
exposure times would be required in order to maintain radiographic density using 400 mA and a 200
speed film/screen system, and with the addition of an 8:1 grid?

A.) 0.12 s

B.) 0.18 s

C.) 0.4 s

D.) 0.6 s

C.) 0.4 s

The sensitometric curve may be used to:

1.) Identify automatic processing problems.

2.) Determine film sensitivity.

3.) Illustrate screen speed.

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Using fixed mAs and variable kVp technical factors, each centimeter increase in patient thickness
requires what adjustment in kilovoltage?

A.) Increase 2 kVp

B.) Decrease 2 kVp

C.) Increase 4 kVp

D.) Decrease 4 kVp

A.) Increase 2 kVp

A decrease in recorded detail may be expected with a decrease in:

1.) SID

2.) Focal spot size

3.) Screen speed

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only

Factor(s) that can be used to regulate radiographic density is (are):

1.) mA

2.) exposure time

3.) kV

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following can result from improper film storage or darkroom conditions?

1.) Safelight fog

2.) Background radiation fog

3.) Screen lag

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

What is the purpose of the thin layer of lead that is often located behind the rear intensifying screen in
an image receptor?

A.) To prevent crossover.

B.) To increase screen speed

C.) To diffuse light photons

D.) To prevent scattered radiation fog

D.) To prevent scattered radiation fog

Which of the following will result if developer replenishment is inadequate

A.) Films with excessively high contrast

B.) Films with excessively low contrast

C.) Films with excessively high density

D.) Dry, brittle films

B.) Films with excessively low contrast

What combination of exposure factors and image receptor speed would best function to reduce
quantum mottle?

A.) Decreased mAs, decreased kVp, fast speed screens

B.) Increased mAs, decreased kVp, slow speed screens

C.) Decreased mAs, increased kVp, fast speed screens

D.) Increased mAs, increased kVp, fast speed screens

B.) Increased mAs, decreased kVp, slow speed screens

Recorded detail can be improved by decreasing:

1.) The SID

2.) The OID

3.) Motion unsharpness

A.) 1 only

B.) 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 2 and 3 only

The number of x-ray photons delivered to the patient in a given exposure is primarily regulated by

A.) mAs

B.) kVp

C.) SID

D.) Focal spot size

A.) mAs

Which of the following quantities of filtration is most likely to be used in mammography?

A.) 0.5 mm Mo

B.) 1.5 mm Al

C.) 1.5 mm Cu

D.) 2.0 mm Cu

A.) 0.5 mm Mo

Which of the following can be used to determine the sensitivity of a particular film emulsion?

A.) Sensitometric curve

B.) Dose response curve

C.) Reciprocity Law

D.) Invere Square Law

A.) Sensitometric curve

A wire mesh test is performed to diagnose screen:

A.) Lag

B.) Contact

C.) Resolution

D.) Intensification

B.) Contact

The exposure factors of 300 mA, 0.017 s, and 72 kVp produce an mAs value of:

A.) 5

B.) 50

C.) 500

D.) 5000

A.) 5

All of the following statements regarding CR cassettes are true, except:

A.) CR cassettes do not contain radiographic film

B.) CR cassettes use no intensifying screens

C.) CR cassettes must exclude all white light

D.) CR cassettes must function to protect the IP (Image Plate)

C.) CR cassettes must exclude all white light

Which of the following radiographic accessories functions to produce uniform density on a radiograph?

A.) Grid

B.) Intensifying screens

C.) Compensating filter

D.) Penetrometer

C.) Compensating filter

A change from 100 speed screens to 200 speed screens would require what change in mAs?

A.) mAs should be increased by 15%

B.) mAs should be increased by 20%

C.) mAs should be increased by 30%

D.) mAs should be halved

D.) mAs should be halved

Which of the following is (are) classified as rare earth phosphors?

1.) Lanthanum oxybromide

2.) Gadolinium oxysulfide

3.) Cesium Iodide

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

For which of the following examinations can the anode heel effect be an important consideration?

