Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

General Chemistry 2 Week 1,

Second Law of Thermodynamics

1. An ice cube is placed on a table and begins to melt.  The following conclusion can be made.
a. Energy is being absorbed by the table which causes the cube to melt.
b. Energy is being transferred from the table to the ice cube.
c. Energy is being created by the air and table and making the cube heat up.
d. Energy  is being created by the ice cube and is being released to the air

2. The _____ Law of Thermodynamics says that heat always flows from an object with a higher
temperature to an object of lower temperature naturally
a. Zeroth b. First c. Second d. Third

3. It is possible to reach absolute zero

a. true b. false

4. Entropy increases from solid, liquid to gas. Why?

a. Molecular disorder increases b. Molecular randomness decreases
c. Molecules are more energetic d. Molecules are more reactive

5.  Two cups of water, one at 100oC and the other at 50oC are poured into a larger container. What
would be the final temperature of the water?
a. Less than 50oC. b. Greater than 100oC.
c. Between  50oC and 100oC. d. The water temperature will rise and fall continually.

6. As water in a freezer turns into ice,

a. the water absorbs energy from the air in the freezer.
b. the water absorbs the coldness from the air in the freezer.
c. the freezer air absorbs heat from the water.
d. the water neither absorbs nor releases energy.

7. What causes water to freeze solid when placed in a freezer? The freezer–
a. adds heat to the water b. puts electricity in the water
c. takes heat away from the water d. does not let light shine on the water

8. As time progresses, Energy will naturally become more spread out.  It can only come together if
you make it.
a. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics b. First Law of Thermodynamics
c. Second Law of Thermodynamics d. Third Law of Thermodynamics

9. Energy is created by....

a. running b. boiling ice c. touching slime d. none of them

10. Many thermodynamic processes in nature occurs in one direction but not the opposite
a. True b. False c. Maybe d. I do not know
Name: _______________________________ Section:________________
General Chemistry 2 Week 1,
Chemical Equilibrium
1.When the system A + B   C + D is at equilibrium,
(a) the sum of the concentrations of A and B must equal the sum of the concentrations of C and D.
(b) the forward reaction has stopped.
(c) both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped.
(d) the reverse reaction has stopped.
(e) neither the forward nor the reverse reaction has stopped.
2. 2SO3(g)   2SO2(g) + O2(g) The conventional equilibrium constant expression (Kc) for the system as
described by the above equation is:
(a) [SO2]2/[SO3] (b) [SO2]2[O2]/[SO3]2 (c) [SO3]2/[SO3]2[O2] (d) [SO2][O2]
3. Consider the following reversible reaction. In a 3.00 liter container, the following amounts are found in
equilibrium at 400 oC: 0.0420 mole N2, 0.516 mole H2 and 0.0357 mole NH3. Evaluate Kc.
N2(g) + 3H2(g)   2NH3(g)
(a) 0.202 (b) 1.99 (c) 16.0 (d) 4.94
4. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction A + 2B   C + 5/2 D has a value of 4.0, what is the value of
the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2C + 5D   2A + 4B at the same temperature?
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.063 (c) 2.0 (d) 8.0
5. At 445oC, Kc for the following reaction is 0.020. 2HI(g)   H2(g) + I2(g). A mixture of H2, I2, and HI in a
vessel at 445oC has the following concentrations: [HI] = 2.0 M, [H2] = 0.50 M and [I2] = 0.10 M. Which
one of the following statements concerning the reaction quotient, Qc, is TRUE for the above system?
(a) Qc = Kc; the system is at equilibrium.
(b) Qc is less than Kc; more H2 and I2 will be produced.
(c) Qc is less than Kc; more HI will be produced.
(d) Qc is greater than Kc; more H2 and I2 will be produced.
6. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, dissociates on heating as shown below. When a 1.50 gram sample of pure
NOCl is heated at 350oC in a volume of 1.00 liter, the percent dissociation is found to be 57.2%.
Calculate Kc for the reaction as written. NOCl(g)   NO(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g)
(a) 0.876 (b) 9.26 (c) 0.107 (d) 1.75 x 10-4
o
7. A quantity of HI was sealed in a tube, heated to 425 C and held at this temperature until equilibrium was
reached. The concentration of HI in the tube at equilibrium was found to be 0.0706 mol/L. Calculate the
equilibirum concentration of H2 (and I2). For the gas-phase reaction,
o
H2 + I2  2HI Kc = 54.6 at 425 C
(a) 9.55 x 10-3 M (b) 1.17 x 10-3 M (c) 1.85 x 10-4 M (d) 4.78 x 10-3 M

