Oral Communication

Module 1

Topic: Functions, Nature and Process of

Communication

Level: Grade 11                       Quarter: 1st           Week: 1

Teacher: Sir Jesary Marc Arnosa

Let’s Begin
This module was designed and written within you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature, process and function of communication. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The e
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain the nature and process of communication

 understand the relationship of the functions of communication to

everyday life

 distinguish the unique features of one communication of one

communication process from the other

Let’s Try This

Read each statement carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper.

1. It is the idea being transmitted by the sender to the receiver. It includes

three aspects — content, structure, and style.

A. channel C. message
B. feedback D. sender

2. It is the response or reaction given by the receiver to the sender of the

message.
A. channel C. message
B. feedback D. sender

3. It is a situation where a communication takes place.

A. Both sender and receiver need to exchange messages.
B. The receiver interprets the message.
C. The sender recognizes the communication style of the other.
D. The sender translates the message into a perceivable form.

4. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through speech,

signal, writing, or behaviour.
A. channel C. language
B. communication D. message

5. This is the group of basic elements of communication.

1. source
2. destination
3. medium
4. language

A. 1234 C. 2 and 3 only

B. 123 only D. 1 and 2 only 3

6. It is characterized by being a “selective” listener.

A. Tom asks questions to seek greater understanding.

B. Rina changes the subject from time to time.
C. Jay displays an blank look.
D. Ana gives feedback to acknowledge the speaker’s emotion.

7. The most effective form of communication is always through words.

A. Yes, because through words we are allowed to explain ourselves.

B. Yes, because there are always words to express what we want to say.
C. No, because words can be abused by people and can cause hurt or
confusion.
D. No, because words can inhibit people from saying/declaring the truth.

8. It is defined as any communication that uses spoken or written words to

convey a message.

A. non-verbal communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication
9. It is a type of communication that does NOT use words in expressing a
message.
A. non-verbal communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication

10. It is the nature of communication.

1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between two or more people.
3. Communication can be expressed through words or actions.
4. Communication portrays sympathy.

A. 1234 C. 2 and 3 only

B. 123 only D. 1 and 2 only

 Answer Key:

1. C 6. A
2. A 7. A
3. B 8. B
  
4. B 9. A
5. B 10. B

Let’s Have Fun

Video Quescussion
  Based on the video, formulate questions related to your observation
and insight. Share it to the class and have them answered by your
classmates as well.

Let’s Learn

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or

information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts,
media, and cultures (McCornack, 2014). There is a wide variety of contexts and
situations in which communication can be manifested; it can be a face-to-face
interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a meeting or interview, a
letter correspondence, a class recitation, and many others.

Nature of Communication

1. Communication is a process.

2. Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the
receiver).

3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions

(nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

Elements of Communication

Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand its

mechanics or process. These elements are the following:

1. Speaker – the source of information or message

2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in

words or in actions

3. Encoding – the process of converting the message into words, actions, or

other forms that the speaker understands

4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal,

verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed

5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker

by the receiver

6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the

message
7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

8. Context – the environment where communication takes place

9. Barrier – the factors that affect the flow of communication

Function of Communication

Since communication is certain in our lives, it comes naturally and

unknowingly. Communication serves many purposes. The following are some of
the many reasons why we communicate:

Inform Inspire Counsel Sell Clarify Question Express Promote Buy

Understand Confirm Advise Teach Learn Persuade Reveal Accept Affirm
Clarify Motivate Criticize Deny Conceal And many others…

From the above words, we realize that communication serves many purposes.
Whether we are at home, in school, at work, or at play, we engage in
communication.

Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are control, social
interaction, motivation, emotional expression, and information dissemination.

1. Control – Communication functions to control behavior.

2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to interact with

others.

3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.

4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression of

their feelings and

emotions.

5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to convey

information.

Models of Communication

1. Shannon-Weaver Model

Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-Weaver

model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting
of five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter (encoder of
message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a receiver
(decoder of message from the signal); and a destination. This model, however,
has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication
process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the
receiver understands the message or not.

