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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

Achieving the Benefits and Requirements of Integrated

Project Delivery Method Using BIM

Mahdi S. Salim1,a * and Ahmed Mohammed Raoof Mahjoob1,b

1
Civil Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
a
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. Through the last decade, Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) methodology considers
one of the new contractual relations that are also on the way to further integrate the process of
combining design and instruction. On the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM)
made significant advancements in coordinating the planning and construction processes. It is
being used more often in conjunction with traditional delivery methods. In this paper, the
researcher will present the achievement of IPD methodology by using BIM through applying
on the design of the financial commission building in Mayssan Oil Company in Iraq. The
building has not been constructed yet and it was designed by using 2D CAD drawings. The
researcher will redesign the project by using BIM to eliciting the abilities that are consistent
with the requirements and benefits of integrated project delivery (IPD). The results show that
BIM is an appropriate technology that can be used with the IPD method because it has
achieved most of the requirements and benefits of IPD.

Keywords: Building information modeling (BIM), integrated project delivery (IPD).

1. Introduction
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a new approach, its main requirements is the involvement of the
major project participants from initial phases of the project, and that can be achieved by using BIM.
BIM is a tool that recently adopted by architecture, engineering, and construction industries in the
world. BIM technology provides a precise digital virtual model of building without conflicts or
clashes. It promotes design during all its phases, enabling better control and analysis when the model
completed, it become a curate digital model contains all data that support the construction and other
phases of the project. Using the IPD method with BIM relatively is a new approach to the design and
construction phases of the project [1].

2. IPD Definitions and Characteristics

Many literatures define what IPD is about. Although they have some differences in some parts of the
definition, however, there are more similarities. The most common definition is presented by
American Institute of Architect California Council, which is "IPD as a project delivery approach that
integrates people, organizations, business structures and exercises into a process that collaboratively
harnesses the talents and insights of all project participants to optimize the results, increase value to
the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all stages of design, manufacturing and
building"[2]. This detention point to the development of an integrated team which guided by the
principles that shown in Fig. 1.
These principles of IPD can be a chance to be used under a variety of contractual exercises to
accomplish in cooperation. This will initiate starting from the early phase of design and continue
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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

through to deliver the project [4]. The main emphasis in delivering the integrated project is the final
value that has been formed for the structure and the owner, instead of focusing each participant
exclusively on their share of the building without considering the implications of the entire project
process. This IPD system will bring the whole participants together early with cooperative incentives
to maximize the value of the project to the customer. This integrated system will allow participants to
make decisions in early project designing so they can prepare most of the costs. Close teamwork can
get clear of a large waste trade in the scheme, and permit data to be shared simultaneously between the
planning and construction team, which removes a large obstacles to increasing project productivity
[4].

Figure 1. Principals of IPD [2, 3].

3. Building Information Modeling (BIM)

The US National Building Information Model Project committee has a great starting point in
illustrating BIM. Although there are many definitions, they defined BIM as " Building Information
Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. BIM
is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions
during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition. Another definition
describes BIM as "A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different
phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM to
support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder" [6].
As a practical substance, the committee also notes that the BIM represents the management of
information, this means data added to and shared by all project members. The right data to the right
individual at the right time. Also, BIM represents a project delivery interoperable process -
determining how individual teams work and how many teams work together to design-build and
operate the facility. As well as BIM represents integrated technology solutions for design, encourages
creativity, provides more feedback, and team empowerment. So BIM is a software tool that the project
team uses to virtually design and build the building over the Internet by integrating model simulations,
such as service constructability and service configurations that can be simulated during construction
[7].

4. Relationships Between BIM and IPD

AIA and AIA California Council Guide reflect the interrelationship between BIM and IPD as "It is
understood that integrated project delivery and building information modeling (BIM) are different
concepts – the first is a process and the second a tool. Certainly, integrated projects are done without
BIM and BIM is used in non-integrated processes. However, the full potential benefits of IPD and
BIM are achieved only when they are used together" [2]. Moreover, IPD and BIM match each other by
improving project management by increasing data exchange and collaboration between stakeholders,
this leading to less risk of defects and rectification; less materials waste and less disputes during
construction

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

IPD is the catalyst that allows parties to easily exchange ideas, information, and intellectual
property, and this along with BIM, creates efficiencies throughout the project life. This methodology
also removes the " us vs them " attitude because participants must share protected intellectual property
in another way to achieve project outcomes.

