BTEC FPT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT 1:
UNIT: NETWORKING

STUDENT : DOAN XUAN DUYEN

CLASS : IT16102
STUDENT ID : BDAF200026
SUPERVISOR : TRUONG DANG HIEU

Da Nang, June 2021

 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma in Business

Unit number and

Unit: Networking
title

Date received (1st

Submission date
submission)

Date received (2nd

Re-submission date
submission)

Student name Doan Xuan Duyen Student ID BDAF200026

Class IT16102 Assessor name TRUONG DANG HIEU

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature:

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Student: Doan Xuan Duyen 3|Page

Student: Doan Xuan Duyen 4|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, I would like to extend a special thanks to my family for supporting me at this
time.

Secondly, I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Truong Dang Hieu, who
enthusiastically guided me to achieve learning results, and thank you for the knowledge that he
taught explained enthusiastically.

Besides, I also express my gratitude to the authors, brothers, sisters, and friends for
providing a wealth of knowledge used as references throughout this assignment.

Student: Doan Xuan Duyen 5|Page

 Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................9

CHAPTER 1: NETWORK TYPES, STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS OF

COMPUTER NETWORKS..........................................................................................................10

1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and

standards (P1):...........................................................................................................................10

1.1. Network...........................................................................................................10

1.2 Protocol and Standards....................................................................................12

CHAPTER 2: NETWORK TOPOLOGY & COMMUNICATION OF NETWORK

AND BANDWIDTH.....................................................................................................................19

2. Network topology & communication and Bandwidth

requirements (P2):.....................................................................................................................19

2.1 Network topology..............................................................................................19

2.2 Communication and Bandwidth:...........................................................................26

1. Define commutations in terms of networking..........................................................26

2. Rules of communication:..........................................................................................27

3. Bandwidth:................................................................................................................27

CHAPTER 3: NETWORKING DEVICES AND SERVER TYPES...............................29

3. Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server

types (P3):...............................................................................................................................29

3.1 Discuss 1 or 2 operating principles of a selected network device..........................29

3.2 List network devices...............................................................................................31

3.3 : List server types....................................................................................................33

 3.4 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server,
considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization: .. 37

CHAPTER 4: WORKSTATION HARDWARE AND NETWORKING SOFTWARE

...................................................................................................................................... 40

4. Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant

networking software (P4):.............................................................................................................40

4.1 Define workstation hardware...................................................................40

4.2 Define networking software................................................................................46

4.3 Discuss and explain the interdependence of workstation hardware

with networking software. Derive an example........................................................47

Conclusion..........................................................................................................54
 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure 0-1 Network............................................................................................................10

Figure 0-2 OSI model........................................................................................................13

Figure 0-3 TCP/IP model...................................................................................................15

Figure 0-4 OSI model vs TCP/IP model............................................................................16

Figure 0-5 TCP vs UDP.....................................................................................................17

Figure 0-1 Physical topology vs Logical topology............................................................19

Figure 0-2 Bus topology................................................................................................20

Figure 0-3 Star topology....................................................................................................21

Figure 0-4 Ring topology...................................................................................................22

Figure 0-5 Mesh topology.................................................................................................23

Figure 0-6 Tree topology...................................................................................................24

Figure 0-7 Hybrid topology...............................................................................................25

Figure 0-8 Example communication..................................................................................26

Figure 0-1 Hub...................................................................................................................29

Figure 0-2 Repeater...........................................................................................................31

Figure 0-3 Router...............................................................................................................32

Figure 0-4 Firewall............................................................................................................33

Figure 0-5 Dedicate server.................................................................................................34

Figure 0-6 VPS server........................................................................................................34

Figure 0-7 Cloud server.....................................................................................................35

Figure 0-8 Web server.......................................................................................................35

Figure 0-9 Database server................................................................................................36

Figure 0-10 Mail server.....................................................................................................36

Figure 0-11 PowerEdge T40 server...................................................................................38

Figure 0-12 PowerEdge T40 server...................................................................................39

Figure 4-1 Case..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4-2 Mainboard........................................................................................................41

Figure 4-3 CPU..................................................................................................................42

Figure 4-4 RAM................................................................................................................42

Figure 4-5 ROM................................................................................................................43

