International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, February-2017 79

ISSN 2229-5518

SPARSH
Transfer of data through Human Body
Akshada Langi, Kiran Jadhav,SwethaJampana, Shilpi Karn,Prof. Rama Rao

Abstract— Human area network is a novel data transmission method that uses the human body as an electrical channel. The idea is
driven by the vision of a cable-free secure data transmission system. The human body is characterized as a transmission medium for
electrical currents by means of the dielectric properties. This paper describes a data transmission technology that enables communication
by touching, a technology we call SPARSH. Short circuiting of wires has become a very critical problem hence more Wireless techniques
are being developed. Here we use the property of a User Identifier and User Distinguisher. This approach imposes severe limits on the
data rate, but the rate is sufficient to transfer limited data through the body.

Index Terms— Communication through touch, Human area network, Sparsh, Short-range data transfer, User identification, User
distinguisher, Wireless communication,Wirelessmedium to transfer data,

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1 INTRODUCTION

D important role in various areas of applications such as in

the monitoring of health, sharing of personal information,
security authentication and medical information systems.
Human body can be represented with an electrical

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circuit because tissues are made of cells and human body
consists of cells. In human body, there is presence of iron,
calcium etc. which are conductive in nature so as the
current is passed through the body so the signal also can be
transmitted through the body. This paper describes the
model of human networking technology that enables
communication by touching.Data from circuitry of one
device is transferred to metal pad and via body it is
transmitted another device.
Technologies enabling communication between people
and devices in close proximity are required for all modern-
day user friendly gadgets. Communication between two
people or communication between a person and a device
through touch is the unique. A transmission path is formed
automatically when a person with a transmitter section
encounters a device or another person with the receiver
section. In this paper, we present a capacitive
communication method through which a mere touch will
transfer data included in Identification proofs like Aadhar
card, ATM number and PIN, Medical history and status of
the patient.

2 DESCRIPTION
2.1 Block diagram

Fig 1. Block Diagram

ata communication through human body is a combination
of hardware and software protocol. Wireless body area 2.2 Methodology
networks around the human body are expected to play an The complete development of this system can be divided
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, February-2017 80
ISSN 2229-5518

into the following stages: This time we tested our project for actual working, after
1. Problem definition stage loading the software into the microcontroller. Any errors
2. Designing block diagram found were removed successfully. This is the last and final
3. Implementing circuits and components stage of development of our project.
4. Developing algorithm for software
5. Writing actual code for Micro-controller
6. Compiling the code
3 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
7. Burning the hex file into micro-controller with
programmer
8. Testing and Running

Problem definition stage

This is the very first stage to develop any project. It defines
the aim and the concept of the project.

Designing block diagram

At this stage, we have categorized the whole system into
different individual modules. These modules (block
diagrams,eg.Fig 1.) will clarify the concept and working of
the integrated system. It also simplifies the entire
debugging and testing process.

Implementing circuits and components

This is the actual implementation of circuit of each block.

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At this stage, we have designed each block separately and
finally integrated them into the complete working system.

Developing algorithm for software

To get the logical flow of the software, the development of
algorithm is having a prominent role. So, that we have
analyzed the complete system and organized the algorithm
in such a manner that one can understand the complete
working of the software.

Writing actual code for Micro-controller.

After the development of the algorithm and flowchart we
have used BASCOM AVR, a very powerful and easy-to-use
compiler for Atmega 16L Micro controller so that it can
understand the instructions and run as per our
requirement.

Compiling the code

The code is implemented on the computer for which we
have used BASCOM AVR. Anybody with some basic
knowledge of C can write a successful program using
BASCOM, as most of its functions and its statement
structure is like those in C.
After removing of several compiling errors the program
was converted into machine language i.e. Intel hex format.

Burning the hex file into microcontroller with

Programmer
In this stage the compiled hex format file was burned into
Atmega 16L flash Microcontroller.The best thing about
BASCOM AVR is that it can directly burn any flash file into
a micro controller using just four wires connected to your
computer’s parallel port.

Testing and Running

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, February-2017 81
ISSN 2229-5518

Fig 3a Transmitter Flow Chart Fig 3b Receiver Flow Chart

4 RESULT
When the touch pad comes in contact with the body it
transmits data via one body to another body which further
receives the data through a receiver touch pad.
The information is processed by the controller, it mainly
checks the conditions i.e. whether it is the authenticated
user or not and provides permission only to the correct
user.
In the medical application of the project it gives
information of the temperature and the diseases of the
patient. The device is unique to the particular user.

CONCLUSION
The performance of the device developed is better as
compared to other technologies. There is no problem of
hacking in this method as our body itself is the
transmission media. This approach imposes severe limits
on the data rate, but the rate is sufficient for the transfer of

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the limited data through the body.
The evolution of SPARSH is a big achievement, which is
likely to be targeted for use in applications such as that for
Medical, Security, User Identification.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude
and deep regards to our guide Prof.Rama Rao for his
exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this project work.
We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of
gratitude to Dr. Saurabh Mehta, HOD of Electronics and
Telecommunication Department for his cordial support,
valuable information and guidance, which helped using
completing this task through various stages.
We are obliged to staff members of Vidyalankar Institute
of Technology, for the valuable information provided by
them in their respective fields. We are grateful for their
cooperation during the period of our project work.
Lastly, we thank almighty, our parents, our family and
friends for their constant encouragement.

REFERENCES
[1] Near field communications forum. http://www.nfc-
forum.org/, 2011.

[2] A. Adler. Vulnerabilities in biometric encryption

systems. In Proc. of AVBPA, 2005.

[3] Afg3000 series arbitrary function generators.

http://www.tek.com/AFG3000.

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[4] Amplifier transistors bc548b. http://onsemi.com.

[5] D. Balfanz, D. K. Smetters, P. Stewart, and H. C. Wong.

Talking to strangers: Authentication in ad-hoc wireless
networks. In Proc. of NDSS, Feb. 2002.

[6] Scribd (2010) “Human Area Networks- Red Tacton”.

[7] Namjun Cho, Jerald Yoo, Seong-Jun Song, Jeabin Lee,

Seonghyun Jeon, and Hoi-Jun Yoo, “The Human Body
Characteristics as a Signal Transmission Medium for
Intrabody Communication,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 55,
NO. 5, MAY 2007.

[8] Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear

Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Page:342,
417, 455.

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• Akshada Langiis currently pursuing B.E. degree program in Electronics and
Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Vidyalankar Marg,
Wadala (East), Mumbai - 400 037
• Kiran Jadhavis currently pursuing B.E. degree program in Electronics and
Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Vidyalankar Marg,
Wadala (East), Mumbai - 400 037
• SwethaJampanais currently pursuing B.E. degree program in Electronics and
Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Vidyalankar Marg,
Wadala (East), Mumbai - 400 037
• Shilpi Karnis currently pursuing B.E. degree program in Electronics and
Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Vidyalankar Marg,
Wadala (East), Mumbai - 400 037
• Rama Raois currently Professor in Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Vidyalankar Marg,
Wadala (East), Mumbai - 400 037

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