Introduction to

Solid Elements

Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software

Tel: (662) 524-6416, Email: [email protected] Web site: www.acecoms.ait.asia

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 Element Types

Structures

Solid/Brick
Area/Surface
Line

Dimensional Hierarchy of Structural Members

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 Element Types
1) Line Elements : Truss and Beam Elements (1D, 2D, 3D)

2) Surface Elements : Plane Stress, Plane Strain, Plate and

Shell Elements (2D, 3D)

3) Solid Elements (3D)

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 Element Types

Truss Frame Shell Solid

2 Nodes 2 Nodes 3 & 4 Nodes 8 Nodes

DOF: DOF: DOF: DOF:
3 Translations 3 Translations 3 Translations 3 Translations
3 Rotations 3 Rotations

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 Applications of Solid Elements

(a) Undeformed shape

Dam

(b) Dead load and prestressing force

Foundations for Prestressed

Vibrating Machine Beam (c) All appiled loads

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 Applications of Solid Elements

Frame element Shell element Solid element

Frame element :
• Frame elements cannot provide the local deformation of the bridge cross section.

Shell element :
• Shell element cannot model the geometry of bridge cross section exactly.

Solid element :
• Solid element can model the geometry of bridge cross section exactly.

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 Applications of Solid Elements

Seismic behaviour of rocking bridge pier supported by elastomeric pads on pile foundation,
Rajesh R. Rele et al., 2019

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 Validation Example
P = 100 KN

B
1m
∆
10 m
1m

E = 27,540 MPa A = 1.0 m2 1 1

I = bh3 = (1)(1)3 = 0.08333 m4
12 12
G = 11, 475 MPa 5
Av = (1.0) = 0.8333 m2
 = 0.2 L = 10 m 6

PL3 PL (100)(10)3 (100)(10)

B = + = + = 0.0146 m.
3EI GAv 3(27,540 10 )(0.08333) (11, 475 10 )(0.8333)
3 3
Deflection
A
Mc (100 10)(0.5)
A = = = 6, 000 KN / m 2
I 0.08333
Stress
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 Validation Example
Solid Properties

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 Validation Example
1) Draw reference points 2) Draw reference area 3) Extrude area to solid

1m

1m

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 Validation Example
Standard View Extrude View

1m

1m

Shell Thickness = 1 m

1m

Shell Thickness = 1 m

1m
Frame Rectangular
section = 1x1 m2 10 m

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 Validation Example
Section Cut Plane
A
Section Cut
Left Right
Section Cut Force for Left L Element
Element
Side of Plane
ƩFX-Left = - FXA-Left - FXB-Left B
ƩFZ-Left = - FZA-Left - FZB-Left
ƩMLeft = (FXA-Left x L/2) – (FXB-Left x L/2)

FZA-Left FZA-Right
FXA-Left
FXA-Right A
A
L/2
Left Center of Section Cut Right
Z Element Element
L/2 FZB-Left FZB-Right
B B
FXB-Left FXB-Right
X
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 Validation Example

2 Select element and

nodes

1
2

Define Group Define Section Cut

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 Validation Example
Solid 25 25
Types Point
Fixed 4 3
Support
25
1 u1, u2, u3 25
2 u1, u3 2
Solid 1
3 u1 50
50
4 u1
u1, u2, u3 Shell
1
Shell r2 (Horizontal)
(Horizontal)
2
u1, u2, u3 50
2
r2 1
50
u1, u2, u3
1
Shell r3
(Vertical) u1, u2 Shell
2 100
r3 (Vertical)
u1, u2, u3
Frame 1 2
r1, r2, r3

1 Poisson’s effect
z (u3,r3)
y x (u1,r1) Frame
(u2,r2) 1 Fixed

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 Validation Example
Solid

Shell (Horizontal) Types Deflection (m)

Solid 0.0146

Shell (Horizontal) 0.0145

Shell (Vertical) Shell (Vertical) 0.0144

Frame 0.0146

Exact Solution 0.0146

Frame

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 Validation Example

z
y

x S11
Global Coordinate
1 Local Coordinate Stress Components

S11

3
2 1 1
z
y x
Local Coordinate
Global Coordinate

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 Validation Example
Show Force/Stress

S11

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 Validation Example
Stress Result P = 100 KN
Plane-A Plane-C
M A = 1,000 KN − m M C = 900 KN − m
 A = 6,000 KN / m2  C = 5, 400 KN / m2

z (3)
Types Stress, S11 (KN/m2)
Solid 5,700
y x (1)
(2) Exact Solution 6,000

  +    6, 000 + 5, 400 
 = A B =  = 5, 700 KN / m
2

F3  2   2 
M2
Section Cut Result

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 Example: Box Girder
8150 8150

2700

Cross Section

45000

Span

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 Example: Box Girder

1) Draw cross section using frame element 2) Draw area using shell element

3) Extrude area to solid element

x
z

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 Example: Box Girder

3D View

1) Assign supports
2) Assign loads
3) Assign section Cuts
P P

Section Cut 1 Section Cut 2 Section Cut 3

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 Example: Box Girder

Dead Load: Stress (S11) plus deformation

Live Load: Stress (S11) plus deformation

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 THANK YOU

Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software

Tel: (662) 524-6416, Email: [email protected] Web site: www.acecoms.ait.asia

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