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CH 1 Science Class 8th Notes

Used for cutting the crop after it is fully grown. Thresher: Used for separating grains from the stalks after harvesting. Winnowing Fan: Used for separating grains from husk by blowing air. Storage Bins: Used for storing grains after harvesting and winnowing.

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CH 1 Science Class 8th Notes

Used for cutting the crop after it is fully grown. Thresher: Used for separating grains from the stalks after harvesting. Winnowing Fan: Used for separating grains from husk by blowing air. Storage Bins: Used for storing grains after harvesting and winnowing.

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CBSE Class 8 Science Notes Chapter 1

Crop Production and Management


We already know that:

 All living organisms require food.


 The energy from food is utilized by an organism for
carrying out its various life processes such as digestion,
respiration and excretion.
 Plants can make their food themselves but animals
including humans cannot.
 We get our food from plants or animals, or both.

In our country three categories of crops are grown:

 Kharif Crops: The crops which are grown in the rainy


season (i.e., from June to September) are called Kharif
crops. Paddy, maize, soybean, groundnut, and cotton are
Kharif crops.
 Rabi Crops: The crops are grown in the winter season
(i.e., from October to March) are called rabi crops.
Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard,
and linseed.
 Zaid Crops (or Summer Crops): The crops grown in the
summer season are ( called zaid crops. Moong,
muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, gourd and bitter
gourd are examples of zaid crops.
Cultivation of crops involves the following activities:

 Soil Preparation: It involves loosening and tilling of the


soil (i.e., ploughing and watering).
 Sowing: Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the
soil.
 Adding Manure and Fertilisers: The substances, which
are added to the soil in the form of nutrients to improve
the production of the crops and fertility of the soil are
called manure and fertilisers.
 Irrigation: Supply of water to crops at appropriate
intervals is called irrigation.
 Protection from Weeds: Weeds are the unwanted plants
that grow along with the crops. Its removal is a must for
the better growth of the crops. These can be controlled
by spraying certain chemicals, called weedicides, like 2,
4-D.
 Harvesting: The cutting of the crop after it is mature is
called harvesting.
 Storage: If the crop grains are to be kept for a longer
time, they should be safe from moisture, insects and
rats.

Humus: Humus is the top layer of the soil formed by decaying or


decomposition of organic matters like animal remains, shed
leaves, the dung of cattle.

Pests: Pests are the insects or rodents that destroy’much of our


crop yield. Thus, it is necessary to save crops from pests.
Important agricultural tools:
Plough: This is used for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to the
crop, removing the weeds, scraping of soil, etc. This implement is
made of wood and drawn by a pair of bulls.

Hoe: It is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.
Cultivator: Used for ploughing. It is driven by a tractor. Use of
cultivator saves labour and time.

Traditional Tool: The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is


shaped like a funnel.

Seed Drill: Used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool
shows the seeds uniformly at a proper distance and depth.
Sickle: Used for manual harvesting.

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