8. Consider the reaction:

o
N2(g) + O2(g)   2NO(g) Kc = 0.10 at 2000 C
Starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 mol/L of N2 and 0.040 mol/L of O2, calculate the equilibrium
concentration of NO in mol/L
(a) 0.0055 mol/L (b) 0.0096 mol/L (c) 0.011 mol/L (d) 0.080 mol/L
9. Kc = 0.040 for the system below at 450oC. If a reaction is initiated with 0.40 mole of Cl2 and 0.40 mole of
PCl3 in a 2.0 liter container, what is the equilibrium concentration of Cl2 in the same system?
PCl5(g)   PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(a) 0.07 M (b) 0.16 M (c) 0.11 M (d) 0.04 M
10. The reversible reaction: 2SO2(g) + O2(g)   2SO3(g) has come to equilibrium in a vessel of specific
volume at a given temperature. Before the reaction began, the concentrations of the reactants were
 0.060 mol/L of SO2 and 0.050 mol/L of O2. After equilibrium is reached, the concentration of SO3 is
0.040 mol/L. What is the equilibrium concentration of O2?
(a) 0.010 M (b) 0.020 M (c) 0.030 M (d) 0.040 M

11. Consider the gas-phase equilibrium system represented by the equation:

2H2O(g)   2H2(g) + O2(g) Given that the forward reaction (the conversion of "left-hand" species to
"right-hand" species) is endothermic, which of the following changes will decrease the equilibrium
amount of H2O?
(a) adding more oxygen
(b) adding a solid phase calalyst
(c) decreasing the volume of the container (the total pressure increases)
(d) increasing the temperature at constant pressure
12. The conventional equilibrium constant expression (Kc) for the system below is:
2ICl(s)   I2(s) + Cl2(g)
(a) [I2][Cl2]/[ICl]2 (b) [I2][Cl2]/2[ICl] (c) [Cl2](d) ([I2] + [Cl2])/2[ICl]
13. Consider the equilibrium system: 2ICl(s)   I2(s) + Cl2(g) Which of the following changes will increase
the total amount of of Cl2 that can be produced?
(a) removing some of the I2(s) (b) adding more ICl(s)
(c) removing the Cl2 as it is formed (d) decreasing the volume of the container
14. At equilibrium, a 1.0 liter container was found to contain 0.20 moles of A, 0.20 moles of B, 0.40 moles
of C and 0.40 mole of D. If 0.10 moles of A and 0.10 moles of B are added to this system, what will be the
new equilibrium concentration of A? A(g) + B(g)   C(g) + D(g)
(a) 0.37 mol/L (b) 0.47 mol/L (c) 0.87 mol/L (d) 0.23 mol/L

15. Consider the following system in a 1.00 L container: A(g) + B(g)   2C(g) The equilibrium
concentrations at 200oC were determined to be:
[A] = 0.200 M [B] = 3.00 M [C] = 0.500 M
How many moles of A must be added to increase the concentration of C to 0.700 M at 200oC?
(a) 0.225 mol (b) 0.305 mol (c) 0.417 mol (d) 0.610 mol

