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03 Analysis & Design of Substructures - Part15

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31 views

03 Analysis & Design of Substructures - Part15

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amirah queen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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- Analysis and Design of Substructures

( < / ) Design of substructure elements so that they can be built as economically as possible.
A thorough understanding of the principles of soil mechanics in terms of stability, stress
and settlement analysis is a necessary ingredient to the successful practice of foundation
engineering. The understanding of the geological processes involved in the formation of soil
masses is also important as both soil stability and deformation are dependent on the stress
history of the mass.
It may be stressed again that the design of substructures must be adequate from both
safety and economic points of view. A foundation engineer must look at the entire system-
the purpose, construction methods, and construction costs-to arrive at a design which fulfils
the owner 's need and does not excessively degrade the environment.
Construction of structures in areas which have been used as sanitary landfills, garbage
dumps or even in hazardous waste disposal areas may pose a real challenge to a foundation
engineer. Such areas should be well explored and decisions on foundation type be taken very
carefully. A one to two per cent overdesign in these areas may prove to be a good
investment.

1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSTRUCTURES


A substructure must be capable of satisfying several stability and deformation requirements
such as:
1 . The substructure should be properly located with respect to any future influence
which could adversely affect its performance.
2. The substructure elements must be safe against overturning, rotation , sliding or soil
rupture.
3. Total and differential settlements should be tolerable for both the substructure and
superstructure elements.

1.4 SCOPE
Hie primary focus of the book will be on analysis and design of substructures for buildings,
bridges, offshore structures, transmission line towers and retaining structures using the
fundamental principles of basic soil mechanics and earth pressures which have been
discussed in Chapters 2 and 4 respectively. Chapter 3 is devoted to the various methods of
geotechnical exploration and evaluation of soil parameters needed in designs. The limit state
concept has been utilised for structural design . The designs based on limit state concepts are
better than the designs done by ultimate load or working stress method as this concept is
more rational and provides economical design. Salient features of limit state design concepts
have been included in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, general principles involved in a foundation
design have been discussed .
Both shallow and deep foundations ( /.<?. footings, rafts, piles and wells) have been
covered in detail in Chapters 7 to 9. Analysis and design of piers and abutments have been
given in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 covers mainly the design of breakwaters and wharves.
Retaining structures of concrete (commonly termed as retaining wall ) and metal (as sheet
piling) are considered in Chapters 11 and 12. Expansive soils are common in many parts of

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