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Binary Stars: Sumit Singh M.Sc-Physics Shri Guru Ram Rai P.G. College Dehradun (Uttarakhand)

1) Binary stars are pairs of stars that orbit each other around their common center of gravity. 2) There are three main classes of binary stars: visual binaries where both stars can be seen, spectroscopic binaries where the binary nature is revealed through spectral analysis, and eclipsing binaries where one star periodically blocks the other like a solar eclipse. 3) By deriving equations that relate the orbital motion parameters like period and radii to the masses, the individual masses of the stars in a binary system can be determined using their orbital properties.

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Sumit Rawat
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64 views

Binary Stars: Sumit Singh M.Sc-Physics Shri Guru Ram Rai P.G. College Dehradun (Uttarakhand)

1) Binary stars are pairs of stars that orbit each other around their common center of gravity. 2) There are three main classes of binary stars: visual binaries where both stars can be seen, spectroscopic binaries where the binary nature is revealed through spectral analysis, and eclipsing binaries where one star periodically blocks the other like a solar eclipse. 3) By deriving equations that relate the orbital motion parameters like period and radii to the masses, the individual masses of the stars in a binary system can be determined using their orbital properties.

Uploaded by

Sumit Rawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BINARY STARS

SUMIT SINGH M.Sc- PHYSICS


SHRI GURU RAM RAI P.G. COLLEGE DEHRADUN
(UTTARAKHAND)
PROJECT OVERVIEW

OBJECT- HOW TO FIGURE OUT THE MASS OF A STAR ?

Introduction to binary stars

Classes

Orbital motion of binary stars system

Deriving equations for mass of a binary star


Conclusion
The real binary stars system is pair of NOT TO BE
star which physically orbits each other CONFUSED WITH
around their common centre of DOUBLE STAR
gravity.

INTRODUCTION
Sometimes two stars actually at a
great distance from each other are
linked up by chance so that they
appear as a close system like double
stars.But these stars are not
gravitationally bound.
rA M
A
Barycenter

rB
MB
CLASSES
BINARY
STARS

If two stars can be seen separately using a telescope they are


VISUAL BINARY called visual binary.

SPECTROSCOPI The binary character of spectroscopic binary can be revealed


C BINARY through spectroscopic analysis only.

ECLIPSING
An eclipsing binary is a special type of spectroscopic binary.one
BINARY star blocks another like solar eclipse when moon blocks the sun.
VISUAL BINARY

THE TWO STARS IN A VISUAL BINARY SYSTEM ARE


REVOLVING ABOUT THEIR COMMON CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
SIRIUS

SIRIUS IN SPACE BY HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

BY X-RAY TELESCOPE
SPECTROSCOPIC
binary

WE CAN NOT SEE THAT MOTION DIRECTLY . IF


WE TAKE SPECTRA OF THEIR LIGHTS BREAKING
IT UP INTO INDIVIDIUAL NARROW COLORS , WE
CAN SEE THE DOPPLER SHIFT IN THEIR SPECTRA.
MIZER AND ALCOR

THEY WERE
ACTUALLY USED
AS AN EYE TEST
IN ANCIENT
TIMES.

THESE TWO STARS ARE WIDELY SEPERATED FROM ONE ANOTHER AND CAN BE
DETECTED THROUGH TELESCOPE. ONE CALLED MIZER AND A FAINTER ONE CALLED
ALCOR.
ECLIPSING INTERESTING!
AS ONE STAR BLOCKS ANOTHER , JUST LIKE
BINARY IN A SOLAR ECLIPSE WHEN MOON BLOCKS
THE SUN
DERIVING EQUATIONS FOR MASS OF
BINARY SYSTEM

rA M
A
Barycenter

rB
MB

r = rA + rB
M = MA+MB
MA rA = MB rB
The barycenter or centre of mass of the system is where:
mArA = mBrB (Equation 5.1)
and as r =rA + rB (5.2)
then rB = r - rA
so mArA = mB(r - rA)
∴ rA = mBr/(mA + mB)
or rA = mBr/M (5.3) where M is the total system mass.
The forces acting on each star are balanced, that is the gravitational
force equals the centripetal force so;
FG = FC or
GmAmB/r2 = mAv2/rA (5.4)
where v is the orbital speed of A.
Unless v can be measured or inferred directly from Doppler shift in its
spectrum it must be calculated from the period, T:
v = 2πrA/T
so substituting this into (5.4) gives:
GmB/r2 = 4π2rA/T2so if we then substitute in (5.3) we get: 2
r 3 4π
GmB/r = 4π mBr/T M or:
2 2 2
mA + mB = T2 G
M = 4π r /GT (5.5)
2 3 2
M(r - rA)
which can be rewritten as: mA =
m + m = 4π2r3/GT2 (5.6) r
The study of
binary stars has
been of great
importance in
the progress of
ThankYou
Conclusion

astronomy . The
knowledge of
their orbital Sumit Singh
motion M.sc. 1st semester
combined with
Kepler’s third law
S.G.R.R. P.G. College Dehradun
enabled us to
determine the
masses of stars
which could not
be estimated
previously.

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