16. Consider the reversible reaction at equilibrium at 392oC: 2A(g) + B(g)   C(g) The partial pressures
are found to be: A: 6.70 atm, B: 10.1 atm, C: 3.60 atm. Evaluate Kp for this reaction.
(a) 7.94 x 10-3 (b) 0.146 (c) 0.0532 (d) 54.5
17. Kc = 0.040 for the system below at 450oC: PCl5(g)   PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Evaluate Kp for the reaction at
450oC.
(a) 0.40 (b) 0.64 (c) 2.4 (d) 0.052
18. What is the equilibrium constant for a reaction that has a value of  Go = -41.8 kJ at 100oC?
(a) 1.01 (b) 7.1 x 105 (c) -5.87 (d) 1.4 x 10-6
19. The equilibrium constant at 427oC for the reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g)   2NH3(g) is Kp = 9.4 x 10-5.
o o
Calculate the value of  G  for the reaction at 427 .
(a) -33 kJ (b) -54 kJ (c) 54 kJ (d) 33 kJ
20. For a specific reaction, which of the following statements can be made about K, the equilibrium
constant?
(a) It always remains the same at different reaction conditions.
(b) It increases if the concentration of one of the products is increased.
(c) It changes with changes in the temperature.
(d) It increases if the concentration of one of the reactants is increased.

Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

 General Chemistry 2 Week 2
Bronsted acids and bases

1. What might happen if you mixed a strong acid with an equally strong base?
a. You would see an explosive chemical reaction. C. The base would destroy the acid.
b. The acid would destroy the base. D. You'd wind up with a pH-neutral substance.
c.
2. What is the conjugate acid in the following equation?

a. PO43-  b.HNO3  c. NO3-  d. HPO42-

b.
3. HSO4-(aq)+H2O(l)      →       H3O+(aq)+SO42-(aq). Identify the Acid in the above reaction.
a. HSO4- b. H2O c. H3O+ d.SO42-

4. What are the products to a neutralization reaction?

a. H2 + Ionic Salt b. H2O + Ionic Salt c. H3O+ + Ionic Salt d. OH- + Ionic Salt

5. A substance that remains when a base has accepted an H+ ion is

a. An acid b. A Base c. A Conjugate Acid d. A Conjugate Base

6. Calculate the pH of the solution: [OH-] = 1 X 10-2M

a. 2.0 b. 2.1 c. 11.0 d. 12.0

7. Find the hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration for a solution with pH = 9.00
a. 1.0  x 10-9M b. 1.0 x 10 -5 M c. 5.0 x 10-6 M d. 9.0 x 10-1 M

8. An aqueous solution has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1.0 x 10-3M. What is the pH of the
solution?
a. -3  b. 3 c. 7 d. 11

9. In a solution of hydrochloric acid in water, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 x 10-2M. What
is the pH of the solution?
a. 2.0 b. 2.5 c. 3.0 d. 10.2

10. In a solution of acetic acid in water, the pH is 5.0. Which expression identifies the concentration
of hydrogen ions in the solution? 
a. 1 x 10-5 M b. 1 x 105 M c. - 1 x 105 M d. .050M

Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

General Chemistry 2 Week 3
 Buffer Solution

1. What does a buffer usually consist of?

a. a weak acid/ base and its salt b. a strong acid/ base and its salt
c. water and a salt d. a weak acid/base and NOT its salt
2. What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (pH)?
a. pH = pKa + log (base/acid) b. pH = pKa + log (acid/base)
b. pOH = pKa + log (base/acid) d. Initial, Change, Equilibrium
3. What is the common ion effect?
a. shift in equilibrium due to an addition of an ion
b. shift in equilibrium due to addition of heat
c. no shift in equilibrium due to an addition of an ion
4. What does this titration curve represent?

a. adding strong base to strong acid c.. adding strong acid to strong base
b. adding weak acid to strong base d. adding weak base to weak acid

5. What does this titration curve represent?

a. adding weak acid to weak base c. adding weak base to weak acid
b. adding strong base to a strong acid d. adding weak base to strong acid

5 pts each:
6. Explain how a buffer solution manages to stabilize the pH against the addition of acid, base, or
additional solvent (dilution).

