GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | May 2021

ISSN- 2455-5703

Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems

on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
Doi Gulam Ashraf. F Ashutosh D. Patel
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering (SPCE), Visnagar Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering (SPCE), Visnagar

Abstract
This Study presents the performance of Flat Slab System when constructed with different lateral load resisting systems when
located in high seismic area. Lateral load resisting system includes RC Shear wall and Bracings. Different types of Bracings like
V type bracing, Inverted V type bracing, X type bracing and Buckling Resistant Bracing as well as Shear wall at different location
is used and parameter such as Lateral Displacement, Storey Drift, Storey Stiffness and Storey Shear are been compared. Analytical
model has been worked out in ETABS Software and performance of Flat slab with lateral load resisting system is examined.
Keywords- Shear Wall, Bracings, Story Drift, Displacement, Story Shear, ETABS

I. INTRODUCTION
In design and engineering practice, the selectively defined design of space, design of structure, speed and efficiency. The system
consist of column resting directly on floor slab for which sufficient strength ductility should be provide. The absence of beamex
the transferring of their role to the floor RC structure which gain in height and density of reinforcement in the part of hidden beam,
the bearing capacity of the structural system. In the 1950s, flat plate construction-particularly for medium to high-rise office and
residential buildings. Reinforced concrete flat plate construction has been and continuous to be used as an economical structural
for many buildings.
This system is suitable to resists gravity load but its seismic response is very poor. In high seismic regions, Flat plate
structures are connect with either a beam-column moment frame or shear wall or bracing lateral resisting system.
In the present report behavior of flat slab combined with shear wall and bracings subjected to lateral loading is studied
using linear static co-efficient method.
Building Systems a building following sub structure system to transfer the different types of loads.
– Horizontal Sub Systems
– Vertical Sub System
– Lateral Sub Systems for High Rise Buildings

A. Horizontal Sub Systems

Horizontal sub system consists of structural elements such as Slab, Beams and small elements like drop panels in case of beamless
floor or flat slab. These elements are monolithically casted so as to jointly resist the effects of applied loads (both gravity as well
as lateral loads). Horizontal sub systems are of different types as slab-beam, flat plate, flat slab, waffle slab, grid floor, prestressed
concrete slab etc.

B. Vertical Sub Systems

Vertical sub system collects the loads from the horizontal sub system and transmits it to earth through foundation. Column lies
under this system.

C. Lateral Sub Systems

Vertical sub system collects the loads from the horizontal sub system and transmits it to earth through foundation. Column lies
under this system.

D. Flat Slab
Flat slab buildings are very common now a days. Flat slabs with drop panels and column are commonly constructed as extra
projections provide protection against punching shear and also decrease the heavy negative moment. If drop panel is not provided
then that system is called Flat Plate system. In the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, 91 flat plate buildings collapsed and 44 were
severely damaged due to punching failure.
Punching shear strength of slab-column connection is of importance which is depends upon the gravity shear ratio.
Exterior slab-column connections behave differently than interior slab-column connections. When flat slab is subjected to lateral
load every joint transfer the moment. When it is subjected to gravity loads only then edge and corner column transfer moment and
interior column may transfer moment when it is subjected to pattern loading or when span lengths are unequal.

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Flat plate system is very economical and provides spatial flexibility to the user. Some distinct advantages of flat slab
system over other systems are as follows:
1) Low floor to floor height which also reduce the total building height, lower cladding costs and prefabricated services.
2) Low cost is also due to faster construction because form work is very easy. Rapid turnaround can be achieved by using early
striking and flying system. The overall speed of construction will depend upon the construction of vertical elements.
3) When flat slabs are used without drops panels (thickened part of slab near column to resist punching shear) then it also provides
flexibility to the occupier because there is no restriction on positioning of horizontal services and partitions. Flat slab system
is best for using as office, restaurants and parking areas etc.
4) Good aesthetical appearance and more architectural flexibility of building.

E. Shear Wall
Shear wall is a structural member which is generally used to resist lateral forces i.e. parallel to the plane of the wall. Continuous
concrete vertical wall serves both architecturally as partition and structurally to carry gravity and lateral load. Shear wall are used
in building to resist shear wall ideally suit for tall buildings. Shear wall generally start at foundation level and continue to building
height. They act vertical cantilever in the form of separate planner wall. Shear wall in building must be symmetrically located in
plan to reduce ill effect of twice in building. In other words, Shear walls are vertical member of the horizontal force resisting
system. Structurally, the finest position for the shear walls is in the centre of each half of the building. This is rarely practical, since
it also uses the space a lot, so they are positioned at the ends. It is better to use walls with no or minimum openings in them. So,
usually the walls around lift shafts and stairwells are used as shear wall.

