EE-336

EXPERIMENT 7

Single-BJT Amplifiers at Low and High

Frequencies

Name:………………………………………………………………………………….

Surname: ……………………………………….…………………………………

Student ID:…………………………………….....................................................

Section:.........................................................................................................................

Date:.................................................................................................................................

OBJECTIVE:
Exploring the behavior of capacitor-coupled BJT amplifiers at low-frequencies, and
examining the high-frequency behavior of the BJT itself in a simple circuit.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY-2020
PROCEDURE

Figure 1. 2N2222 BJT Pin Configuration

1. The Basic Common-Emitter (CE) Circuit

E1.1 The DC Situation:

Figure 2. A Basic CE BJT Amplifier.

VS VB VE VC IE IC

……. ……. ……. ……. ……. …….

IB β α re rπ gm

……. ……. ……. ……. ……. …….

Table 1. DC values for CE BJT amplifier circuit.

 Construct the circuit shown in Figure 2 at LTSpice. Make sure that you use 2N2222
models which is available in LTSpice libraries. With input (node I) grounded, probe
the DC voltages at nodes S, B, E and C. Use these values to calculate bias currents, β,
α, re, rπ and gm. We will assume VA to be very large, as it normally is, and ignore ro as
a consequence.

E1.2 Mid-Band Response:

For the circuit in Figure 2, apply a sine-wave signal of 1 Vpp at 1 kHz to node I. Probe
peak-to-peak voltages at nodes S, B, E, C, D using transient simulation results.

υs υb υe υc υd

……. ……. ……. ……. …….

Table 2. Peak-to-peak values for CE BJT amplifier circuit.

2. Low Frequency Response

E2.1 Basic Overall Response:
Use the same circuit as E.1.2 (Figure 2), with a sine-wave signal of 1 Vpp at 1 kHz at
node I. While probing the S and D nodes, lower the frequency slowly and note the
corresponding peak-to-peak voltages. After noting peak-to-peak values and the ratio of
these nodes, find the exact value at which the voltage gain at 1 kHz falls by 3dB.

υs υd υd/ υs

1 kHz
……. ……. …….
500 Hz
……. ……. …….
200 Hz
……. ……. …….
100 Hz fL
……. ……. ……. …….
50 Hz
……. ……. …….
20 Hz
……. ……. …….
10 Hz
……. ……. …….
5 Hz
……. ……. …….

Table 3. Peak-to-peak voltages for corresponding frequencies.

3. High Frequency Operation of the Common-Emitter (CE)
Amplifier
E3.1 Basic AC Measurements:

Figure 3. Modifications for high-frequency operation.

Assemble the circuit in Figure 3 with a 4 Vpp sine wave input at 10 kHz.

a) Probe the peak-to-peak voltages at nodes S, B and C.

b) Now, noting the signal at node C in particular, raise the frequency, until the voltage
at C falls by 3 dB, to 0.707 of its mid-band value. Note the frequency as f1.
c) Raise the frequency to 10f1, and measure the peak-to-peak voltages at nodes S, B
and C.
d) Now, connect another 10k resistor in parallel with RC, and proceed to find the
modified 3 dB frequency, f2.
 RC Input f υs υb υc

10 kHz 10 kHz
…… …… ……

10 kΩ f1
…… …… …… ……

10f1
…… …… …… ……

10 kHz 10 kHz
…… …… ……

5 kΩ f2
…… …… …… ……

10f2
…… …… …… ……

Table 4. Peak-to-peak values and gains for two cases.

REFERENCES
• Smith, K. C. and Sedra, A. S., Laboratory Explorations for Microelectronic Cirtuits, Oxford
University Press, 1998.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

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