BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City

Junior High School Department

School Year 2020-2021

HEALTH 7
LEARNING MODULE
Living Things and Their Environment

Week 23—18-22 January 2021

Week 22—11-15 January 2021

Prepared by:

RYAN A. BERSAMIN

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 Learning Module in Health 7

DATE TOPICS
Week 23 Lesson 5: Types and Management of Common Mental
18-22 January 2021 Disorders
Lesson 1: Introduction to Non-Communicable Diseases
Reference Book: Sumera, Pamela Rose S. et al., Living with
Music, Art, Physical Education, & Health 9, (VIBAL Group,
Inc., 2017), pages 309-316

Other References:
 https://www.healthyc45688777437894789479843
___________________________________________________________________________________
Most Essential Learning Competencies: At the end of this module, each learner
should be able to:
 Recognize the triggers and warning signs of common mental disorders.
 Discuss the types, sign, symptoms, and prevention, treatment and professional
care in managing common mental health disorders.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Values:
 Creativity and critical thinking in conducting an activity.
 Discipline in accomplishing this module and in following guide instructions.

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 Week 23
Lesson 5: Types and Management of Common
Mental Disorders
Mental illness, also called mental health disorders, refers to a
wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your
mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include
depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors.
Many people have mental health concerns from time to time. But a mental
health concern becomes a mental illness when ongoing signs and symptoms cause
frequent stress and affect your ability to function.
A mental illness can make you miserable and can cause problems in your daily
life, such as at school or work or in relationships. In most cases, symptoms can be
managed with a combination of medications and talk therapy (psychotherapy).

Let’s Warm Up!

Match the Name of a Phobic reaction (Column A) with the name of its
anxiety (Column B). write only the letter of your choice on the space provided.
Column A Column B
______1. Fear of fire A. Aerophobia
______2. Fear of water B. Agoraphobia
______3. Fear of spiders C. Algophobia
______4. Fear of flying D. Arachnophobia
______5. Fear of snakes E. Claustrophobia
______6. Fear of closed space F. Hematophobia
______7. Fear of germs G. Hydrophobia
______8. Fear of pain H. Microphobia
______9 Fear of darkness I. Ophidiophobia
______10. Fear of the sight of blood J. Pyrophobia

Let's Process!
Knowing your fears means knowing yourself. It is important that you know it
before it can ruin your life. Identifying these phobias will give you a better
understanding of the persons suffering from mental illness.
Earlier conception about health covers only to a person's physical appearance,
disregarding the social and mental side of well-being. Mental health is a significant
part of a person's health. If you are mentally sound, you can learn new skills and feel
good about yourself and your relationship to others.

Understanding Mental Illness

Mental illness is much like physical illness in that it has many forms. Unlike
physical illnesses, however, mental illnesses are often misunderstood, and many
people do not like to discuss them, or let alone be associated with any of them because
of the stigma that is usually attached to them.
Mental illness is a condition that affects the way the person thinks, perceives,
behaves, and relates to his or her surroundings. A mental illness can cause a person
to become depressed, miserable, and unable to function and do ordinary, everyday
activities such as going to school or interacting with people.
Depending on the type of disorder, the signs and symptoms of a mental illness
can vary. They can include the following:
 Confusion  Fixation on certain things or
 Inability to focus or coordinate people
 Paranoia  Hallucinations

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  Isolation  Excessive anger, violence, and
 Mood swings hostility
 Suicidal tendencies  Major changes in eating habits
 Extreme sadness and misery  Insomia
 Phobia

Causes and Risk Factors

There are many factors that can cause mental disorders. They are under any of
the following.
 Social and Environmental Stress
This refers to physical or mental burdens associated with the surroundings
of an individual. Anything or anyone that surrounds an individual is a factor
that influences his or her state of mind. Environmental factors such as air and
noise pollution, uncomfortable temperature (hot, humid, or cold) may cause
stress. Stressful events such as family problems, death of a loved one, financial
loses, and abuse or neglect may trigger an illness in a person who is susceptible
to one.
 Hereditary Factors
Certain types of mental disorders can be traced to genetics. People with a
mental illness, becomes more susceptible to developing one themselves.
 Physical Illness
Illness such as brain tumors or other brain injuries caused by trauma or
infection can bring about changes in one's personality and, in some cases,
trigger the onset of mental illness.
 Chemical Intake
Excessive and long-term substance abuse has been linked to certain
disorders such as paranoia and anxiety.

