A

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“MOSQUITO REPELLENT CIRCUIT”

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Requirement for the Award of Degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

of

MIT ART, DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY,

MIT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,

LONI-KALBHOR, PUNE

Submitted By

Bharat Thakkar (2184014) MITU18BTEC0048

Darsh Kapoor (2184017) MITU18BTEC0029
Dinesh Panicker (2184018) MITU18BTEC0041
Under the Guidance of

PROF. LALIT KUMAR

[Assistant Professor]

MIT Art Design & Technology University MIT School of Engineering

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

2019-2020
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled, “MOSQUITO REPELLENT CIRCUIT”
submitted by Bharat Thakkar(2184014), Darsh Kapoor(2184017) and Dinesh
Panicker(2184018), is a bonafide work carried out by these students of Electronics &
Communication Engineering under the guidance of Prof. Lalit Kumar at MIT Art, Design and
Technology University, MIT School of Engineering, Loni, Pune during academic year
2019-20. It has been accepted and approved for the partial fulfilment of the requirement of
MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Loni-Kalbhor, Pune for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology, Electronics & Communication Engineering. This work and
project report has not been earlier submitted to any other institute or University for the award
of any degree or diploma.

Prof. Lalit Kumar Prof. (Dr.) V.V Shete Prof.(Dr.) Kishore

Ravande
Guide Head Principal
Department of ECE Department of ECE MIT SOE, Loni, Pune

Prof.

External Examiner

Place: Pune

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Getting a project done reflects the proverbial saying “Success is a marathon and not a sprint”.
Dedication and perseverance when supported by inspiration and guidance leads to success.
We’re highly indebted to Prof. Lalit Kumar for their guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in
completing the Mini Project work. In true sense it was privilege for us to have him as our
guide and we felt highly honoured working under him .Prof. (Dr.) V.V Shete, Head, Dept. of
Electronics & Communication Engineering, has been a constant source of inspiration to us.
Both are responsible for giving us the confidence and courage throughout execution.

We do not have words to express our sincere thanks to Prof. (Dr.) Kishore Ravande,
Principal-MIT School of Engineering for their constant support and encouragement
throughout the Mini Project work.

We also acknowledge the help of family, friends and all those who have encouraged and
helped us directly or indirectly with our work but whose contribution we may have failed to
mention inadvertently.

Bharat Thakkar (2184014)

Darsh Kapoor (2184017)

Dinesh Panicker (2184018)

 LIST OF FIGURES
Sr.No Name of Figure Page No
Figure 1 Mosquito Repellent Circuit 4

Figure 2 Pin Diagram of IC 555 5

Figure 3 Block Diagram of Mosquito Repellent Circuit 7

Figure 4 Simulation of Mosquito Repellent Circuit 16

Figure 5 Output of Mosquito Repellent Circuit 17

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................

MIT School of Engineering, Department of ECE

LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................

ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................

1.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT....................................................................................................2

LITERATURE SURVEY AND CIRCUIT STUDY............................................................................3

2.1 Literature review-.........................................................................................................3

2.2 Circuit Study-...............................................................................................................3

2.2.1 Circuit Details-.......................................................................................................3

2.2.2 Timer circuit-...........................................................................................................4

2.3 Circuit Description-..........................................................................................................5

Figure:2 Pin Diagram of IC555.....................................................................................5

3 DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT & DRAWING................................................................................7

3.1 Circuit Operation…………………………………………………………………….7

3.2 Selection of Components……………………………………………………………..8

3.3 CALCULATIONS-............................................................................................................13

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS................................................................................................14

4.1 MULTISIM SIMULATION RESULTS:.................................................................................15

4.2 DISCUSSION –................................................................................................................16

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE...................................................................................17

5.1 CONCLUSION -..............................................................................................................17

REFRENCES -.......................................................................................................................18

ABSTRACT
Control of mosquitoes is something of utmost importance in the present day with rising
number of mosquito borne illnesses. Specialty products like mosquito repellent used to

MIT School of Engineering, Department of ECE

combat mosquitoes are required. This project proposal presents the design and testing of an
electronic mosquito repellent. The project is aimed at developing a device that is capable of
emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequencies. These frequencies do affect the auditory
senses of pests such as mosquitoes, rodents, avian and nocturnal insects by making them
uncomfortable in their abode. However, these frequencies do not affect the hearing ability of
humans. This electronic mosquito repellent is based on the 555 timer IC is a simple and
useful mosquito repellent. A mosquito repellent circuit generates an ultrasonic sound with a
high output frequency 20- 38 kHz that allows the spreading of mosquitoes within a wide
radius. The circuit is quite simple and it requires only a few external components. The
oscillation frequency is given by the value of the resistor and a capacitor component.