Figure 4-6 BIOS.................................................................................................................43

Figure 4-7 SSD..................................................................................................................44

Figure 4-8 HDD.................................................................................................................44

Figure 4-9 Radiator fan air.................................................................................................45

Figure 4-10 Water coolers.................................................................................................45

Figure 4-11 NIC.................................................................................................................46

Figure 4-12 Networking software......................................................................................46

Figure 4-13 Step 1: you have to assembly network interface card....................................47

Figure 4-14 Step 2: Click the icon at the bottom right of the desktop..............................47

Figure 4-15 Step 3: Click the [Properties] button..............................................................48

Figure 4-16 Step 4: Double click on “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”...................................49

Figure 4-17 4-1. Assign IP using DHCP Server................................................................50

Figure 4-18 4-2. Manual IP assignment............................................................................51

Figure 4-19 Figure 4 18 4-2. Manual IP assignment.........................................................52

Figure 4-20 Check IP.........................................................................................................53

 INTRODUCTION

Networking is one of the subjects that need to master the knowledge base, helping
students understand the basic concepts of networks, their roles, models, how networks and their
protocols work. At the same time, providing knowledge and explanation about network devices,
helping students to understand the basic knowledge of network devices that they are using every
day as well as have a background of specialized knowledge in computer networking.

This report includes the following:

Chapter 1: Network types, standards and protocols of computer networks.

Chapter 2: Network topology & communication of network and bandwidth.

Chapter 3: networking devices and server types.

Chapter 4: workstation hardware and networking software.

 CHAPTER 1: NETWORK TYPES, STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS OF
COMPUTER NETWORKS.

LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols.

1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and
standards (P1):

1.1. Network:
a. Define: A computer network is a collection of computing devices ( computers,
servers, smartphones,...) that are connected with each other by media such as copper,
fiber optic, wireless... with the purpose of supporting users communicate, exchange
or sharing resources and information quickly. There are many network types and they
are usually classified according to their scale and geographic scope

Figure 0-1 Network

b. Network type:

WAN MAN LAN

(Wide Area Network) (Metropolitan Area (Local Area Network)
Network)
Define It can be said that WAN MAN network is a type LAN is a network
is a network of a lot of of network for urban commonly used in an
LAN networks to form a cities, large companies internal area, allowing
wide area network. with a larger area than a devices to connect and
LAN and smaller than a share data with each
WAN. other.

Benefit - Unlimited and - Enables easy - High speed.

widest signal deployment of - Low cost.
transmission professional - Simple network
capacity. applications. administration.
- Ability to control - Provide fast - Easy maintenance
user access. communication - Support to connect
multiple devices
quickly.
.

Constraint - Lowest - High investment - Limited to a small

bandwidth so
the connection cost than LAN area.
is very weak. network. - If there is a large
- Highest - Complicated amount of traffic at
investment cost
network the same time,
- Complicated
network management network congestion
management. - The signal will occur.
transmission
capacity is
limited within
about 100km

Table 1-0: Define, benefit and constraint of network types

 c. LAN vs WAN comparison table:

WAN LAN
Criteria
(Wide Area Network) (Local Area Network)

Zone size Big area Small area

Bandwidth Low High
Speed Low High
Cost Expensive Cheap
Design,
Easy Difficult
maintenance
Equipment for data Cable Fiber optic, satellite,
Wifi, Ethernet
transmission microwave

Table 1-1: LAN and WAN comparison

1.2 Protocol and Standards:

1. Network protocol definition: A protocol is a set of rules by which

devices can in some way share information, show how to handle system
failures, and start or end phases of data transmission. Devices in that group
must perform the same in order to understand and communicate with each
other.

2. OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model):

OSI is a model open system that has seven layers:
 Figure 0-2 OSI model

a. Layer 7 (Application layer): provides services for the user in end

devices.
Example:
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):is a protocol for website
applications.
- DNS (Domain Name System): is a protocol that translates a domain name
into an IP address for computers to use as identification on the network.

b. Layer 6 (Presentation layer): process in the correct syntax and order, encrypt
or unencrypt depending on the data being transmitted or received, encapsulate
data.
 c. Layer 5 (Session layer): determine when to transmit (when the receiver is
ready), establish, manage and terminate communication between the two
devices.

d. Layer 4 (Transport layer): decide the number of packets to be sent,

resolve errors and ensure flow control over the amount of information sent.
Example: TCP/ IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol): is the
set of protocols used on the internet.

e. Layer 3 (Network layer): transport, providing source and destination for

packets.
Example: ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): is a protocol of the Internet
Protocol packet, used to report possible errors in the transmission of data packets
over the network.

f. Layer 2 (Data link layer): format packets into a data frame, the bridge of data
transmission from the network to the physical.
Example: Ethernet is used to divide the data stream into frames consisting of
source and destination addresses. MAC (media access control) address.

g. Layer 1 (Physical layer): is the bottom most layer of the OSI model, doing
physics problems such as encoding, transmission rate, transmission mode…
Example: Hub, Converter, Repeater, …

3. TCP/ IP model ( Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol):

TCP/ IP model has four layer:
 Figure 0-3 TCP/IP model
a. Layer 4 (Application): have role communicate, provide services for the
user.

b. Layer 3 (Transport): resolve errors and ensure flow control over the
amount of information sent.

c. Layer 2 (Internet): route the data to be transported, looking for the best data
transmission path.

d. Layer 1 (Network Access): similar to the OSI model's physical and data
link layers.

4. Compare OSI model and TCP/IP model:

The OSI model and the TCP/IP model both have a layered architecture and
layers providing similar functionality but they have some differences such as:
 OSI model TCP/ IP model
Approach vertical approach horizontal approach
combine session layer and
divided into layers, each
Stratification presentation layer in the
with its own function
application layer

Usage low high

Dependency protocol independent depends on the protocol

Table 1-3: OSI model vs TCP/IP model

Figure 0-4 OSI model vs TCP/IP model

5. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) vs User Datagram Protocol

(UDP):
 TCP UDP

have no have
Check error
transmitted in a particular no data sequence
Data transmission
sequence, in order

slower and heavier faster

Performance

The packet can be unable to retransmit

Retransmit
retransmitted if packet is
lost or needs to be resent

20 bytes 8 bytes
Byte size
Table 1-2: TCP and UDP comparison

Figure 0-5 TCP vs UDP

 6. List some standard organizations and standards name:

- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers):

802.11b 802.11a 802.11g

Time 07/1999 07/1999 06/2003

Maximum 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps

data rate

Channel CCK, DSSS OFDM OFDM and CCK

arch (Orthogonal frequency-
division multiplexing )

Data rate 1, 2, 5.5, 11 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, CCK: 1,2,5.5, 11
Mbps 54 Mbps OFDM: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24,
36, 48, 54 Mbps

Frequency 2.4 – 2.497 5.15 – 5.35 Ghz 2.4-2.497 Ghz

Ghz

Table 1-4: Table of IEEE

Some standard organizations other:

a. ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

b. ITU (International Telecommunications Union - formerly CCITT)
c. ISO (International Organization for Standards)
d. EIA (Electronic Industries Association)
e. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK TOPOLOGY & COMMUNICATION OF
NETWORK AND BANDWIDTH.

LO2 Explain networking devices and operations.

2. Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements (P2):
2.1 Network topology:

Definition: Network topology is the way in which the elements of a network are
arranged together.

1. Topology Diagrams:
a. Physical topology: diagram showing the arrangement of physical
components such as computers, wires ... in a network system.
b. Logical Topology: the diagram shows the logic of the arrangement of
devices in the network.

Figure 0-1 Physical topology vs Logical topology

2. Examples of topology with diagrams:

a. Bus topology: is a type of network connection model where all

devices are connected on a line with both ends sealed by a terminator
device.
 Figure 0-2 Bus topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Easy to install - Hard to repair

- Cost savings - Causing congestion when
- Save the length of the wire transferring a large amount of
needed data at the same time
- Easy to expand the
connection

Table 1-5: Bus topology

b. Star topology: is a type of networking model where all devices

have a common connection through a Hub or Switch.
 Figure 0-3 Star topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Easy to install, manage, - Will be totally affected if

expand the hub fails
- Easy to fix separately - Takes more connection
wire
- More Expensive