1.) Lateral thoracic spine

2.) AP femur

3.) RAO Sternum

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following pathologic conditions would require an increase in exposure factors?

A.) Pneumoperitoneum
B.) Obstructed bowel

C.) Renal Colic

D.) Ascites

D.) Ascites

A radiograph made with a parallel grid demonstrates decreased density on its lateral edges. This is most
likely due to:

A.) Static electrical discharge

B.) The grid being off-centered

C.) Improper tube angle

D.) Decreased SID

D.) Decreased SID

How are mAs and radiographic density related in the process of image formation?

A.) mAs and radiographic density are inversely proportional

B.) mAs and radiographic density are directly proportional

C.) mAs and radiographic density are related to image unsharpness

D.) mAs and radiographic density are unrelated

B.) mAs and radiographic density are directly proportional

OID is related to recorded detail in which of the following ways?

A.) Radiographic detail is directly related to OID

B.) Radiographic detail is inversely related to OID

C.) As OID increases, so does radiographic detail

D.) OID is unrelated to radiographic detail

B.) Radiographic detail is inversely related to OID

Which of the following devices is used to overcome severe variations in patient anatomy or tissue
density, providing more uniform radiographic density?

A.) Compensating filters

B.) Grid

C.) Collimator

D.) Intensifying screen

A.) Compensating filters

The developer temperature in a 90-s automatic processor is usually about:

A.) 75 to 80 degrees

B.) 80 to 85 degrees

C.) 85 to 90 degrees

D.) 90 to 95 degrees

D.) 90 to 95 degrees

An increase in kilovoltage will serve to:

A.) Produce a longer scale of contrast

B.) Produce a shorter scale of contrast

C.) Decrease the radiographic density

D.) Decrease the production of scatter radiatio

A.) Produce a longer scale of contrast

When the use of grids is indicated in mammography, which of the following would be most appropriate?

A.) 12:1 stationary grid

B.) 12:1 moving grid

C.) 5:1 stationary grid

D.) 5:1 moving grid

C.) 5:1 stationary grid

Radiographic recorded detail is directly related to:

1.) SID

2.) OID

3.) Imaging system speed

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Of the following groups of exposure factors, which will produce the shortest scale of contrast?

A.) 500 mA, 0.040 s, 70 kVp

B.) 100 mA, 0.100 s, 80 kVp

C.) 200 mA, 0.025 s, 92 kVp

D.) 700 mA, 0.014 s, 80 kVp

A.) 500 mA, 0.040 s, 70 kVp

Which of the following factors contribute(s) to the efficient performance of a grid?

1.) Grid ratio

2.) Number of lead strips per inch

3.) Amount of scatter transmitted through the grid

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

The device used to give a film a predetermined exposure in order to test its response to processing is
called the:
A.) Sensitometer

B.) Densitometer

C.) Step wedge

D.) Spinning top

A.) Sensitometer

Image receptors/cassettes frequently have a lead foil layer behind the rear screen that functions to:

A.) Improve penetration

B.) Absorb backscatter

C.) Preserve resolution

D.) Increase the screen speed

B.) Absorb backscatter

If 0.05 s was selected for a particular exposure, what mA would be necessary to produce 30 mAs?

A.) 900 mA

B.) 600 mA

C.) 500 mA

D.) 300 mA

B.) 600 mA

Focusing distance is associated with which of the following?

A.) Computed radiography

B.) Chest radiography

C.) magnification radiography

D.) Grids

D.) Grids
The steeper the straight-line portion of a characteristic curve for a particular film, the:

1.) Slower the film speed

2.) Higher the film contrast

3.) Greater the exposure latitude

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 2 and 3 only

The relationship between the height of a grid's lead strips and the distance between them is referred to
as grid:

A.) Ratio

B.) Radius

C.) Frequency

D.) Focusing distance

A.) Ratio

Which of the following would be useful for an examination of a patient suffering from Parkinson's
disease?

1.) High speed screens

2.) Short exposure time

3.) Compensating filtration

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following tests is performed to evaluate screen contact?