Common Types of Mental Illness

There are common types of mental illness that may be classified according to
their behavioral and psychological patterns.
Anxiety Disorders
 Anxiety Disorders are the most common type of mental illness. It is
characterized by extreme and prolonged feelings of fear and distress for no
apparent reason. This is different from the feeling of anxiety one gets before a
big event such as an exam, a basketball game, or going on your first date,
Anxiety disorders prevent a person from functioning properly and being
productive.
 Apart from feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness, people with anxiety disorders
also experience physical symptoms such as cold sweats, shortness of breath,
heart palpitations, headache, dizziness, and nausea.
The common kinds of anxiety disorders include:
 Panic disorder
This is characterized by panic attacks and sudden, repeated feelings of terror
over no particular reason.
 Phobia
A phobia is a condition in which the person feels intense and disabling fear
of something that poses little or no danger at all. There are many different
phobias, among the most common are arachnophobia, fear of spiders;
ophidiophobia, fear of snakes; aero- phobia, fear of heights; agora phobia, fear of
open, crowded places and claustrophobia, fear of small spaces. Social anxiety
Also called social phobia, this is a fear of social situations, characterized by
extreme worry of being in the company of people, especially unfamiliar ones.
 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
This is common among people who experienced a traumatic event such as
war, rape, abuse, or calamity of some sort. They experience nightmares, terror
attacks, and flashbacks of the event.

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Eating Disorders
This is characterized by extreme thoughts, emotions, and behavior towards food
and weight gain. The most common types of eating disorders are bulimia and anorexia
nervosa.

Mood Disorders
While everyone goes through highs and lows in life, people with mood disorders
experience extreme mood episodes over extended periods of time.
 Depression is the most common mood disorder, and depending on the severity,
can last for as short as two weeks to months and even years. Bi-polar disorder
is another type of mood disorder. It is a serious, debilitating disorder that causes
extreme unexpected mood swings. People with bipolar disorder experience
severe mania-a period of extremely elevated mood as to cause impairment in his
or her ability to function at home or in school.
Personality Disorder
This type of mental illness is characterized by unusual or non-standards
personality traits that make it difficult for a person to fit in because their thinking and
behavior patterns are different. Some examples follow.
 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is characterized by
excessive concern and preoccupation for orderliness, cleanliness, perfection, and
the need to be constantly in control of everything.
 Avoidant personality is an intense fear that is usually a result of earlier
painful experience that makes a person avoid all social contact because of low
self-esteem and fear of being rejected.
 Dependent personality arises when a person is very insecure that he is very
much afraid of making his own decisions on his or her own and becomes
dependent on somebody else.
 Histrionic personality comes with emotional outburst basically to draw
attention.
 Narcissistic personality is unproductive, arrogant, proud, and inconsiderate of
others that he or she believes that he or she is better off than others. Passive-
aggressive personality drastically changes a person's personality from being
forceful and frightened with people and events.
 Schizoid personality has a lack of interest in social interaction and
relationships so that the person prefers to live in isolation.
Psychotic Disorders
This type of illness affects an individual in such a way that his or her views,
sense of awareness, and way of thinking become highly distorted. He or she loses
touch with reality and perceives things and situations in a very different way from the
people around him or her.
 Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which a person may experience a split
or breakdown in logical thought process. A schizophrenic may appear desperate
and withdrawn into an inner world of fantasy They may also believe that they
are some great personality or may have delus10ns o somebody is after them or
wants to hurt them.

What to Do When You Feel Depressed

One or the things that trigger mental illness is depression. You can avoid
sinking into a depressed state by following the simple tips.
 Speak with somebody (a friend, parent, teacher, counselor, or mental specialist)
about how you feel
 Make a health journal (what you feel and how you feel) every day
 Plan your everyday activities and make sure that there are some fun things to do
 Make your "bucket list" and check items as you accomplish them
 Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses and review them

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  Engage in physical activities
 Dress neatly and feel good about yourself
 Eat healthy and balanced meals
 Get enough rest and sleep

In this module, you will

learn that there are diseases which
are not infectious. These are called
non-communicable diseases or
NCDs. Just like infections, non-
communicable diseases may be
experienced by a person more than
one time. Unlike infectious,
however, most non-communicable
diseases are lifestyle diseases.
They are not caused by exposure to
germs or bacteria but by lack of
exercise, poor diet, and bad habits
like smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
In the first part of this module, you will learn about the nature of non-
communicable diseases. As you continue to learn, you will be introduced to common
non-communicable diseases, their causes and effects, and the harm that they may
pose to your health. At the end of these modules, you will recognize the best and most
effective ways to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered a major public health
concern worldwide. They account for 60 percent of total deaths globally (with 40
million deaths estimated occurring annually), and contribute to 40 percent of
universal disease burden annually. It is projected that if no action is done in the
present, these rates would increase to as high as 73 percent to total deaths and 60
percent to disease burden respectively by 2020 (WHO, 2005). The rapidly increasing
burden of these diseases is affecting poor and disadvantaged populations
disproportionately, contributing to widening health gaps between and within
countries.
The prevalence of NCD continues to rise in the Philippines and promoting
healthy lifestyle is very much needed and relevant as ever. More than half (58%) of
total deaths in the country in 2003 alone were caused by NCDs. Diseases of the heart
and vascular system made up almost one-third (30.2%) of all deaths (Philippine Health
Statistics, 2003). Other NCDs in the top list include malignant neoplasm, chronic
obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and diabetes mellitus. NCDs have replaced the

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positions of infectious diseases particularly pneumonia and tuberculosis as top-most
common causes of deaths. Since the incidence of many NCDs can be reduced by
changes in individual lifestyles—cutting tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol,
unhealthy diets and physical inactivity—a focus on prevention is critical.