Answer: A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base in roughly equal amounts. If acid is added
to the solution, it is consumed by the conjugate base. If base is added to the solution, it is consumed by
the weak acid. If the amounts are such that the ratio of conjugate base/weak acid concentrations doesn’t
change much, then the pH doesn’t change much. Dilution does not affect the pH because this
concentration ratio doesn’t change upon dilution.

20. Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.30 M in ammonia (NH3) and 0.20 M in ammonium chloride
(NH4Cl, Ka = 5.62 × 10–10).
Answer: 9.43

Consider a solution initially containing 0.400 mol fluoride anion and 0.300 mol of hydrogen fluoride (HF).
What is the pH after addition of 70.0 mL of 0.600M HCl to this solution? (HF, Ka = 7.2 × 10–4 )?
Answer: 3.16

Consider a solution initially containing 0.300 mol of hydrogen fluoride (HF). How many grams of NaF (42.0
g/mol) would be needed to set the pH = 3.00? (HF, Ka = 7.2 × 10–4 )?
Answer 9.07 g
Name: _______________________________ Section:________________
General Chemistry 2: Week 4
Oxidation and Reduction Reaction

1. Oxygen always has an oxidation number of...

a. -1 b. 1 c. 2 d. -2

2. Is calcium oxidized or reduced in the following reaction? 

a. 2CaO--> 2Ca + O2 b. Oxidized c. Reduced

3. In the reaction 2Ca(s) + O2(g) --> 2CaO(s), calcium is __________

a. Reduced b. Gaining Electrons   c. Oxidized d. None of the above

 4. In the reaction Zn + H2O --> ZnO2 + H2 which element, if any, is oxidized? 

a. Zinc b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. None

5.What substance is oxidized in the following reaction? 4Fe + 3O2 --> 2Fe2O3

a. Iron b. Fluorine c. Oxygen

6.If in a reaction, copper is reduced; its number of electrons has:

a. Increased b. Decreased c. Remained Constant d. Varies Randomly

7. If an atom loses electrons during a chemical reaction, the atom was:
a. Oxidized b. Reduced c. Neutralized d. Precipitated

8.What element is being Oxidized?

a. N b. H c. O d. S

9.What element is being Reduced?

a. N b. H c. O d. S

10. What is the oxidation number of N in NO2-1?

a. -3 b. +4 c. -2 d. +3
Name: _______________________________ Section:________________
General Chemistry 2: Week 5
Reduction potential, oxidation potential and cell potential

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 
1. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from the reducing agent to the oxidizing
agent.
 
2. Reduction is the gain of electrons and occurs at the anode of any cell.
 
3. Oxidation is the decrease in oxidation number and reduction is the increase in
oxidation number.
 
4. For both electric and electrolytic cells, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.
 
5. Inert electrodes are required for all electrolytic cells.
 
6. Galvanic cells are based on spontaneous redox reactions; electrolytic cells are based
on nonspontaneous redox reactions.
 
7. The hydrogen half-cell at standard conditions is defined as the reference half-cell for
assigning reduction potentials.
 
8. The cell potential is determined by adding the reduction potentials for the two half-cell
reactions.
 
9. In a standard cell, a porous boundary allows ions to pass through while preventing
immediate mixing of the solutions in each half-cell.
 
10. A standard hydrogen-cobalt cell has a cell potential of -0.28 V.
 
11. In a standard copper-lead cell, lead is the cathode and copper is the anode.
 
12. The power supply in an electrolytic cell must supply a potential difference at least equal
to the absolute value of the calculated cell potential.
 