MIT School of Engineering, Department of ECE

Chapter 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Human Beings can hear sound in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Sounds of frequency
above 20 kHz is termed as ultrasonic sound. Several animals like cats, dogs, insects and
mosquitoes have the feature of hearing this ultrasonic sound. In mosquitoes, this feature is
attributed to the presence of sensory structures in their antennae. Usually ultrasound is transmitted
by male mosquitoes and received by female mosquitoes. However, after breeding, female
mosquitoes generally avoid the ultrasound and this fact can be used to produce ultrasound
frequency in a range similar to that produced by male mosquitoes and repel away the mosquitoes.
The ultrasound produces a stress on the antenna of the mosquitoes and repels them away. In other
words, a simple circuit is designed which can produce ultrasound in the frequency range of 20 kHz
to 38 kHz, which can scare away mosquitoes.

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Chapter 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 Mosquito repellents like coils, mats, liquid vaporisers, creams are often used at
various places. However, they are prone to be fatal and can cause harm to human
beings. For instance, mosquito repellent creams and oils can cause adverse effects on
the skin like allergic reactions. Coils and mats can produce toxic fumes when heated
and cause breathing trouble, whereas liquid vaporisers can also produce fumes when
heated.

 To overcome the harm caused by the mosquito repellents like coils, liquids on our
body.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY AND CIRCUIT

STUDY

2.1Literature review-

 A test conducted in Canada proved that DEET(N-N diethyl-3-methylbenzamide)

proved to provide maximum protection against mosquitoes than Avon skin lotion
and other mixture chemicals

 But the drawbacks of it were, it was limited to particular time, chemicals proved
harmful for small children and some lotions caused skin irritations to some people

 Mosquito Repellent using a Frequency Generator Circuit overcomes all these

drawbacks and provide hazzle free protection from mosquitos.

2.2Circuit Study-

2.2.1 Circuit Details-

The basic idea behind developing the circuit is to use a buzzer to produce ultrasound. The
buzzer is driven by an oscillator circuit. Here, we are using a 555 Timer based astable
multivibrator circuit as the oscillator circuit. Designing the circuit involves designing an
astable multivibrator circuit. Generally, frequency of output signal produced by a 555 astable
multivibrator is given by:F = 1.44/ ((Ra+Rb*2)*C)

.Here (fig 1.) Ra is the value of resistor between pin 7 capacitor between pin 6 and ground.
Let C = 0.01 microfarad, F = 38 kHz. Let Duty Cycle, D = 60% (It is not possible to get 555
timers to produce signal with 50% duty cycle. This gives, Ra = 1.44(2D-1)/ (F*C)And
Rb=1.44(1-D)/ (F*C)Substituting values of C, F and D, we get Ra = 0.758 K Ohms, i.e. 758
Ohms and Rb = 1.52 K Ohms. Thus, we can use a resistor of 760 Ohms and another resistor
of 1.5 K. Here a potentiometer of 1 K is used and Vcc, Rb is value of resistor between pins 7
and 6 and C is value of capacitance between pin 2 and the ground(GND)

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Chapter 2

Figure 1. Mosquito Repellent Circuit

2.2.2 Timer circuit-

The most common form of Astable multivibrator (fig 2.) is 555 Timer IC. It is basically an 8
pin IC. Pin1 – Ground pin, which is directly connected to the negative terminal of the battery.
Pin2-Trigger Pin. It is an active low pin. The timer is triggered when signal at this pin is less
than one third of supply voltage. For astable operation this pin is connected directly to pin
no.6. Pin 3 – It is the output pin. Pin 4 – It is the reset pin. It is an active low pin. It is usually
connected to positive rail of the battery. Pin 5 – It is the control pin and is seldom used. For
safety purpose, this pin is connected to ground through a 0.01microFarad ceramic capacitor.
Pin 6 – It is the threshold pin. The timer output is back to its stable state when voltage at this
pin is greater than or equal to two-third of supply voltage. For astable operation, this pin is
shorted to pin 2 and connected to pin 7 using a resistor. Pin 7 – It is the discharge pin and
provides the discharge path for the capacitor.

