Comprehensive Exam in LNU

Advance methodology
1. In a tabular form, give the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research (20pts)

BASIS FOR QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

COMPARISON RESEARCH RESEARCH

Meaning Qualitative research is a Quantitative research is a

method of inquiry that research method that is used
develops understanding on to generate numerical data
human and social sciences, to and hard facts, by employing
find the way people think and statistical, logical and
feel. mathematical technique.

Nature Holistic Particularistic

Approach Subjective Objective

Research type Exploratory Conclusive

Reasoning Inductive Deductive

Sampling Purposive Random

Data Verbal Measurable

Inquiry Process-oriented Result-oriented

Hypothesis Generated Tested

Elements of analysis Words, pictures and objects Numerical data

Objective To explore and discover ideas To examine cause and effect

used in the ongoing relationship between
processes. variables.

Methods Non-structured techniques Structured techniques such as

like In-depth interviews, surveys, questionnaires and
group discussions etc. observations.

Result Develops initial Recommends final course of

understanding action
2. What do you think is the greatest strength and the greatest weakness of the following methods
(20pts).

- Quantitative research
Quantitive data are pieces of information that can be counted and which are usually gathered by
surveys from large numbers of respondents randomly selected for inclusion. Secondary data such as census
data, government statistics, health system metrics, etc. are often included in quantitative research. Quantitative
data is analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative approaches are best used to answer what, when and
who questions and are not well suited to how and why questions.

The strengths of a quantitative research are findings can be generalized if selection process is well-
designed and sample is representative of study population. Also it is relatively easy to analyze and data can be
very consistent, precise and reliable. However related secondary data is sometimes not available or accessing
available data is difficult/impossible. Moreover, It is difficult to understand context of a phenomenon and data
may not be robust enough to explain complex issues.

- Qualitative research
Qualitative data are usually gathered by observation, interviews or focus groups, but may also be
gathered from written documents and through case studies.  In qualitative research there is less emphasis
on counting numbers of people who think or behave in certain ways and more emphasis
on explaining why people think and behave in certain ways.  Participants in qualitative studies often involve
smaller numbers of tools include and utilizes open-ended questionnaires interview guides.  This type of
research is best used to answer how and why questions and is not well suited to generalizable what, when and
who questions.

The strengths of qualitative is it complement and refine quantitative data. Also it provide more
detailed information to explain complex issues and data collection is usually cost efficient. Another is
multiple methods for gathering data is possible on sensitive subjects. However findings usually cannot be
generated to the study population or community. Also it is more difficult to analyze; don’t fit neatly in
standard categories and data collection is usually time consuming.

3. Which of the research design might be the easiest to use? Hardest? Explain why? (20pts)

Ideally, you should choose your research method based on the goal of your research rather than how easy it is

to conduct the experiments. As you would know, quantitative research examines numerical data and

qualitative research looks at non-numerical data. Quantitative research is better suited for certain types of

fields and research questions and qualitative research for others. In some cases, you may even choose to have a

mixed methodology, which incorporates elements of both quantitative and qualitative research.

Also, both may have their own challenges. For instance, a particular quantitative experiment may involve

gathering and analyzing large datasets, which can take time to obtain. On the other hand, it may not always be

easy to accurately study, analyze, and interpret non-numerical data. Based on the problem you are studying,

you may also need ethical approvals for the experiments, which too can take considerable time to get.

4. How will you identify your source of data and justify your choice? (20pts)

5. Why should research consider ethics in the conduct of research? (20pts)

Doctor of Education
 1. Explain the relevance or implications of the following theories of learning to the Philippine
education.

a. Idealism

b. Realism

c. Pragmatism

d. Progressivism

Legal Bases of Education/Educational Legislation

1. State and explain at least 5 aims of education found in the 1987 constitution and Batas pambansa
232.

2. How are our aims of education related to the contents of every subject offered in our curriculum?

3. State and explain the vision, mission and values and objectives of the Lyceum Northwest University.

Current Issues, Problems and trends in education

Part 1. Briefly state the content of the following and discuss your stand on them.

1. DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2012 “ Guidance on the Implementation of the Mother
Tongue-Based-Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE)

2. Executive Order No. 210, s. 2013 – “Establishing the policy to strengthen the use of
English language as a medium of Instruction in the Educational System”

3. Division Memorandum No. 34, s. 2018 – “Administration of English Proficiency Test

(EPT) for Teacher Applicant

Part 2. Identify the most prevalent problem and/or issues in language teaching within
your respective schools then propose an action plan that will best address that concern. Involve
learning trends and modern technologies. Use this format
Project Rationale Objective Propose activity Event Committees Budget Time Frame Expected output
tittle &Participants Requirements
Project Develop and Making of Teacher MOOE Year Readily
Abellen utilize varied instructional round Available
Project aims to teaching materials instructional
Abelle address strategies to during SLAC materials
n the enhance
prevalent learning
problem teaching
and process
issues in Improve Attend Teacher MOOE Anytime Competent
teaching teacher training and of the teacher
MTB- competencie seminars, year
MLE s in teaching INSET and
 MTB-MLE SLAC in
teaching the
MTB-MLE
subjects
Reduce the Conduct Pupils, MOOE Quarterl Reduce
number of reading Teachers y Number of
pupils in the remediation Pupils in
frustration to struggling Frustration
Level learners by Level
advisers
Develop good Little Pupils, MOOE Daily Pupils who
reading habit teacher Teachers love reading
esp. in Aeta strategy aeta abellen
Abellen (Immediate literature
Literature grade
among paired to
learners primary
grade

ADVANCE EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS/STATISTICS IN EDUCATION

A. Answer the following

1. Indicate the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) required in each

a) Plate Number Ordinal

b) Gender Nominal
c) Class Rank Ordinal
d) Birth Order Ordinal
e) Educational Attainment Ordinal
f) How satisfied are you in work Nominal
g) Temperature Ratio
h) Weight Ratio
i) Level of safety practices Nominal

B. T-Test Independent or T-Test Correlated? Identify which is to be used in each study.

1. In a trial of new drug, an experiment wants to determine whether the newly formulated drug is
better than the current drug.

 T-test Independent

2. An experiment is conducted to determine whether consumers find a difference in the taste

between coke and diet coke.

 T-test correlation

3. The manager of two grocery stores in two different places wants to find out which of the stores has
a larger number of consumers purchasing to credit cards.

 T-test independent
4. An experiment comparing the man effectiveness of two methods of psychotherapy.

 T-test correlation

5. A study comparing a drug with a placebo on the amount of pain relief

 T-test correlation

6. Suppose the researcher wishes to determine if there is a significant difference on the weight of
grouper cultured in fish cages using bread mill and fish meal as supplement feeds. The specific
research question is “is there a significant difference on the weight increment of grouper cultured in
fish cages using a bread meal and fish meal as supplementary feeds?

 T-test correlation

C. Answer the following

1. The Department of Agriculture obtained the following data representing the one week growth in
centimeters of 20 newly planted corn plants.

2.7 3.5 3.9 0.8 1.1

3.6 2.2 2.4 2.4 1.2
3.9 2.4 4.0 4.2 3.7
3.9 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.4

Calculate and interpret the mean, median and mode

Mean = 2.79

Median = 2.7

Mode = 2.4

Both the mean of 2.79 and median of 2.7 indicate where the center of the data is
located, and what the typical growth in centimeters of the 20 newly planted corn
seed. Thus, the typical growth in centimeter of 20 newly planted corn plants is about
2.7. The data also shows that the most frequent growth of corns is about 2.4.

2. The computed T-Test value is 2.064 with df 24. The T-Test tabular value (two-tailed) is 2.064 at 0.05
level with of 24.

a. Is the computed t-test value significant or not? Why?

b. Do you accept/reject the null hypothesis? Why?

C. Identify if the hypothesis will be rejected or accepted.

1. t=2.683; t-crit.05=3.014 Accepted

2. t=2.891; t-crit.05=2.914 Accepted
3. t=1.233 t-crit.05=1.233 Rejected
4. t=3.075 t-crit.05=2.911 Rejected
5. t=2.807; t-crit.05=2.450 Rejected