A.) Spinning top test

B.) Wire mesh test

C.) Penetrometer test

D.) Star pattern test

C.) Penetrometer test

A film emulsion having wide latitude is likely to exhibit:

A.) High density

B.) Low density

C.) High contrast

D.) Low contrast

D.) Low contrast

What is the best way to reduce magnification distortion?

A.) Use of a small focal spot

B.) Increase SID

C.) Decrease the OID

D.) Use a slow screen/film combination

C.) Decrease the OID

Which of the following can cause poor screen/film contact?

1.) Damaged image receptor frame

2.) Foreign body in image receptor

3.) Warped image receptor front

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following examinations might require the use of 120 kVp?

1.) AP abdomen

2.) Chest radiograph

3.) Barium filled stomach

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 2 and 3 only

Base-plus fog is a result of:

1.) Blue tint film base

2.) Chemical development

3.) The manufacturing process

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

A lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine was made using 200 mA, 1 s exposure, and 90 kVp. If the
exposure factors were changed to 200 mA, 1/2 s, and 104 kVp, there would be an obvious change in
which of the following?

1.) Radiographic density

2.) Scale of radiographic contrast

3.) Distortion

A.) 1 only
B.) 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 2 only

Which of the following will contribute to the production of longer-scale radiographic contrast?

1.) An increase in kV

2.) An increase in grid ratio

3.) An increase in photon energy

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 1 and 3 only

The cause of films coming from the automatic processor still damp can be:

A.) Air velocity too high

B.) Unbalanced processing temperatures

C.) Insufficient hardening action

D.) Underreplenishment

C.) Insufficient hardening action

The term latitude describes:

1.) An emulsion's ability to record a range of densities.

2.) The degree of error tolerated with given exposure factors.

3.) The conversion efficiency of a given intensifying screen.

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

The microswitch for controlling the amount of replenishment used in an automatic processor is located
at the:

A.) Receiving bin

B.) Crossover roller

C.) Entrance roller

D.) Replenishment pump

C.) Entrance roller

The reduction in x-ray photon intensity as the photon passes through material is termed:

A.) Absorption

B.) Scattering

C.) Attenuation

D.) Divergence

C.) Attenuation

A stationary radiograph of the abdomen was made at a 42 inch SID using 300 mA, 0.06 s, and 80 kVp. If
the distance is changed to 38 inches, what new exposure time would be required:

A.) 0.02 s

B.) 0.05 s

C.) 0.12 s

D.) 0.15 s

C.) 0.12 s
Of the following groups of exposure factors which will produce the greatest radiographic density?

A.) 10 mAs, 74 kVp, 44 inch SID

B.) 10 mAs, 74 kVp, 36 inch SID

C.) 5 mAs, 85 kVp, 48 inch SID

D.) 5 mAs, 85 kVp, 40 inch SID

A.) 10 mAs, 74 kVp, 44 inch SID

What apparatus is needed for the construction of a sensitometric curve?

1.) Penetrometer

2.) Densitometer

3.) Electrolytic canister

A.) 1 and 2 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 and 2 only

An increase in kVp will have which of the following effects?

1.) More scatter radiation will be produced.

2.) The exposure rate will increase.

3.) Radiographic contrast will increase.

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

The major function of filtration is to reduce:

A.) Film noise

B.) Scatter radiation

C.) Operator dose

D.) Patient dose

D.) Patient dose

Why is a very short exposure time essential in chest radiography?

A.) To avoid excessive focal spot blur

B.) To maintain short-scale contrast

C.) To minimize involuntary motion

D.) To minimize patient discomfort

C.) To minimize involuntary motion

The absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called:

A.) Grid selectivity

B.) Contrast improvement factor

C.) Grid cutoff

D.) Latitude

B.) Contrast improvement factor

A lateral radiograph of a cervical spine was made at 4o inches using 100 mA, and 0.1 s exposure. If it is
desired to increase the distance to 72 inches, what should be the new mA, all other factors remaining
the same?