5. Application of IPD-BIM Integration

To examine the achievement of IPD-BIM integration, a construction project will be used as a case
study. The project locates in the campus of Mayssan Oil Company in the center of Al-Amarah city /
Mayssan province in Iraq. The area of the project 2240 m2. The building includes three stories, the
ground story consist of sixteen office rooms, two holes, two rooms for manager of commission,
fortified room to store the money, and a room for electricity adapters. The first floor also consists of
the same described facilities except one hole was divided into two rooms and set an office room
instead of the protected room, while the second floor was the same with the ground floor. The building
scheme also consisted of one elevator, two water cycles for each story, and two emergency exits.
The building design involves all the items in the structural design in which the concrete was used
for foundation, columns, ceiling, and walls that make up the protected room, as well as the brick for
the walls of the other rooms of the building. While the architectural interfaces were designed in a way
that to be compatible with nearby buildings interfaces. Fig. 2 shows the architectural drawings for the
ground floor.

Figure 2. Architectural drawing for the ground floor of the financial commission building.

6. Current Design Workflow

In this case study, the workflow of design consists of several steps that usually adopted in the Iraqi
government firms when implementing the work using traditional ways such as direct implementation
or Design-Bid-Building. After obtaining the approval of the establishment of the project, the design
department begins to form the schematic design using 2D CAD according to the building requirements
stated by the requesting commission for the building, and then presented this conceptual design to the
same body to make notes on the plan. After amendment on the plan according to the notes, the design
department begins to prepare a detailed design for the architectural, structural, electrical, and
mechanical designs separately using 2D. They use to description of the plumbing works illustrated in
the bill of quantities only without being represented in the drawings, depending on the implementation
on the site by the engineers at the construction phase. The bill of quantities were performed by each
division according to the specialist, and then combined in one bill and estimate the cost for the project

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

and obtain the approval for the budget to prepare the contract documents for bidding. Fig. 3
summarized the current workflow of the designing phase in the department of design.
In general, there is no single model that combines all the components of the building design to
detect conflicts that cause delays in the construction phase. Also, the steps followed in the design stage
suffer from fragmentation and were not characterized by cooperation where each division design their
part and prepare the related bill of quantities without reference to other components of the building
design. This may cause many inconsistencies and errors during the construction phase that result in a
delay in the implementation time and increasing the construction cost of the project due to rework.
Also, the majority of these activities in the design phase were made by correspondence between
departments and between designers while the face-to-face communication may be nonexistent.

Obtain the approval to create the project

Identification of the project requirements

by meeting with the requesting body

Create schematic design

NO Obtain the approval upon

the schematic design

Yes

Preparation of the detailed design

Coordination between divisions

Preparation of the architectural Preparation of the mechanical

Preparation of the electrical drawings by
and structural drawings by drawings by mechanical design
electrical design Division
construction design Division Division

Manually create bill of quantity Manually create bill of quantity for Manually create bill of quantity
for civil works electrical works for mechanical works

Estimation cost and determine budget

NO Obtain the approval for

the budget

Yes

Preparation of the contract documents

Tendering/Bidding

Figure 3. the current design flow chart for the case study during the design phase.

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

7. Application of BIM

7.1. Design Requirements

The Design of the financial commission building was performed according to the requirements that
were stated during the meeting between the Director of the financial commission, the Director of the
projects commission, the department's Directors of the financial commitment and the designers, which
were as following:
 A building that accommodates a staff of six departments with all divisions.
 Design the floors and rooms according to the relation between the departments so that each
two departments have more communication will locate on one floor.
 Specify the ground floor to the departments related to the payment of salaries of employees
and financial dues to facilitate the delivery of dues through the external windows of the
building.
 Adopting the halls system for the employees to facilitate the communication between them
and allocate one hall for training.
 Placing emergency exits with fire alarm system in the building for safety requirements.
 Installing external roofs around the building on windows where salaries are delivered to
prevent the arrival of sunlight as well as the rains when salaries are delivered to employees.
 Identify the money storage room on the ground floor as it is intended to pay salaries and dues.