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Chapter 2

2.3Circuit Description-
A Multivibrator is an electronic circuit which is used to generate a pulsed output signal. Usually,
Multivibrators are classified into different types based on the stability of the output. Here the common form
of a stable Multivibrator is 555 Timer IC, which is used in this electronic mosquito repellent circuit, and it
consists of 8 pins. Astable Multivibrator can be used as an oscillator and it doesn’t require external
triggering.

Figure:2 Pin Diagram of NE555

The 555 timer pin description is described below:

 Pin1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

 Pin2 is a triggered active low pin, which is directly connected to the pin6 for astable
operation.

 Pin3 is an output pin.

 Pin4 is a reset pin, which is an active low pin directly connected to the positive terminal of the
battery.

 Pin5 is the control pin connected to the ground through a microfarad capacitor.

 Pin6 is the threshold pin that is shorted to pin2 and connected to pin7 using a resistor for
astable operation.

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Chapter 2

 Pin7 is the discharge pin that provides a discharge path for the capacitor.

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Chapter 3

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT & DRAWINGS

DESIGN AND SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

The block diagram of the mosquito repellent circuit is given below:

Figure:3 Block Diagram

3.1 CIRCUIT OPERATION-

Once the switch is closed, the 555 timer gets the power supply. As per the inner circuit,
initially the capacitor voltage will be zero and hence voltage at threshold and trigger pin will
be zero. As the capacitor charges through resistors Ra and Rb at a certain point voltage at
threshold pin is less than the capacitor voltage. This causes a change in timer output. The
capacitor now starts discharging through resistor Rb, i.e. the discharge pin and continues so
until the output voltage is back to the original. Thus the output signal is an oscillating signal

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Chapter 3

with frequency 38 KHz. The output from this astable multivibrator circuit drives a 38 KHz
piezo buzzer, producing ultrasound at regular repetitions. On varying the value of
potentiometer, the output frequency can also be varied.

3.2 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS-

3.2.1 Auto Transformer –

The autotransformer has many uses and applications including the starting of induction

motors, used to regulate the voltage of transmission lines, and can be used to transform
voltages when the primary to secondary ratio is close to unity.

3.2.2 Step Down Transformer-

A step-down transformer is used to provide this low voltage value which is suitable for
electronics supplying. It transforms home voltage (230/120 V) from primary to a low voltage
on the secondary side which is used for the electronic supplying. If electronic devices are

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Chapter 3

designed to have higher nominal power, transformers with high operating frequency are used
(kHz-s). The transformers with higher nominal power value and 50/60 Hz nominal frequency
would be too large and heavy. Also, the daily used battery chargers use the step-down
transformer in its design.

The step-down transformers have a very important function in power system. They lower the
voltage level and adapt it for energy consumers.

3.2.3 Diodes–

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one

direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and
high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a
vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in
only one direction, from cathode to plate.

A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece

of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals.
Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of
asymmetric electrical conduction across the contact between a crystalline mineral and a metal
was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. Today, most diodes are made
of silicon, but other materials such as gallium arsenide and germanium are also used. Diodes
that used for Bridge Rectifier Circuit are 1N4007.

3.2.4 Capacitors –

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Chapter 3

In the power supply circuit capacitors have two different roles:

a. Filter Capacitor-

In power supplies, capacitors are used to smooth (filter) the pulsating DC output after
rectification so that a nearly constant DC voltage is supplied to the load. The pulsating output
of the rectifiers has an average DC value and an AC portion that is called ripple voltage.
Filter capacitors reduce the amount of ripple voltage to a level that is acceptable. It should be
noted that resistors and inductors can be combined with the capacitors to form filter
networks. In a filter circuit the capacitor is charged to the peak of the rectified input voltage
during the positive portion of the input. When the input goes negative, the capacitor begins to
discharge into the load. The rate of discharge is determined by the RC time constant formed
by the capacitor and the load's resistance.

b. A 0.01 uF capacitor is connected between the IC and the ground doesn’t show any erratic
changes after supply is ON.

3.2.5 Voltage Regulator IC (LM7809) – 7809 Voltage Regulator is a type of self-

contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuit. The IC belongs to 78xx voltage
regulator family which is commonly used as the regulated power supply in electronic circuits
The IC 7809 is not as popular as IC 7805. The 7809 voltage regulator IC is ease-of-use and
available in very low cost.