A.) 100 mA

B.) 200 mA

C.) 300 mA

D.) 400 mA

D.) 400 mA
Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of a 16:1 grid?

1.) It absorbs a high percentage of scattered radiation.

2.) It has little positioning latitude

3.) It is used with high kVp exposures

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only

Exposure rate increases with an increase in:

1.) mA

2.) kVp

3.) SID

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

If a 4 inch collimated field is changed to a 14 inch collimated field, with no other changes, the
radiographic image will possess:

A.) More density

B.) Less density

C.) More detail

D.) Less detail

D.) Less detail

Which of the following is an abnormal intensifying screen action?

A.) Fluorescence

B.) Luminescence

C.) Speed

D.) Lag

D.) Lag

X-ray photon energy is inversely related to:

1.) Photon wavelength

2.) Applied mA

3.) Applied kVp

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only

Slow speed screens are used:

A.) To minimize patient dose

B.) To keep exposure time to a minimum

C.) To image fine anatomic details

D.) In pediatric radiography

C.) To image fine anatomic details

Film base is currently made of which of the following materials?

A.) Cellulose nitrate

B.) Cellulose acetate

C.) Polyester

D.) Glass

C.) Polyester
Which of the following may be used to reduce the effect of scattered radiation on the finished
radiograph?

1.) Grids

2.) Collimators

3.) Compensating filters

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

The primary source of scattered radiation is the:

A.) Patient

B.) Tabletop

C.) X-ray tube

D.) Grid

A.) Patient

Use of high-ratio grids is associated with:

1.) Increased patient dose

2.) Higher contrast

3.) Pediatric radiography

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

Which of the following is (are) tested as part of a QA program?

1.) Beam alignment

2.) Reproducibility

3.) Linearity

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

In order to produce a just perceptible increase in radiographic density, the radiograph must increase
the:

A.) mAs by 30%

B.) mAs by 15%

C.) kVp by 30%

D.) kVp by 15%

A.) mAs by 30%

All of the following affect the exposure rate of the primary beam except:

A.) mA

B.) kVp

C.) Distance

D.) Field size

D.) Field size

The function(s) of automatic beam limitation devices include:

1.) Reducing the production of scattered radiation.

2.) Increasing the absorption of scattered radiation.

3.) Changing the quality of the x-ray beam.

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 only

Which of the following is(are) characteristic(s) of mammography film emulsion?

1.) High contrast

2.) Fine grain

3.) Single emulsion

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

When involuntary motion must be considered, the exposure time may be cut in half if the kVp is:

A.) Doubled

B.) Increased by 15%

C.) Increased by 25%

D.) Increased by 35%

B.) Increased by 15%

Which of the following groups of exposure factors would be most effective in eliminating prominent
pulmonary vascular markings in the RAO position of the sternum:
A.) 500 mA, 1/30 s, 70 kVp

B.) 200 mA, 0.04 s, 80 kVp

C.) 300 mA, 1/10 s, 80 kVp

D.) 25 mA, 7/10 s, 70 kVp

D.) 25 mA, 7/10 s, 70 kVp

If the developer temperature in the automatic processor is higher than normal, what will be the effect
on the finished radiograph?

1.) Loss of contrast

2.) Increased density

3.) Wet, tacky film

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

All of the following are related to recorded detail except:

A.) Motion

B.) Screen speed

C.) OID

D.) Grid ratio

D.) Grid ratio

X-ray photon beam attenuation is influenced by:

1.) Tissue type

2.) Subject thickness

3.) Photon quality

A.) 1 only
B.) 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

What effect will a stained intensifying screen have on the finished radiograph?:

A.) Blurring

B.) Magnification

C.) Decreased density

D.) Increased density

C.) Decreased density

Why are a single intensifying screen and single emulsion film used for select radiographic examinations?

A.) To decrease patient dose

B.) To achieve longer scale contrast

C.) For better recorded detail

D.) To decrease fiscal expenses

C.) For better recorded detail

Which of the following terms refers to light being reflected from one intensifying screen, through the
film, to the opposite emulsion and screen?

