PUNE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

DHANKAWADI, PUNE – 43

CLASS : F.E(COMMON) SUBJECT : BXE

EXPT. NO. : 2 DATE :10/06/2021

TITLE : STUDY OF DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS
Name: Manish Raut
Batch: B4
Roll No.: 10430

OBJECTIVE :
a. To study different controls of DMM & measurement of Parameters like
AC & DC voltage, current, Resistance, checking of diode, BJT etc.
b. To study controls of CRO, measurement of frequency, AC, DC
voltages also obtain the phase shift between to signals using CRO with
the help of Lissajous pattern.
c. To study various controls of signal generator.

APPARATUS : 1. Digital multimeter with probes

2. Sample resistor, diode, transistor
3. Signal generator
4. CRO with probes

Instructions to perform Simulation on Tinkercad:

1. Open https://www.tinkercad.com/
2. Create account or sign in using your email id.
 3. Go to --- Circuits.

4. Click on—Create New Circuit.

5. Explore Function Generator and Oscilloscope from components and drag
them to design the circuit.
6. Connect Function Generator to Oscilloscope and click on Start
Simulation.

Lab Observation Record:

Plot the waveforms of given frequency and amplitude and paste the
screenshot of Tinkercad simulation.
1. Sine Wave
Frequency: 1000 Hz
Amplitude: 5 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations:

Frequency:-
Time per division= 0.1ms
No. of horizontal divisions=10
Time period= (10 divisions) *(0.1ms/division)
T=1000ms

f=1/T
frequency=1000Hz
Amplitude:- No. of vertical divisions=5
Volt per division=1 A= ( 1 div)*(5 V/div)
Amplitude=5 Volt

2. Sine Wave
Frequency: 2000 Hz
Amplitude: 4 V
Offset: 2 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
 Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations:
Frequency:-

Time per division = 0.1ms

Horizontal divisions = 5
Time period = (5 divisions)*(0.1ms/div) = 0.5ms
Frequency = 1/Time period =1/0.5
frequency = 2000Hz

Amplitude Volt per division= 1

No. of vertical divisions = 4 A = (4 div)*(1 V/div)
Amplitude = 4 Volts

3. Square Wave
Frequency: 500 Hz
Amplitude: 6 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations:
Frequency :-
Time per division = 0.5 ms

No. of horizontal divisions = 4

Time period = (4 div) * (0.5 ms/div)
T = 2ms
Frequency = 1/Time period
F = 1/2ms Frequency = 500 Hz

Amplitude Volt per division = 1 V

No of vertical divisions = 6 A = (6 div )*(1 V/div)
Amplitude = 6 Volts

4. Square Wave
Frequency: 700 Hz
Amplitude: 6 V
Offset: 3 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
 Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations:
Frequency :-
Time per division = 0.7ms

No. of horizontal divisions =1

Time period = (1 div)*(0.7ms/div)
T=0.7ms
Frequency = 1/Time period
F=1/0.7ms

Frequency = 700Hz
Amplitude Volt per division = 1
No.of vertical divisions = 6
Amplitude = (6 div) *(1 V/div)
A = 6 Volts

5. Triangular Wave
Frequency: 900 Hz
Amplitude: 7 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
 Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations:
Frequency:-
Time per division = 0.5 ms
No. of horizontal divisions = 2.2
Time period = (2.2 div) *(0.5ms)

T=1.1 ms Frequency = 1/Time period

F = 900Hz
Amplitude Volt per division = 1
Volt No. of vertical divisions = 7
Amplitude = (7 div) *(1 V/div)

Amplitude = 7 Volts

6. Triangular Wave
Frequency: 400 Hz
Amplitude: 5 V
Offset: 5 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:
Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:
(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

Calculations :
Frequency :-
Time per division= 1ms

No. of horizontal divisions= 2.5

Time period = (2.5 div) *(1 ms/div)
Time period = 2.5 ms
Frequency = 1/time period
F= 1/(2.5)ms