The last two digits of 7809 indicates the output voltage that is voltage. The 7809 regulator
line is a positive voltage regulator that is the 7809 voltage regulator IC generate the voltage
which is positive with respect to the common ground.

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Chapter 3

3.2.6 Potentiometer–

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an

adjustable voltage divider.[1] If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as
a variable resistor or rheostat.

The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for

measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same
principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices
such as volume controls on audio equipment.

3.2.7 NE555 (Timer IC):

The LM555/NE555/SA555 is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate timing

pulses. With a monostable operation, the time delay is controlled by one external resistor and
one capacitor.

With an astable operation, the frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled by two
external resistors and one capacitor.

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Chapter 3

3.2.8 Buzzer-

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. Buzzer is
an integrated structure of electronic transducers, dc power supply, widely used in computers,
printers, copiers, alarms, electronic toys, automotive electronic equipment, telephones, timers
and other electronic products for sound devices.

Active buzzer 5v rated power can be directly connected to a continuous sound, this
section dedicated sensor expansion module and the board in combination, can
complete a simple circuit design, to "plug and play." specifications: • on-board
passive buzzer • on-board 8550 triode drive • can control with single-chip
microcontroller io directly • working voltage: 5v • board size: 22 (mm) x12 (mm)

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Chapter 3

3.3 CALCULATIONS-

F=1.44/((Ra+Rb)*2*C) …(1)

Where Ra = 760 ohm

Rb =1.52 kohm

Rc= 0.01 uF

Substituting the values in (1)

F=1.44/((0.76k + 1.52K) * 2 * 0.01 * 10^-6)

F=1.44 * 10^6/(0.0452*10^-3)

F=1.44* 10^3/(0.0452)

F=31.85 kHz

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Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Multisim Simulation Results:

F
igure : 4 Simulation of Mosquito Repellent Circuit

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Chapter 4

4.2 Output Results

The output frequency is detected by a mobile application called Spectroid

Figure:5 Output of Mosquito Repellent Circuit

OBSERVED FREQUENCY CALCULATED FREQUENCY

31.85kHz <25kHz

DISCUSSION –

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Chapter 4

Human generations are able to hear frequency which has a range from 20Hz to 20 KHz. All
the rest of the frequency above this is considered as a ultrasonic frequency. Many animals
and insects are able to hear this range of frequency. Usually in mosquitoes ultra sound is
generated by the male ones and female one receives that one. While after breeding female
mosquito mainly used to avoid this frequency. And this circuit produces the same frequency
as the male one generates, and these creates a stress on the antennae of the mosquito and
these keep them away. Basic principal of this circuit is to connect a such type of buzzer
which can produce ultrasonic frequency range. With the help of oscillator in the circuit,
buzzer is driven. And in the circuit oscillation is generated by 555 timer which is linked as a
astable multivibrator. The circuit is connected in the closed mode and thus power is received
by the 555 timer. In the starting stage voltage in the capacitor is zero volts. So, the voltage at
the threshold `as well trigger pin is at zero volts. Now the capacitor starts charging via a
resistor R1 and R2. There, will be one point when the voltage of capacitor will be higher as
compared to threshold voltage. At this stage capacitor starts discharging with the help of
resistor R2, which is a discharging pin and it keeps of going downward till it reaches to its
original state. Thus the signal at the output pin of IC will be an oscillating signal having 38
KHz frequency. With the help of pin 3 of IC which is out pin of IC 38 KHz frequency drives
to 38 KHz piezo buzzer. This buzzer will produce ultrasound at a regular intervals.

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Chapter 5

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 CONCLUSION -

However, the project is still not reach full complete functions as it can be improved. There
are many ways to improve the circuit of which includes:

 To put sensor and led lights in the circuit to detect mosquitoes so that we will be able to
know when there are mosquitoes all around us. It is also able to prove that this circuit works
well because if the LED light does not work that means the area is safe from the mosquitoes.

 In addition, we can use direct current and the battery charger circuit. Thus, this circuit can
operate during blacks out because usually mosquitoes are attracted to dark places.

 Next, we can improve by enlarging the field to repel mosquitoes so we can use a circuit
covering a large area. 

REFRENCES
ONLINE REFERENCE:

https://www.electronicshub.org/electronic-mosquito-repellent-circuit/

PATENT REFERENCE:

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Chapter 5

DATASHEETS:

 NE555:

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Chapter 5

 BUZZER:

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Chapter 5

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