2. Transaction Model
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one
element.

This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange on messages

between communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also
shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
 Let’s Go Deeper

A. Reach item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to

your answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information as by speech,

signals, writing or behaviour.
A. communication C. language
B. feedback D. message

2. These are considered forms of communication.

1. talking clearly
2. chewing gum
3. sending emails
4. looking bored

A. 1234 C. 342 only

B. 134 only D. 1 only

3. This body language shows that one is listening.

A. nodding and making eye contact
B. looking out of the window
C. turning away from the speaker
D. whistling while biting nails

4. It is the sender of the message.

A. barrier C. receiver
B. originator D. sender

5. It is a good indication that good communication occurs.

A. destructed C. unreceived
B. confused D. shared

6. It is shown when there is an understanding in the communication.

A. Each gets a chance to be the sender and the receiver.
B. Each party is able to provide feedback.
C. Each party is able to say what they want to without the other person
interrupting.
D. Each party has different languages.

7. It is the content of the communication.

A. jargon C. message
B. media D. noise
 8. This communication type is characterized by a certain look or gaze.
A. non-verbal Communication
B. oral Communication
C. verbal Communication
D. written Communication

9. It is the definition of communication.

1. Communication involves a transaction.
2. Communication is sharing of ideas among a group of people.
3. Communication is a confusion of ideas in the mind of the other.
4. Communication is a transfer of messages from one person to another.

A. 1234
B. 234 only
C. 124 only
D. 4 only

10. This is the BEST way to continue communication.

A. active listening
B. asking questions
C. not interrupting
D. making good eye contact

B. Identify the function of communication in each of the following situations.

Write your answers on the space provided.

__________1. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her

students.
__________2. Ross greets Rachel; then, they start talking about their plans for
the holidays.
__________3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a
complicated life.
__________4. Monica shares her personal frustrations with Chandler.
__________5. The geometry teacher lectures about mathematical concepts.

C. : Draw the five communicative models properly and write a description in

each model.

1. Shannon-Weaver Model (Draw it inside the box). Do not forget to write

your description. (5 points)
 2. The Transactional Model (Draw it inside the box). Do not forget to write
your description. (5 points)

 Answer Key:
A. B. C.
1. A 6. A 11. Control 1-2. Answer may vary
2. B 7. C 12. Social Interaction
3. A 8. A 13. Motivation
4. D 9. A 14. Emotional Expression
5. D 10. B 15. Information Dissemination

Let’s Wrap Up

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or

information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts,
media, and cultures (McCornack, 2014).. 

Nature of Communication

1. Communication is a process.

2. Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the
receiver).

3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions

(nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

Elements of Communication

1. Speaker – the source of information or message

2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in
words or in actions

3. Encoding – the process of converting the message into words, actions, or

other forms that the speaker understands

4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal,

verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed

5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker

by the receiver

6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the

message

7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

Function of Communication

1. Control – Communication functions to control behavior.

2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to interact with

others.

3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.

4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression of

their feelings and emotions.

5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to convey

information.

Models of Communication

1. Shannon-Weaver Model - communication as a linear or one-way process

consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter
(encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission);
a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a destination.

2. Transaction Model

This model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange on messages

between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
 Let’s Connect

Analyze and compare the two videos. Take note of the elements and nature
of communication. Share your insights orally.

Let’s Do This
Bring Me. Look for one object around your house that reminds you of any of
the topic below. Share its relation to one another in the class. Be as creative as
possible. Consider the nature and process of communication. Be guided by the
rubric below.

Choose one topic that might interest you:

1. Fake News

2. ECQ/MECQ/GCQ

3. Use of Technology in Online Communication

4. Gulayan sa Tahanan

5. Essential Needs vs. Non-Essential Needs

6. Others
Scoring Rubric:

Point Value 3 points 2 points 1 point

Content/ The speaker clearly The speaker The output

Elements applied the clearly has no clear
concepts of nature partially connection of
and processes of applied the the concepts
communication. concepts of of nature and
nature and processes of
processes of communicatio
communicatio n. 
n. 