Frequency = 400 Hz
Amplitude Volt per division = 2 Volt
No. of vertical division = 2.5
Amplitude = (2.5 div) *(2 V/div)
Amplitude = 5 Volts

Conclusion:
In this experiment we came to know about the working and application of Digital
multimeter (DMM) along with their application for resistors and Transistors. Cathode ray
Oscilloscope (CRO) and its use to amplitude, time, Frequency, phase, current, by divisions
method. Signal generator use and its Working to generate the sine, square, triangular
wave. And its Combination With CRO and function generator to calculate various
parameters of wave

Assignment Questions:
1. An oscilloscope is connected to a battery of unknown voltage. The result is a
straight line on the display:
 Assuming the oscilloscope display has been properly “zeroed” and the
vertical sensitivity is set to 5 volts per division, determine the voltage of the
battery.

Answer: no. of divisions till peak = 1 division +2 sub-divisions

= 1 division + 2*0.2 divisions
= 1.4 divisions Voltage
= (1.4 divisions) * (5 volts/divisions)
∴ Voltage = 7 volts So voltage of battery is 7 volts

2. A technician prepares to use an oscilloscope to display an AC voltage signal.

After turning the oscilloscope on and connecting the Y input probe to the
signal source test points, this display appears:

What display control(s) need to be adjusted on the oscilloscope to show fewer

cycles of this signal on the screen, with a greater height (amplitude)?

Answer: 1) to show fewer cycles on the screen the time/divisionsshould be

decreased .
2) to increase the height i.e. amplitude of voltage the
voltage/divisions should be increased

3. Assuming the vertical sensitivity control is set to 0.5 volts per division, and
the timebase control is set to 2.5 ms per division, calculate the amplitude of
this sine wave (in volts peak, volts peak-to-peak, and volts RMS) as well as
its frequency.
 Answer: No of divisions occupied from negative peak to positive peak= 8 divisionsVoltage

per division = 0.5 volts/division

So peak to peak voltage (Vpp) = (8 divisions)*(0.5 volts/division)

∴ Vpp = 4 voltsAlso ,

Vp = Vpp/2

∴ VP = 2 Volts Also

, Vrms = 0.707Vp

∴ Vrms = 1.414 Volts

No of divisions occupied in one

Complete Time period = 10 divisions

Time per division = 2.5 ms/divisions

Time period (T) = (10 divisions)*(2.5ms/divisions)

∴T = 25 ms

Also Frequency(f) = 1/T

∴ f = 40 Hz
4. Assuming the vertical sensitivity control is set to 2 volts per division, and the
timebase control is set to 10 μs per division, calculate the amplitude of this
“sawtooth” wave (in volts peak and volts peak-to-peak) as well as its
frequency.

Answer:
No of divisions of occupied from positive to negative peak = 8 divisions

Voltage per division = 2 volts/division

Peak to peak voltage Vpp = (8 divisions)*( 2 Volts/division)

∴ Vpp = 16 Volts

Also peak voltage Vp =Vpp/2

∴ VP =8 volts

No. of divisions in one complete time period = 15 divisions Time/division

= 10 µs/division

Time period (T) = (15 divisions)*(10 µs/division)

∴ T = 150 µs

Frequency f = 1/T

∴ F =6666.67 Hz
5. A technician prepares to use an oscilloscope to display an AC voltage
signal. After turning the oscilloscope on and connecting the Y input probe
to the signal source test points, this display appears:

What appears on the oscilloscope screen is a vertical line that moves

slowly from left to right. What display control(s) need to be adjusted on
the oscilloscope to show a normal-looking wave on the screen?

Answer: As the wave appears to be in a straight line and it means

that thetime/division knob is set to zero because of which the wave
is not spread in the horizontal direction as the divisions are zero in
that direction. So the time/division must be increased or decreased
to obtainthe normal looking wave