The main goal was to fulfill these requirements so that they construct one building collecting all the
departments of the financial commitment to facilitate the communication between them and decrease
the time consumed to perform the transaction. Meeting with most of the stakeholders of the project to
identify the requirements of the building before starting the design process, means involve the
participation of all parties concerned from the early stages of the project. This step will achieve one of
the most important principles of the IPD method (Early Involvement of Key Participants), which
enhances the ability to define the project goals (Early Goal Definition). Thus, creating a long list of
requirements are achieved, and then shorten this list to the requirements only to being creating a
schematic design and produce it to the owner or the requesting body for approval. Then starting the 2D
architectural plan. To redesign the building using BIM methodology, the architectural model will be
allocated after conversion from 2D to 3D as a central file to be imported to create local files to
complete the other components of the building (Structural and MEP design). The design in each local
file will be synchronized to the central file to show all the updates in the central file and show the
work of each other local files in this local file and vice versa. The researcher will apply the flowchart
diagram that illustrated in Fig. 4 to redesign the building using BIM methodology.

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

BIM coordinator

Convert the 3D Model to central file

(Server)

Borrower
Synchronize each Synchronize each
local file local file

Designer 1 Designer 2 Designer 3 Designer 4

(Local file) (Local file) (Local file) (Local file)

Work set A Work set A Work set A Work set A

Work set B Work set B Work set B Work set B

Work set C Work set C Work set C Work set C

Figure 4. the flowchart diagram of BIM implementation.

7.2. Architectural model

The researcher used Revit 2019 to create a 3D architectural model and integrate all other components
of the case study. The start was by import the 2D plan for each story of the building from cad to Revit.
Based on the description of some items such as interface's items, the finishing of walls, the location of
columns in the 2D drawings, location, and dimensions of the windows and doors. The architectural
model was built to become the original model for all other discipline designers, which later will be
imported to complete the design details of other components of the building. Fig. 5 shows the 3D
architectural model.

Figure 5. The 3D architectural model.

7.3. Structural Form

After the architectural design was completed, the model was imported to create a local file related to
the structural design. The structural design began by applying the live and dead loads using the
structural analysis programs to determine the dimensions of the foundations, columns, beams, and the
slab based on carry out the required calculations, as well as calculating the required reinforcements.
Then establishing the elements cross-sections of building to cover all structural details that will be
needed in the construction phase of the project. The structural model was synchronized to the central

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

file to merge the structural and architectural design in one model. Fig. 6 shows the structural model for
the building.

Figure 6. the structural model and section of beam B4.

7.4. Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) Design

The case study does not contain any mechanical works, therefore the researcher will focusing on the
electrical and plumping designs in this domain.

7.5. Electrical Design

A local file was created related to electrical design and subdivided into four work sets represent the
lighting, power, telephone, and fire alarm system to be synchronized to the central file. All the
electrical drawings were presented in a 3D model based on 2D CAD and the description of electrical
items in the bill of quantities. The interior ceiling light fixture and wall lighting were represented in
the 3D model for each floor. All these lighting fixtures and other electrical fixtures such as fans and
power sockets 13A, 32A, 45A, were linked to the electrical secondary panel for lighting and power.
Fig. 7 shows the distribution of ceiling light and its wiring system.

Figure 7. The ceiling light fixture and wiring system.

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

The fire alarm system was also represented in the 3D model based on the 2D CAD and the items
description in the bill of quantity. Smoke detectors have represented in the ceiling for each story and
linking them to the 4-zone panel of fire alarm. The electrical and telephone cables will be represented
by draw conduits and marking each conduit to represent a specific cable. The cables included in the
building consist of the cables from the main boards to the sub-panels on each floor, in addition to the
interconnecting cables between the mainboards, as well as the interconnecting cables between the
main boards and the main feeders of the building. The specification of each cable was fixed in the
properties as shown in Fig. 8.

Figure 8. Telephone and Electrical cables and panels.

7.6. Plumping Design

In the same manner, a local file will be created from the center file to complete the plumping design.
The plumping components are not included in the 2D CAD drawings because they used to perform the
plumping works based on the description of the item in the bill of quantities only, while the electrical
drawings made in 2D CAD as in architectural and structural aspects. Therefore, the researcher
represented the plumping items in the drawings based on the requirements of the requesting body and
the description of this item in the bill of quantity. The roots of the sewage drains, cold and hot water
pipes were identified in all stories of the building, as well as the plumbing fixtures, which consist of
western and eastern toilets, heaters, water tanks in above the building, pipefittings and manholes. Then
after complete the plumping design, the model was synchronized to the central file to show all the
architectural, structural, plumping design in one model. Fig. 9 shows the design of the plumping works
in the 3D model.

Figure 9. The plumping works.