13. The charge transferred by a 1.5-A current in a time of 2.0 min is 3.0 C.
 
14. Metals are always plated at the cathode of a cell.
 
15. If we assume a constant current, twice the mass of a metal can be refined in twice the
time.
 
16. Corrosion of a metal can be described as an electrochemical cell in which the metal is
the anode.
 
17. Both tin and zinc plating work equally well in inhibiting the corrosion of iron.
 
 18. Large galvanic cells are used to refine metals and to produce nonmetals like chlorine.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
19. A redox reaction involves
a. a transfer of electrons from the oxidizing agent to the reducing
agent.
b. a transfer of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidizing
agent.
c. either a reduction or an oxidation.
d. a transfer of a proton between two chemical agents.
e. a transfer of electrons through a porous barrier.
 
20 The metal molybdenum, Mo(s), reacts to form MoO2(s). The half-reaction equation that
explains the change in oxidation state of molybdenum can be written as
a. Mo  + 2 e-   Mo2+
(s) (s)
b. Mo    Mo2+ + 2 e-
(s) (s) 
c. Mo4+  + 4 e-   Mo
(s) (s)
d. Mo2+    Mo4+  + 2 e-
(s) (s)
e. Mo    Mo4+  + 4 e-
(s) (s)
 
21. During the process of photosynthesis,
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)   C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
a. carbon in carbon dioxide is oxidized.
b. hydrogen in water is reduced.
c. oxygen in carbon dioxide and/or water is oxidized.
d. oxygen in glucose is oxidized.
e. carbon in glucose is oxidized.
 
22. When copper metal is immersed in aqueous silver nitrate, a spontaneous reaction is
observed. This reaction is best explained by stating that
a. copper(II) ions have a greater attraction for electrons than do silver
ions.
b. copper(II) ions have a lesser attraction for electrons than do copper
atoms.
c. silver ions have a greater attraction for electrons than do copper(II)
ions.
d. silver ions have a lesser attraction for electrons than do silver atoms.
e. silver atoms have a lesser attraction for electrons than do copper
atoms.
 
23. Rank the following solutions in order of strongest oxidizing agent to weakest oxidizing
agent.
      1      sulfuric acid
      2      lithium hydroxide
      3      gold(III) fluoride
      4      chromium(II) nitrate
a. 2 3 1 4
b. 3 4 1 2
c. 2 4 1 3
d. 3 1 4 2
e. 1 2 3 4
 
24. Which of the following equations describes a redox reaction?
a. HCOOH    CO  + H O
(aq) (g) 2 (l)
b.
H+(aq) + OH (aq)   H2O(l)
c.
Ag+(aq) + Cl (aq)   AgCl(s)
d.
HMnO4(aq)   H+(aq) + MnO4 (aq)
e. C H  + 3 O    2 CO  + 2 H O
2 4(g) 2(g) 2(g) 2 (g)
25. A high school laboratory’s waste container is used to dispose of aqueous solutions of
sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, hydrochloric acid, and tin(II) chloride. The most likely
net redox reaction predicted to occur inside the waste container is represented by the
equation:
a. 2 H+  + 2 K+    H  + K
(aq) (aq) 2(g) (s)
b.
Sn2+(aq) + 2 NO3 (aq) + 4 H+(aq)   2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + Sn4+(aq)
c.
SO42-(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 Cl (aq)   H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
d.
Cl2(g) + Sn2+(aq)   Cl (aq) + Sn(s)
e. SnSO  Sn2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
4(s) 
26. All galvanic and electrolytic cells require
a. an external power supply.
b. a voltmeter.
c. one electrode and two electrolytes.
d. two electrodes and one electrolyte.
e. a porous barrier.
27. In a galvanic cell, the reduction potentials of two standard half-cells are +0.35 V and -
1.13 V. The predicted cell potential of the galvanic cell constructed from these two half-
cells is
a. 1.48 V.
b. 1.13 V.
c. 0.78 V.
d. 0.35 V.
e. +0.13 V.
28. If we assume standard conditions, the minimum potential difference required to
electrolyze a solution of nickel(II) sulfate is
a. 0.17 V.
b. 0.43 V.
 c. 0.97 V.
d. 1.49 V.
e. 2.06 V.
 