F. Bracing
A braced frame is a structural system generally use in structure to resist the lateral load due to wind and earthquake. Which can
work effectively both in tension and compression. The beams and columns that from the frame carry vertical load, and bracing
carry vertical load. The position of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of faced and the
position of openings. Building adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an
internal or external design feature. Cross bracing can rise a building’s ability to withstand seismic movement. Bracing is important
in earthquake resistant buildings because it helps to keep the structure standing. Cross bracing is usually seen through two diagonal
supports placed in an X shaped manner; these support compression and tension forces. This method of construction maximizes the
mass of the load a structure is able to support. It is a usual applied when constructing earthquake-safe buildings.
Table 1: G+10 Storey Building Description
Description Dimension
Storey G+10
Storey Height 3m
Column Size 700 x 700 mm
Slab Thickness 150 mm
Shear Wall thickness 228 mm
Material Property
Concrete grade M30
Steel Grade Fe500
Seismic Parameters
Seismic Zone III and IV
Soil type Medium
Importance factor 1
Response reduction factor 5
Load Data
Live Load 2
3 KN/m
Dead Load 2
4.75 KN/m
Type of support Fix

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 1: Flat Slab

Fig. 2: Flat Slab

G. Load Combinations
Frame Following load cases are considered for design of building.
1) Dead Load (DL)
2) Live Load (LL)
3) Floor Finish
4) Earthquake Load along X direction (EQX)
5) Earthquake Load along Y direction (EQY)
Due to the above cases, following load combination are considered for design of structural elements as per IS 1893, 2002.
1) 1.5 (DL+LL)
2) 1.2 (DL+LL±EQX)
3) 1.2 (DL+LL±EQY)
4) 1.5 (DL±EQX)
5) 1.5 (DL±EQY)
6) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 EQX
7) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 EQY

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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H. Building Configuration
To study the behavior of Flat Slab under lateral load with different types of lateral load resisting system in Zone III and Zone IV
is considered. Static co-efficient method is used in the analysis process. Structure considered in this analysis is used to be a public
building with importance factor taken as 1.0. Bay size has taken as 5 meter in both the direction. Building size in plan is 25 m x
25 m.Typical height of the floor is taken 3 m.The size of column is taken as 0.7 m x 0.7 m. Thickness of slab and drop is taken as
150 mm and 225 mm respectively. Shear wall of thickness 228 mm is provided.

II. RESULT
The result of Flat slab models with different lateral load resisting system is discussed in the following section.

A. Storey Displacement

Fig. 3: story displacement of flat slab (zone 4)

Fig. 4: story displacement of flat slab (zone 4)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 5: story displacement of flat slab with bracing (zone 4)

Fig. 6: story displacement of flat slab (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 7: story displacement of flat slab with shear wall (zone 3)

Fig. 8: story displacement of flat slab with bracing (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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B. Storey Drift

Fig. 9: story drift of flat slab (zone 4)

Fig. 10: story drift of flat slab with shear wall (zone 4)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 11: story drift of flat slab with bracing (zone 4)

Fig. 12: story drift of flat slab (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 13: story drift of flat slab with shear wall (zone 3)

Fig. 14: story drift of flat slab with bracing (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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C. Storey Shear

Fig. 15: story shear of flat slab (zone 4)

Fig. 16: story shear of flat slab with shear wall (zone 4)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 17: story shear of flat slab with bracing (zone 4)

Fig. 18: story shear of flat slab (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 19: story shear of flat slab with shear wall (zone 3)

Fig. 20: story shear of flat slab with bracing (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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D. Storey Stiffness

Fig. 21: story stiffness of flat slab (zone 4)

Fig. 22: story stiffness of flat slab with shear wall (zone 4)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 23: story stiffness of flat slab with bracing (zone 4)

Fig. 24: story stiffness of flat slab (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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Fig. 25: story stiffness of flat slab with shear wall (zone 3)

Fig. 26: story stiffness of flat slab with bracing (zone 3)

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 Effect of Various Lateral Load Resisting Systems on Buildings with Flat Slab Systems
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III. CONCLUSION
The Seismic evaluation of flat slab buildings designed for gravity load and earthquake load, combined with or without shear wall
and bracings is presented. In the thesis analysis on 11 story flat slab building is carried out using etabs with and without shear wall
and bracing. Following conclusion.
1) The research conclude that flat slab behaves as strong column weak beam mechanism because first hinges is formed at slab
connection and slab-beam member.
2) If the percentage of shear wall is increase then performance point is improved in flat slab building.
3) Fundamental time period is higher in flat slab compared to beam-column framed structure.
4) Maximum inter-story drift is reduce if the number of shear wall increase. It shows that behavior of flat slab with shear wall is
governed by shear wall only.
5) To enhance the punching shear strength of flat slab, shear studs reinforcement can be used. It include shear strength and
increase ductility of slab.

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