This teamwork in the design phase was done through the work-sharing feature in Revit 2019 that
allowed all team members to communicate and collaborate by exchanging information and

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

synchronizing each work to the central model. Therefore, the communication was open between all
parties and mutual trust in addition to mutual understanding and a high degree of coordination
between them that led to the completion of the design of the building in all its domains. This means
that several IPD requirements have been achieved, which are (Collaboration during all phases of the
project, Mutual understanding concerning each other’s objectives, Open communication among
parties, Mutual trust among the parties).

7.7. Clash Detection

One of the most important features of the BIM methodology is identified of all clashes in the design
phase, where a conflict is identified between any two items in the design phase that can lead to project
delay or increases the cost during the construction. Clash detection leads to preventing rework during
construction, which saves large amounts of money in addition to reducing the schedule and preventing
many problems in the construction phase. Revit provides this feature but the researcher has chosen the
(Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2019) to implement the clash detective as it has better features than
Revit in the detection of clashes, it provides a detailed photo-enhanced report for each conflict.
After the coordination of all domains of the building in one 3D model, the researcher starts to export
the model to Autodesk Navisworks through (Add-Ins) tab and save the file in the computer as (nwc)
then open Autodesk Naviswork and open the saved file. The clashes were initially identified between
the plumping and beams, as well as the clashes between the conduits and structural framing, and the
electrical work with architectural and structural design, so that there were no clashes between them as
shown in Fig. 10. Regarding the clashes between the pipes with walls and between the structural
framing with walls, the results showed that there are 45 and 29 clashes, respectively. The most of the
pipes and walls clashes are considered acceptable, as most pipes works pass through walls, and this is
what is implemented in projects, so all the clashes were approved except three of them that were
resolved because the pipes were outside the boundaries of the wall as shown in Fig. 11. While all the
clashes between the structural framing and walls were approved because they overlap simply so as not
to cause delay or rework, where most of them overlap with upturned bridges.

Figure 10. Results of clash detection for some items.

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

Figure 11. The view of a clash for pipes and walls clashes detection.

Using BIM methodology in the design phase has immediate and clear benefits. This methodology
requires the collaboration to obtain the benefits of this technique for all participants, which enhances
mutual trust, exchanging of information and open communication. Therefore, most of the
requirements and principles of IPD method have been achieved, so BIM technology can be considered
as the appropriate technology because it catalyzes the processes of the IPD method, and thus fulfills
one of the principles and requirements of IPD method ( appropriate technology).

7.8. Achievement of IPD Benefits

BIM is the only tool that can facilitate the work of more than one participant in the same project model
and can make all members of the project teamwork on the same model. This helps to enhance
cooperation between all participants, enable them to arrange meetings based on this model, prevent
duplication of information, and complete the work faster as well as prevent any collision in the
building design. This means obtaining high-quality building, which leads to reducing project costs and
waste, as well as improving contract documents to exclude the use of the requests for information
(RFIs) and change orders then the cost of the building and the scheduling can be accurately estimated.
These gained benefits from using BIM are fully agreed with the benefits of the IPD method that is
(Arrange collaborative meetings based on a shared model and a virtual reality application, get better
quality of design, with less waste, shorter timelines, decrease the construction costs, interference and
collision detection, improved contract documentation to eliminate using RFIs and Change Orders,
improved preconstruction estimating, procurement, expediting and scheduling, faster and more
effective processes through sharing and reusing information).

8. Conclusions and Recommendations

The construction industry needs to adopt new technology and delivery systems that differ from
traditional methods if they want to overcome all obstacles in traditional systems to reduce costs, time,
and waste and thus increase productivity. IPD method provides a collaborative environment not
provided by the traditional approaches of delivery by involving all the main parties from the early
stages of the project and cooperation during all stages and open communication and mutual trust
between the parties in addition to effective coordination. BIM is a suitable technical tool that needs a
collaborative environment to obtain the highest benefits. Therefore, it has achieved many requirements
and benefits of IPD when used together. Also, the benefits of IPD have been achieved when using
BIM methodology so BIM is the appropriate technology to be used with the IPD method to improve

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International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 901 (2020) 012033 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012033

the performance of construction projects. Adopting the use of IPD method in the public sector (as a
philosophy), which means adopting this method through its principles because of the difficulty of
creating a contract among all parties, will help in providing better and faster building in the future. As
well as encourage using the IPD method with BIM to obtain the greatest benefit for BIM and helps to
providing faster and excellent buildings.

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[4] R. Anderson, An Introduction to the IPD Workflow for Vectorworks BIM Users, Nemetschek,
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