A.) Reflectance

B.) Crossover

C.) Scatter

D.) Filtration

B.) Crossover

Which of the following will influence recorded detail?

1.) Screen speed

2.) Screen/film contact

3.) Focal spot

A.) 1 and 2 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following chemicals is used in the production of radiographic film emulsion?

A.) Sodium sulfite

B.) Potassium bromide

C.) Silver halide

D.) Chrome alum

C.) Silver halide

Which of the following terms is used to describe unsharp edges of tiny radiographic details?

A.) Diffusion

B.) Mottle

C.) Blur

D.) Umbra

C.) Blur

Which of the following materials may be used as grid interspace material?

1.) Lead

2.) Plastic

3.) Aluminum

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 2 and 3 only

As grid ratio is increased:

A.) The scale of contrast becomes longer

B.) The scale of contrast becomes shorter

C.) Radiographic density increases

D.) Radiographic distortion decreases

B.) The scale of contrast becomes shorter

X-ray film emulsion is most sensitive to safelight fog:

A.) Before exposure and development

B.) After exposure

C.) During development

D.) At low humidity

B.) After exposure

Glutaraldehyde is added to the developer solution of automatic processors to:

1.) Keep emulsion swelling to a minimum.

2.) Decrease the possibility of a processor jam up

3.) Remove unexposed silver halide crystals

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 3 only

If a 6 inch OID is introduced during a particular radiographic examination, what change in SID will be
necessary in order to overcome objectionable magnification?

A.) The SID must be increased by 6 inches

B.) The SID must be increased by 18 inches

C.) The SID must be decreased by 6 inches

D.) The SID must be increased by 42 inches

D.) The SID must be increased by 42 inches

If a particular grid has lead strips 0.40 mm thick, 4.0 mm high, and 0.25 mm apart, what is its grid ratio?

A.) 8:1

B.) 10:1

C.) 12:1

D.) 16:1

D.) 16:1

Chemical fog may be attributed to:

1.) Excessive developer temperature

2.) Oxidized developer

3.) Excessive replenishment

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following has the greatest effects on radiographic density?

A.) Aluminum filtration

B.) Kilovoltage

C.) SID
D.) Scattered radiation

C.) SID

Shape distortion is influenced by the relationship between the:

1.) X-ray tube and the part be imaged

2.) Part to be imaged and the image receptor

3.) Image recorder and the x-ray table

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is (are) associated with subject contrast?

1.) Patient thickness

2.) Tissue density

3.) kVp

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

If a radiograph exposed using a 12:1 ratio grid exhibits a loss of density at its lateral edges, it is probably
because the:

A.) SID was too great

B.) Grid failed to move during the exposure

C.) X-ray tube was angled in the direction of the lead strip

D.) Central ray was off center

A.) SID was too great

How is SID related to exposure rate and radiographic density?

A.) As SID increases, exposure rate increases and radiographic density increases.

B.) As SID increases, exposure rate increases and radiographic density decreases.

C.) As SID increases, exposure rate decreases and radiographic density increases.

D.) As SID increases, exposure rate decreases and radiographic density decreases.

D.) As SID increases, exposure rate decreases and radiographic density decreases.

Which of the following focal spot sizes should be employed for magnification radiography?

A.) 0.2 mm

B.) 0.6 mm

C.) 1.2 mm

D.) 2.0 mm

A.) 0.2 mm

For which of the following examinations may the use of a grid not be necessary in the adult patient?

A.) Hip

B.) Knee

C.) Abdomen

D.) Lumbar spine

B.) Knee

Grid cutoff due to off-centering would result in:

A.) Overall loss of density

B.) Both sides of the film being underexposeed.

C.) Overexposure under the anode end.

D.) Underexposure under the anode end.

A.) Overall loss of density

All of the following have an impact on radiographic contrast except:

A.) Photon energy

B.) Grid ratio

C.) OID

D.) Focal spot size

D.) Focal spot size

Which of the following pathologic conditions will probably require a decrease in exposure factors?