Coherence The script or The script or There is no

dialogue has clear dialogue coherence in
and concise partly gives the script or
message. clear message dialogue at
all.

Relevance The speaker clearly The speaker The speaker

talks about the partly talks has no clear
topic chosen. about the discussion of
chosen topic. the chosen
topic.
 Let’s Enhance

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST

NAME:__________________________________ SECTION:___________
MOVIE TITLE:__________________________ GENRE:_____________
DIRECTOR:_____________________________

DIRECTIONS: Watch any Hollywood or English movie. Take note of the five
functions of communication exhibited in the movie. Use the observation
checklist below to identify particular verbal and nonverbal cues present for
each function. Check the items below whether the verbal/nonverbal cues are
observable or not. Put remarks/comments as to why a certain cue becomes not
observable.

FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION OBSERVABLE NOT REMARKS

OBSERVABLE

I. REGULATION/CONTROL
a. VERBAL CUES
1. Gives commands

2. Uses requests (Please, May I,

Kindly)
3. Uses directives

4. Dictates rules/regulations

5. Speaks foul words

b. NONVERBAL CUES
1. Speaks in an authoritative tone
2. Has direct eye contact

3. Establishes pointing of finger

4. Has intimidating body language

(E.g. arms are crossed)
II. SOCIAL INTERACTION
a. VERBAL CUES
1. Uses informal terms (E.g. slang,
gay lingo)
2. Delivers casual words (Hey,
Dude, Bro, Wazz up)
3. Greets people (Hi, Hello, Good
Morning, How’s your day)
4. Exchanges ideas spontaneously
5. Speaks foul words

b. NONVERBAL CUES
1. Speaks in a friendly tone

2. Maintains eye contact

3. Establishes relaxed body actions

4. Has employed careful hand
gestures because of the
participation of peers with
different cultures
5. Renders appropriate facial
expression (E.g. smiling)

III. MOTIVATION
a. VERBAL CUES
1. Talks direct to the point

2. Speaks purposeful words

3. Uses persuasive expressions

(E.g. “Personally, I have found
[this concept] to be true, “I can
tell you from experience that [this
product] is of excellent quality.”

b. NONVERBAL CUES
1. Speaks in a calm, relaxed tone
2. Maintains eye contact

3. Establishes relaxed body actions

4. Shows emphatic gestures (E.g.
Hands are raised to stress ideas
clearly)
5. Renders appropriate facial
expression (E.g. smiling,
nodding)

IV. INFORMATION
a. VERBAL CUES
1. Speaks using simple words for
general audience to understand
2. Provides facts (E.g. statistics)

3. Cites particular source (E.g.

website/person/author)
4. Has used carefully chosen words
for multicultural understanding

b. NONVERBAL CUES
1. Speaks in a compelling tone

2. Maintains eye contact

3. Establishes relaxed body actions

4. Has used hand gestures like
pointing, raising hands for
emphasis
5. Attention is focused on the
audience

V. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
a. VERBAL CUES
1. Uses sympathetic words (E.g.
With love and hugs, With thought
of peace and courage)
2. Speaks dramatically

3. Uses foul words to express

distress
4. Talks slowly and sometimes
stutters due to intense emotions

b. NONVERBAL CUES
1. Speaks in a poignant tone
2. Maintains eye contact
3. Demonstrates sympathetic hand
 gesture (E.g. holding hand,
hugging warmly)
4. Renders appropriate facial
expression (E.g. crying, shouting,
moaning)

OBSERVATION ANALYSIS
Write your observation analysis. Minimum of 250 words must be
observed. If words have exceed, use another sheet of paper.

Webliography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDkxsNmKDGk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlRNQ6ACx24&t=3s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cl8rmk-bt-M&t=29s

Bibliography
Cipacio & Balgos (2016) Oral Communication in Context For Senior High
School. C & E Publishing, Inc.

Other Reference(s)
Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 –
Module 1: Functions, Nature and Process of Communication First Edition,
2020

Prepared and Submitted by:

Jesary Marc D. Arnosa
English Teacher

Checked by:

Ms. Ma. Teresa M. Bayot

Asst. Coordinator in English and TLE/EPP