29. When molten aluminum bromide is electrolyzed, the products are
  at the cathode at the anode
a Al3+(l) Br-(l)
b H2(g) Br2(g)
c Al(s) O2(g), H+(aq)
d H2(g), OH-(aq) O2(g), H+(aq)
e Al(l) Br2(g)
a. a
b. b
c. c
d. d
e. e
 
30. Standard reduction potentials for half-cells are based on the strengths of
a. oxidizing agents relative to hydrogen gas.
b. oxidizing agents relative to hydrogen ions.
c. reducing agents relative to hydrogen ions.
d. reducing agents relative to a standard acidic
solution.
e. reducing agents relative to an inert electrode.
 
31. In the plating of nickel from a nickel(II) ion solution, the mass of nickel obtained from
the transfer of 0.250 mol of electrons is
a. 0.125 g.
b. 0.250 g.
c. 7.34 g.
d. 14.7 g.
e. 21.9 g.
 
32. How long does it take to produce 4.50 g of scandium metal in the electrolysis of molten
scandium chloride using a current of 8.5 A?
a. 57 min
b. 19 min
c. 6.3 min
d. 1.1 min
e. 0.54 min.
 
33. The process of corrosion is most similar to the principle behind
a. a simple decomposition reaction.
b. a combustion reaction.
c. an electric cell.
d. an electrolytic cell.
e. a metal plating circuit
 
34. Why does the use of salt on the roads in the winter promote the rusting of objects
containing iron?
a. Salt lowers the freezing point of water.
b. Salt bonds to the iron objects.
c. Salt contains sodium which is an active metal.
 d. Salt is an electrolyte which improves the charge transfer.
e. Salt contains chlorine, which is a corrosive element.
 
35. Which one of the following metals would be most likely to oxidize if a clean surface of
the metal were exposed to the atmosphere?
a. aluminum
b. iron
c. silver
d. zinc
e. gold.
 
Name: _______________________________ Section:________________
General Chemistry 2: Week 6
Standard Cell potential

1. In a voltaic cell, the half cell that receives anions from the salt bridge is
a. Cathode b. anode
2. Voltaic cells are the same as which cells?1
a. GALVANIC b. ELECTROLYTES c. ELECTRON

3. Metal A is more reactive than metal B. Which statement is correct?

a. Electrons flow in the external circuit from A to B

b. Positive ions flow through salt bridge from A to B
c. Positive ions flow in external circuit from B to A.
d. Electrons flow through salt bridge from B to A
4. Below shows a cell diagram for voltaic cell. Which of the following is FALSE?

a. Electrons flow from anode to cathode c. . Oxidation happens in anode

b. Copper undergo reduction to form copper ions d. Zinc undergo oxidation to form Zinc ions
5. If the cell potential is negative, the reaction is?
a. a success b. spontaneous c. not spontaneous

6. Species oxidized
 a. Zn b. Zn2+ c.
Cu2+ d.
Cu
6. Oxidation half reaction

a. Zn --> Zn2+ + 2 e- b.
Cu2+ + 2 e- --> Cu c. Zn + Cu2+ --> Cu + Zn2+
7. Reduction half reaction

a. Zn --> Zn2+ + 2 e- b.
Cu2+ + 2 e- --> Cu c. Zn + Cu2+ --> Cu + Zn2+
8. Cell notation

a. Zn / Zn2+ ll Cu2+ / Cu b. Zn2+ / Zn ll Cu / Cu2+ c. Cu2+ / Cu ll Zn / Zn2+

9. Direction of current flow

a. From anode to cathode b. From right to left c. From cathode to anode

Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

 General Chemistry 2: Week 7
Electrochemistry

1. This set of apparatus is used to..?

a. Generate electricity c. Discharge metal ion

b. electroplate silver spoon d. remove impurities of the spoon

2. What is the function of porous pot in Daniel Cell..?

a. To complete the circuit
b. Enable the movement of ion
c. Dont mix the solution