Table 1-6: Star topology

c. Ring topology: is a kind of closed network model, all devices are

connected to form a circle and the signals will move in a fixed
direction.
 Figure 0-4 Ring topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Needless wire - If it fails, it will affect the entire

- Low price system
- Difficult to add equipment

Table 1-7: Ring topology

d. Mesh topology: is a kind of mesh network model, all devices in the

network will connect to the rest.
 Figure 0-5 Mesh topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Centralized management - High cost

- Easy error control - Difficult to install and manage

Table 1-8: Mesh topology

e. Tree topology: is a type of network connection model that

combines bus and star.
 Figure 0-6 Tree topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Easy to spot and fix - Complicated configuration

- Easy to expand - The entire network will fail
if the mainline fails
- High cost

Table 1-9: Tree topology

f. Hybrid topology: is a type of network model that combines many

types of network models.
 Figure 0-7 Hybrid topology

Advantages Disadvantages

- Easy to spot errors - High price

- Largest network connection - Difficult to install
- Can process a large amount of - Need more wiring
information at once connection

Table 1-9: Hybrid topology

2.2 Communication and Bandwidth:
1. Define commutations in terms of networking:

Almost similar to the way humans, computers also have ways to exchange data
with each other:

- Source: where to receive the data that the user wants to send
- Transmitter: where data is encrypted so it can be sent to another device
- Transmission medium: intermediate device of source and destination
- Receiver: where the incoming signal is received and decoded
- Destination: where the receiver can see the incoming data
Example:

Figure 0-8 Example communication

In this picture we can see:
- Source: the message the sender wants to send
- Transmitter: phone of the sender here will encrypt the sender's messages to
send.
- Transmission medium: a transmission device such as a network set...
- Receiver: the recipient's phone has received the incoming message, it will
convert the encoded signal into the user's language.
- Destination: the recipient has read.

2. Rules of communication:

- Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone,

letter,photograph)

- An identified sender and receiver.

- Common language and grammar

- Speed and timing of delivery

- Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

3. Bandwidth:

a. Bandwidth is the maximum speed that a web page can transmit in 1s, in
bits/s. The larger the bandwidth, the faster the data transmission speed, and vice
versa.

b. Bandwidth is divided into the following categories:

+ Based on the scope of use:

▪ Domestic bandwidth
▪ International Bandwidth

+ Based on usage:

▪ Bandwidth is committed
▪ Shared Bandwidth
▪ Private Bandwidth

c. How much bandwidth is appropriate?

▪ Download speed 1 - 6Mbps: the lowest connection level of wifi, can only
run basic applications, easily congested.
▪ Download speed of 6 - 15Mbps: meet basic needs, at the level of a family
of 1-2 people.
▪ Download speed 15 - 30Mbps: This is the standard speed in
Vietnam and is most commonly used.
▪ Speed 30 - 50Mbps: Meeting the needs of use, large access, important
operations on the internet, lag problems will not occur. Suitable for
large families, online business people, shops.
▪ Download speed over 50Mbps: suitable for businesses, game shops, etc.
Because this wifi network has broadband, high speed, strong.
CHAPTER 3: NETWORKING DEVICES AND SERVER TYPES.

LO3 Design efficient networked systems

3. Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types
(P3):
3.1 Discuss 1 or 2 operating principles of a selected network device
a. Hub: This is a device located in the physical layer, acting as a connection center,
used to transmit signals to different devices in the LAN system, but it does not
distinguish where to send data but transmits all data. data on each connection port.

Figure 0-1 Hub

Have three types hub:

- Passive hub: receive data on one port and then broadcast to all ports,
passive and does not improve performance.
- Active hub is improved to overcome the weaknesses of the old hub, it can
monitor which connected device data is sent to. By using store technology
(store technology) to check data before sending and evaluate which packets
need to be forwarded first.
- Smart hub in addition to the same functions of the two types above also has a
control chip that allows automatic detection and diagnosis of errors
 on physical devices, besides it also helps to check which devices in the network
are operating poorly.
b. Switch: A device used to connect network segments in a computer network,
creating a channel to transmit incoming data from any input port to the specified
output port.