A.) Osteomyelitis

B.) Osteoporosis

C.) Osteosclerosis

D.) Osteochondritis

B.) Osteoporosis

Disadvantage(s) of using low kV technical factors include:

1.) Insufficient penetration

2.) Increased patient dose

3.) Diminished latitude

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following influence geometric unsharpness?

1.) OID

2.) Focal object distance

3.) SID
A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following affect(s) both the quantity and the quality of the primary beam?

1.) Half value layer (HVL)

2.) kVp

3.) mA

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 2 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 1 and 2 only

A quality assurance program serves to:

1.) Keep patient dose to a minimum

2.) Keep radiographic quality consistent

3.) Ensure equipment efficiency

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

The darkroom should be constructed and equipped so as to avoid:

1.) External light leaks

2.) Film bin light leaks

3.) Safelight fog

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

What information, located on each box of film, is important to note and has a direct relationship to film
quality?

A.) Number of films in the box

B.) Manufacturer's name

C.) Expiration date

D.) Emulsion lot

C.) Expiration date

If 40 mAs and a 50 speed screen/film system were used for a particular exposure, what new mAs value
would be required in order to produce the same density if the screen/film system were changed to 200
speed?

A.) 10 mAs

B.) 20 mAs

C.) 80 mAs

D.) 160 mAs

A.) 10 mAs

An exposure was made using 12 mAs and 60 kVp. If the kVp was changed to 70 in order to obtain longer
scale contrast, what should be the new mAs

A.) 3 mAs

B.) 6 mAs

C.) 18 mAs

D.) 24 mAs
B.) 6 mAs

Acceptable method(s) of minimizing motion unsharpness is (are):

1.) Suspended respiration

2.) Short exposure time

3.) Patient instruction

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Compression of the breast during mammographic imaging improves the technical quality of the image
because:

1.) Geometric blurring is decreased

2.) Less scatter radiation is produced

3.) Patient motion is reduced

A.) 1 only

B.) 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Distortion can be caused by:

1.) Tube angle

2.) The position of the organ or structure within the body

3.) The radiographic positioning of the part

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

D.) 1, 2, and 3

Methods that help reduce the production of scattered radiation including:

1.) Compression

2.) Beam Restriction

3.) A grid

A.) 1 and 2 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

A.) 1 and 2 only

The speed of an intensifying screen is influenced by which of the following factors?

1.) Phosphor layer thickness

2.) Antihalation backing

3.) Phosphor type used

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 3 only

C.) 2 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 3 only

Which of the following conditions would require an increase in exposure factors?

1.) Congestive heart failure

2.) Pleural Effusion

3.) Emphysema

A.) 1 only
B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 1 and 2 only

The rate of chemical replenishment in automatic processing is based on:

A.) Solution temperature

B.) Processor speed

C.) Amount of film processed

D.) Solution agitation

C.) Amount of film processed

If a radiograph exhibits insufficient density, this might be attributed to:

1.) Inadequate kVp

2.) Inadequate SID

3.) Grid cutoff

A.) 1 only

B.) 1 and 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

C.) 1 and 3 only

An exposure was made using 300 mA, 0.04 s exposure, and 85 kVp. Each of the following changes will
decrease the radiographic density by one-half except change to:

A.) 1/50 s exposure

B.) 72 kVp

C.) 10 mAs

D.) 150 mA

C.) 10 mAs
The use of which of the following is (are) essential in magnification radiography?

1.) High ratio grid

2.) Fractional focal spot

3.) Direct exposure film

A.) 1 only

B.) 2 only

C.) 1 and 3 only

D.) 1, 2, and 3

B.) 2 only

Which of the following are methods used for silver reclamation?

1.) Photoelectric method

2.) Metallic replacement method

3.) Electrolytic method

A.) 1 only B.) 1 and 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS C.) 2 and 3 only

An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the:

1.) X-ray wavelength 2.) Exposure rate 3.) Patient absorption

A.) 1 only B.) 2 only C.) 2 and 3 only D.) 1, 2, and 3

ANS B.) 2 only