3. Electrolysis of copper(ii) sulphate solution produced colourless bubble gas. What is it..?
a. Oxygen gasb. Hydrogen gas c. nitrogen gas d. hydroxide gas

4.  In a voltaic cell, the half cell that receives anions from the salt bridge is
a. Cathode b. Anode

5. In which direction does electricity flow in a voltaic cell (battery)?

a. Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode
b. Electrons flow from left to right
c. Electrons flow from anode to cathode
d. Electrons flow from right to left

6.Which of the elements would be the cathode in a battery with these two elements?
a. Gold: reduction potential = 1.5 V
b. Chlorine: reduction potential = 1.368 V
c. Neither could serve as the anode

7.The process in which electrical energy is used to bring about a chemical change
a. fuel cell b. battery c. electrolysis d. voltaic cell

8.An electrochemical cell that is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy
a. electrolysis b. electrode c. voltaic cell d. anode

9. If Al is above Co in the activity series of metals, which of the following will occur if Al metal is
put into a solution of cobalt nitrate?
a. a redox reaction takes place c. the Al strip dissolves
b. the Al strip becomes coated with cobalt d. all of the above

10 An iron nail is put into a solution of copper nitrate, iron is above copper in the activity series of
metals, what will happen?
a. iron will be reduced c. bubbles of oxygen gas will form on iron nail
 b. the iron nail will become copper plated d. no reaction occurs