Hub and switch devices have similar uses, both acting as connection hubs for
network devices. Receive data then diffuse and pass to other ports. But there are
certain differences:

Hub Switch

activity layer Physical layer Data link layer

data no data filtering data filtering

maximum only when there is a device Always

bandwidth that needs to transmit data

security Low High

You can see that the switch is better than the hub in almost every way.
3.2 List network devices:
Have many network devices but the most popular are:
- Repeater: • Repeaters are added to the wire at certain intervals to
alleviate the difficulties associated with excessive distance.
• A repeater is placed on the media some distance from the signal
source but still near enough to be able to correctly interpret the signal

Figure 0-2 Repeater

- Router: A router is a network device that is responsible for routing traffic
from one to another network. You can think of a router as traffic police who
directs different network traffic to different directions.

• Using logical address (IP) to handle packages.

• Run routing algorithms such as OSPF, RIP, BGP,… to create routing table.

• Transfer the packages from incoming port to outcoming port based on the
routing table.
 Figure 0-3 Router
- Firewall: A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and
outgoing network traffic and decides whether to allow or block specific traffic
based on a defined set of security rules.
 Figure 0-4 Firewall
3.3 : List server types :

Server: is a computer with many outstanding features, capable of storing and processing
data much larger than a normal computer. It is a central computer that provides the
services required by the customer, i.e. the computers and devices associated with it.

For example:

- When you use facebook messenger software, you are the client. The Facebook server
will play the role of providing information and services for you to use.

Servers are classified in many ways:

- Based on construction method:

▪ Dedicated Server is a server that users can rent privately to use, not
share with anyone.
 Figure 0-5 Dedicate server

▪ VPS - Virtual Private Server, in a physical server is divided into

many virtual servers, can be understood as a server running multiple
operating systems at the same time.

Figure 0-6 VPS server

 ▪ Cloud server applies cloud computing technology, making it easier to
upgrade resources.

Figure 0-7 Cloud server

- Function based:
▪ Web Server is a worker with the capacity of putting away data and
information of the site used to establish an association climate to help
clients access the site without any problem.

Figure 0-8 Web server

▪ Database Server is used for database administration. Install
professional database management software such as SQL server,
MySQL, Oracle... on the machine.

Figure 0-9 Database server

▪ Mail server is a machine that sends and receives e-mail simply like a
post office on the internet.

Figure 0-10 Mail server

3.4 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server,
considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization:

Requirements for choosing server configuration

- CPUs have multiple cores. A CPU with more physical cores will provide
faster processing speed, ensuring smoother multi-tasking.
- Invest the maximum RAM to configure the server with high RAM
memory to help process a lot of data at the same time, avoiding the
computer "sluggish".
- SSD hard drive: fast read and write speed, no data fragmentation, durable
because there is no spinning disk motor, no fear of shaking, low power
consumption, no noise ...
- Network connections: Physical servers always need high bandwidth for
network connections to avoid bottlenecks. Virtual servers usually don't use much
traffic, but some transactional applications will, so a large network connection is
recommended.
- Link Archive: Using RAID because the backup, recovery, and error-proof
mechanism will help keep data safe.

Example:

A small business with a budget of about 25 - 30 million wants to build a server that
supports 26 users to support storing and sharing document files, using basic
management application software.

In this case, I recommend choosing Dell servers as a safe and stable choice because
their brand has been associated with quality and reputation for a long time.

The most suitable is probably the PowerEdge T40 with the specifications:
 Figure 0-11 PowerEdge T40 server

- Processor: 1 x Intel Xeon E-2224G 3.5GHz, 8M Cache, 4C/4T, turbo (71W)

- Memory: 1 x 8GB DDR4 2666 MT/s ECC UDIMMs

- Network controller: 1 Gigabit Ethernet port

- Storage: 1 x 1TB 7.2K RPM SATA 6Gbps Entry 3.5in

- RAM memory: 2*16GB DDR4 UDIMM, 2666 MT (Kingston)

- RAID supports Software RAID: Intel Rapid Storage Controller 12.0 (supports
SATA 6Gb/s or SATA 3Gb/s)

- Network card: tel I219-LM Gigabit Ethernet

- Optical drive: DVDRW

- Power: 300W

- Form factor: Tower

Figure 0-12 PowerEdge T40 server

 CHAPTER 4: WORKSTATION HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
SOFTWARE

LO4 Implement and diagnose networked systems.

4. Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant

networking software (P4):
- Workstation is a computer with higher performance than a regular desktop computer,
often used in jobs such as drawing graphics, producing movies or videos, etc., so it is
specially designed to use heavy software and requires high processing power. Depending on
the level of hardware equipment, there are many prices.

4.1 Define workstation hardware:

- Workstation hardware:

+ Case: contains the system's power supply and all internal components.

Figure 4-1 Case

+ Mainboard: place to attach components, can be compared to them as human
skeleton, they will control the speed and path of data flow between devices.

Figure 4-2 Mainboard

+ CPU (Central Processing Unit): calculation, data processing, operating the
working parts. Workstations are often used Intel core i7 or Intel XEON have
ability to handle multithreading, high cache, high clock speed.
 Figure 4-3 CPU
+ RAM (Random Access Memory): where computers access to process
information temporarily. The larger the RAM, the larger the background storage
space, the device will operate smoothly and stably, without lag. Powerful
computers like workstations will usually have around 16GB.

Figure 4-4 RAM

+ ROM (Read-only memory): is the internal memory that stores the pre-
installed data from the beginning of the computer.
 Figure 4-5 ROM
+ BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): is the first program that runs
immediately after the computer boots up to prepare the computer so that software
programs stored on storage devices can be loaded, executed, and controlled by the
computer.

Figure 4-6 BIOS

+ Storage Systems: There are two commonly seen types, SSD and HDD, but
now people use SSD more because of its faster processing ability.

Figure 4-7 SSD

Figure 4-8 HDD

+ Radiator fan: There are two types of heatsinks, air coolers and water coolers
(for pc). Water coolers have a higher heat dissipation capacity than air coolers.

Figure 4-9 Radiator fan air

Figure 4-10 Water coolers

+ NIC (Network Interface Card): is an expansion card that helps the computer
connect to the network, the network card acts as an interface at the TCP / IP layer and can
transmit signals at the physical layer (physical layer in the OSI model), transport
packets ) data at the network layer.

Figure 4-11 NIC

4.2 Define networking software:
- Network software are programs programmed for the purpose of assisting users
in using computers.

Figure 4-12 Networking software

 - It is the non-physical applications that run inside the computer.
- A computer has many software support for different tasks.

4.3 Discuss and explain the interdependence of workstation hardware with

networking software. Derive an example:
a) The interdependence of workstation hardware with networking
software:
- Hardware and software are always closely related, software is used to
process information about proposed hardware.
- Hardware determines software performance. Good hardware, software runs fast
and stable. Some software also requires the hardware to reach a certain parameter
to be able to operate. All hardware has specifications.
- With both hardware and software, the machine can work.
b) Example:
You have a computer and want to install network for it:
Step 1: you have to assembly network interface card (hardware)

Figure 4-13 Step 1: you have to assembly network interface card

Step 2: Click the icon at the bottom right of the desktop (Software)

Figure 4-14 Step 2: Click the icon at the bottom right of the desktop
Step 3: Click the [Properties] button
 Figure 4-15 Step 3: Click the [Properties] button
Step 4: Double click on “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”
 Figure 4-16 Step 4: Double click on “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”
Step 5: Configuration

There are two ways to configure the TCP/IP protocol:

4-1. Assign IP using DHCP Server

Select Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS Server address automatically
as shown below. Then click OK to save the configuration.
 Figure 4-17 4-1. Assign IP using DHCP Server
4-2. Manual IP assignment

Select Use the following IP address

If the router's LAN IP address is 192.168.1.1, enter the IP in the format 192.168.1.x x"
optionally 2 to 254), the Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0 and the Gateway is 192.168.1.1.
 Figure 4-18 4-2. Manual IP assignment
If the LAN IP address of the Router is 192.168.0.1, enter the IP in the format 192.168.1.x
（“x” optional from 2 to 254）, the Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0 and the Gateway is
192.168.0.1.
 Figure 4-19 Figure 4 18 4-2. Manual IP assignment
Step 5: Check IP
Figure 4-20 Check IP
 Conclusion:

Through the above report, we can understand the basics of computer networks, types of
networks, standards and protocols of computer networks. Network topology as well as network
communication, bandwidth metrics, network devices and server types besides we can better
understand the connection between workstation hardware and network software.