What are NCDs

Non-communicable diseases are a diverse group of chronic diseases that are not
communicable, meaning you can't catch them from another person. They are defined
as diseases of long duration, generally slow progression and they are the major cause
of adult mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Four main diseases are generally considered to be dominant in NCD mortality
and morbidity:
 Cardiovascular Diseases (including heart disease and stroke),
 Diabetes
 Cancer
 Chronic Respiratory Diseases (including chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma)
Risk Factors
A combination of genetic, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors can
cause these diseases. Below are examples of risk factors.

 Unhealthy diet. People who regularly consume food and drinks that are fatty
and contain too much sugary may be at risk of cardiovascular diseases and
diabetes.
 Lack of physical activity. People may develop non-communicable diseases if
they do not perform physical activities that may strengthen their body systems.
 Use of tobacco and other substances. Long-term use of tobacco and regular
intake of alcohol and drugs may lead to cancer or respiratory diseases.
Aside from the unhealthy practices, there are also other risk factors that affect a
person's susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. Amongst susceptibility to these
are the following:

 Aging. As people grow old, their body systems become weak and more prone to
developing diseases. If a person practice is unhealthy habits, as he or she ages,
or he or she may develop non-communicable diseases.
 Environmental Factors. Even if a person practices healthy habits, he or she
may still develop diseases because of poor environmental conditions. If a person
does not smoke but is exposed to an environment of smokers, he or she may
develop the same disease that the smokers will acquire.
 Hereditary Factors. There are some diseases that are passed on from one
generation to another. For example, cancer may be traced in the family's blood
line.

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 Pit Stop!
Make Meaning

Get to know the important terms that can help you better understand this
lesson. Write their meaning on the space provided.

Chronic

Hereditary

Cardiovascula
r

Respiratory

Risk Factor

Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:

_________________
Activity 1
NCDs and You!
COMPARE AND CONTRAST: Using a Venn diagram, write the similarities and
differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases. Below the Venn
diagram, identify three examples and a short description of infectious and
chronic diseases respectively. (10 points)

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 1. Why is it important to check on our lifestyle choices?

There are several positive lifestyle factors that can promote good health if
_______________________________________________________________
you want to live a long and healthy life. Certainly, you can't change your genes or
_______________________________________________________________
much of the environment around you, but making educated and intentional
_______________________________________________________________
choices when it comes to diet, activity, sleep, alcohol use, and smoking can reduce
your health risks and potentially add years to your life.
_______________________________________________________________
Week ##

 Activity:

Health Check!!!

Write a reflection on the things you’ve learned from this module and their
relevance to you. Tell how you can apply what you have learned in your daily life and
cite specific instances in which you feel these learnings will come handy.

_______________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Post-Test

Let’s Check What You’ve Learned!

############################################################
Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:
_________________
Activity 2
Stress Management
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Carefully read the following items and encircle the letter
of the best answer. (10 points)
1. Who is most likely to get a mental illness?
A. Poor, uneducated people.
B. Mental illness can affect anyone, regardless of intelligence, social class, or
income level.
C. People with stressful jobs.
D. All the other choices are incorrect.
2. A 17-year-old, female with anorexia nervosa has just been released from the
hospital. To facilitate recovery at home, the psychiatric and mental health nurse
instructs the family to:
A. Discourage the patient from sneaking food between meals, by unobtrusively
reducing her access to the kitchen.
B. Encourage the patient's interest in menu planning, food magazines, and
cooking lessons, by leaving information and materials around the house.
C. Inform the patient that she is expected to join in routine family meals and
clear the dishes after dinner, even if she does not eat.
D. Permit the patient to eat her meals privately in her bedroom to discourage
family preoccupation with meals.
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Habitual behavior patterns like over scheduling, procrastination, etc. can
cause negative stress
B. Thoughts like fear, worrying about future etc. can cause negative stress
C. Both ‘A’ & ‘B’ are true
D. None of the above
4. Which of the following are the physical symptoms of anxiety
A. Racing heart B. Sweaty palms
C. Flushed cheeks D. All of the above
5. After trying for several years to become pregnant, Eli and Jasmine recently found
out that they are going to have a baby. They are feeling which type of stress?
A. Strain B. Eustress
C. Anxiety D. Distress
6. Which of these symptoms can happen if you’re depressed?
A. Don’t feel hungry B. Hungry all the time
C: Always tired D. All of the above
7.

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 Health 7 Module 9 Answer Key

BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City
Junior High School Department
SY 2020-2021

Post-Test
I II
A B C D
1. TRUE
1. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]
2. TRUE
2. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
3. TRUE
3. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
4. FALSE
4. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
5. FALSE
5. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
6. FALSE
6. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
7. TRUE
7. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
8. TRUE
8. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]

9. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]

10. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]

11. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]

12. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]

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