Name: _______________________________ Section:________________

 General Chemistry 2: Week 8
Electrode reactions

1. In an electrolytic cell the electrode at which the electrons enter the solution is called the ______ ; the
chemical change that occurs at this electrode is called _______.
(a) anode, oxidation (b) anode, reduction
(c) cathode, oxidation (d) cathode, reduction
2. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
(a) Oxidation and reduction half-reactions occur at electrodes in electrochemical cells.
(b) All electrochemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons.
(c) Reduction occurs at the cathode.
(d) All voltaic (galvanic) cells involve the use of electricity to initiate nonspontaneous chemical
reactions.
3. The half-reaction that occurs at the anode during the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide is:
(a) 2 Br-   Br2 + 2 e- (b) Br2 + 2 e-   2 Br-
+ -
(c) Na  + e    Na (d) Na   Na+ + e-
4. During the electrolysis of aqueous KCl solution using inert electrodes, gaseous hydrogen is evolved at
one electrode and gaseous chlorine at the other electrode. The solution around the electrode at which
hydrogen gas is evolved becomes basic as the electrolysis proceeds. Which of the following responses
describe or are applicable to the cathode and the reaction that occurs at the cathode?
(1) the positive electrode (2) the negative electrode
(3) 2 Cl-   Cl2 + 2 e- (4) Cl2 + 2 e-   2 Cl-
(5) 2 H2O   O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e- (6) 2 H2O + 2 e-  H2 + 2 OH-
(7) electrons flow from the electrode to the (8) electrons flow into the electrode from the
external circuit external circuit
(9) oxidation (10) reduction
(a) 2, 6, 8, 9 (b) 1, 5, 7, 9 (c) 2, 5, 7, 9 (d) 2, 6, 8, 10
5. What mass (in grams) of nickel could be electroplated from a solution of nickel(II) chloride by a current
of 0.25 amperes flowing for 10 hours?
(a) 12 g (b) 5.5 g (c) 0.046 g (d) 2.7 g
6. Molten AlCl3 is electrolyzed for 5.0 hours with a current of 0.40 amperes. Metallic aluminum is produced
at one electrode and chlorine gas, Cl2, is produced at the other. How many liters of Cl2 measured at
STP are produced when the electrode efficiency is only 65%?
(a) 0.55 L (b) 0.63 L (c) 0.84 L (d) 0.98 L
7. How long (in hours) must a current of 5.0 amperes be maintained to electroplate 60 g of calcium from
molten CaCl2?
(a) 27 hours (b) 8.3 hours (c) 11 hours (d) 16 hours
8. How long, in hours, would be required for the electroplating of 78 g of platinum from a solution of
[PtCl6]2-, using an average current of 10 amperes at an 80% electrode efficiency?
(a) 8.4 (b) 5.4 (c) 16.8 (d) 11.2
9. How many faradays are required to reduce 1.00 g of aluminum(III) to the aluminum metal?
(a) 1.00 (b) 1.50 (c) 3.00 (d) 0.111
10. Which of the following is the strongest oxidizing agent?
(a) Pb2+ (b) I2 (c) Ag+ (d) Pb
11. As the cell given below operates, the strip of silver gains mass (only silver) and the concentration of
silver ions in the solution around the silver strip decreases, while the strip of lead loses mass and the
concentration of lead increases in the solution around the lead strip. Which of the following represents
the reaction that occurs at the negative electrode in the above cell?
Pb / Pb(NO3)2 (1.0 M) || AgNO3 (1.0 M) / Ag
(a) Pb2+ + 2 e-   Pb (b) Pb   Pb2+ + 2 e-
+ -
(c) Ag  + e    Ag (d) Ag   Ag+ + e-
12. For a voltaic (or galvanic) cell using Ag,Ag+ (1.0 M) and Zn,Zn2+ (1.0 M) half-cells, which of the
following statements is incorrect?
(a) The zinc electrode is the anode.
(b) Electrons will flow through the external circuit from the zinc electrode to the silver electrode.
(c) Reduction occurs at the zinc electrode as the cell operates.
(d) The mass of the zinc electrode will decrease as the cell operates.
(e) The concentration of Ag+ will decrease as the cell operates.
13. Consider the standard voltaic (or galvanic) cell: Fe,Fe2+ versus Au,Au3+. Which answer identifies the
cathode and gives the Eo for the cell?
(a) Fe, -0.44 V (b) Au, 1.94 V (c) Fe, 1.06 V (d) Au, 1.06 V
14. What is the value of E for the half-cell:
MnO4- (0.010 M) + 8H+ (0.20 M) + 5e-   Mn2+ (0.020 M) + 4H2O ?
(a) 1.50 V (b) 1.86 V (c) 1.44 V (d) 1.58 V
15. Calculate the potential (in volts) for the voltaic (or galvanic) cell indicated at 25oC.
Ga / Ga3+ (10-6 M) || Ag+ (10-4 M) / Ag
(a) 1.29 V (b) 0.97 V (c) 1.45 V (d) 1.21 V
16. A concentration cell is constructed by placing identical Cu electrodes in two Cu2+ solutions. If the
concentrations of the two Cu2+ solutions are 1.0 M and 0.0020 M, calculate the potential of the cell.
(a) 0.020 V (b) 1.2 V (c) 0.030 V (d) 0.080 V
17. What is  Go per mole of dichromate ions for the reduction of dichromate ions, Cr2O72-, to Cr3+ by
bromide ions, Br-, in acidic solution? (Hint: Use the standard cell potential.)
(a) +26.3 kJ (b) -145 kJ (c) +145 kJ (d) -26.3 kJ
19. In voltaic cells, such as those diagrammed in your text, the salt bridge _______ .
(a) is not necessary in order for the cell to work
(b) acts as a mechanism to allow mechanical mixing of the solutions
(c) allows charge balance to be maintained in the cell
(d) is tightly plugged with firm agar gel through which ions cannot pass
20. Which of the following statements is(are) true for all voltaic (or galvanic) cells?
(I) Reduction occurs at the cathode.
(II) The anode gains mass during discharge (note: this means operation of the cell.)
(III) The voltage is less than or equal to zero.

(a) only III (b) only II (c) only I (d) II and III