Compi tion Operations

Completion Operations

Contents

Page:

SECTION A: OVERVIEW 2

SECTION B: INTRODUCTION TO WELL CONTROL 9

SECTION C: INTRODUCTION TO BARRIERS 22

SECTION D: TESTING ... 41

SECTION E: RISK MANAGEMENT 49

SECTION F: SHUT IN PROCEDURES 51

SECTION G: WELL CONTROL METHODS 57

SECTION H: CONTINGENCY PLANNING 74

MARKING KEY 79

CO CALCULATIONS & ANSWERS 82

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

SECTION A: OVERVIEW

1. Does all kicks causing blow out?

No. required Answers

0 A.Yes
~1No.

2. Kicks that lead to blowouts are so uncommon occurrence that there is no need think about
them when planning a well.

No. required Answers

0 A.True
\._-IET B. False

3. What are consequences of having a blow-out? Choose five answers

No. required Answers L~1

Environmental damage
O B. Competitors shall gain an advantage.
Loss of human life.
Loss of equipment
0 E. The responsible person will be fired and will not find a job easily.
Loss of reputation
0 S If the blow is controlled before it catches fire, no real consequences are expected.
Financial damages.

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4. Well control incidents such as blowouts can have a negative impact on the drilling industry.

What are the negative impacts of blowouts? Choose four answers

No. required Answers

Environmental damage.
Loss of rig equipment.
O C. More experienced supervisors.
Extra regulations from governments.
O E. Better trained personnel.
O F. Better maintained equipment.
~S”~G. Financial loss.
O H. More opportunities for promotion.

5. What impact can blowouts have? Choose three answers

No. required Answers

A. Blowouts can damage rig equipment.

O B. Blowouts identify where hydrocarbons exist.
O C. Blowouts are acceptable as society needs soil.
O D. Blowouts have no environmental impact as they are contained at the rig site.
Blowouts have potential to kill and injure personnel.
F. Blowouts can damage a company’s reputation and result in lost contracts.

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6. What is “well integrity management”?

No. required Answers

El A. It is the job of the company man on the rig site.

O B. It is ensuring that you listen to your supervisor and do everything he says.
O C. It is the title of the operations manager in the base.
It is keeping hydrocarbons contained in the well or Pressure Control Equipment
(P CE).

7. Why is it important for individuals involved in well operations to be properly trained and
assessed in well control? Choose three answers.

No. required Answers

\H~A. So they know how to react if there is a well control problem.

O B. So they can earn more money in bonuses.
So the well interventions are completed without losing integrity.
O D. So shift changeover take place more effectively.
O E. So they are more easily promoted.
F. So their colleagues can rely on them knowing what to do.

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8. What makes an operation safe? Choose three answers

No. required Answers L~1

~ Always have pre-job safety meeting.
~Jj~t4. Ensure that the crew members know their responsibility if there is a problem.
LI C. Ensure that the well services supervisor on site all times.
\,ck.—~D. Only Use tested, inspected and carefully maintained equipment.
0 ~c E. Always use the Xmas tree as the primary well control barrier at all times.
LI ~F. Always contact the supervisor before shutting the well in after a problem.

9. Which of the following conditions are considered necessary for work to be conducted
safely? Choose three answers

No. required Answers

O A. Always use Xmas tree as the primary barrier.

\~W’Th. Hold a pre-job safety meeting with all personnel involved.
LI C. Always warn the foreman before shutting in the well.
0 D. Make sure that the foreman is always in position near the well.
Y~2~E. Make sure that all personnel know what to do if a problem should arise.
F. Only use tested, inspected and well-maintained equipment.

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10. Who should be present a pre-job meeting?

No. required Answers

U A. The crane crew.

LI B. Just supervision.
ECI. All involved.
U D. Just the well intervention crew.

11. From the list below, identify the top reasons for holding a well control pre-job meeting prior
to any remedial well control operation. Choose three answers

No. required Answers

Define roles and responsibilities.

tiW~Well control actions and the forward plan are fully discussed and understood by all
involved in the operation.
Li C. To get to know other team members.
LI D. To discuss and agree logistics.
Discuss well control incident in detail.

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12. Which of the following are required for pre job safety meeting for Well control. Choose
three answers

No. required Answers

discuss the well incident in details.

O B. To get to know other team member.
decide roles and responsibility of each for shutting in and controlling the well if
an incident occuts.

D ~~)~iY%et all those involved in the work to attend the meeting before the work starts
and go through the plan, encourage feedback, adjust the plan if required and
ensure everyone understood properly.

13. Who shuts in the well and is responsible for safe working if a problem occurs during an
~rventionoeration?

No. required Answers

O A. The operator’s representative (well foreman).

O B. The well service manager.
O C. The production manager.
O D. The leader of the intervention team.
E. The operator of the intervention equipment.

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14. Who would shut in the well and make it safe a pressure control problem occurred during an
intervention operation?

No. required Answers

El A. The crew Supervisor.

El B. The production Supervisor.
El C. The well Services Supervisor.

tP~ Any crew member designated to operate the well control panel.
El E. The Operator Rep. (company Man).

15. Before starting a well intervention job, you are handed a well programme which contains no
signatures. What action should you take first?

No. required Answers

El A. Start the job.

~i”~B. Do not start the Job and inform your supervisor.
El C. Tell your colleague and continue.
LI D. Hold a toolbox talk.

16. If, following handover from production to well services, a barrier downstream of the tree
fails and an incident occurs, who is responsible?

No. required Answers

LI A. Both production and well intervention crew.

1—~ B. The well services supervisor who accepted the handover.
El C. The production crew.
El D. The well intervention crew.

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SECTION W INTRODUCTION TO WELL CONTROL

1. Convert the following fluid densities to pressure gradients:

o l3ppg=xpsi/ft
0 l6ppg=ypsi/ft
o l2ppg=zpsi/ft

No. required Answers

C) . x= o474 Psi/ft
• y= o’83).... Psi/ft
• z= a’~.2’I Psi/ft

2. Calculate bottom hole hydrostatic pressure using the following information:

Well measured depth 18575 feet

Well true vertical depth

Shoe true vertical depth 12875 feet

Maximum allowable fluid density 17.8 ppg

Current fluid density

No. required Answers

o A. 14199 psi.
0 B. 9842 psi.
12445 psi.
0 D. 11917 psi

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3. Which depth is used to calculate down hole pressure?

No. required Answers L~1

El A. Down hole safety valve depth.
El B. Tubing shoe depth.

~ C. True vertical depth.

El D. Measured depth.
El E. Bridge plug depth.

4. Why do you use True Vertical Depth (TVD) to calculate the hydrostatic pressure?

No. required Answers

El A. It is hard to calculate Measured Depth (MD) accurately.

El B. It is usual practice in the oil and gas industry.
~ Gravity acts (pulls) vertically down the hole.

5. What affects the hydrostatic pressure acting on the bottom hole of the well? Choose two
answers

No. required Answers

Ur~A. The fluid density in the well.

El B. The measured depth of the well.
El C. The true vertical depth of the wireline guide.

uL~PTh. 1 he true vertical depth of the well.

El E. The maximum allowable fluid density.

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6. What happens to the hydrostatic pressure when the density of fluid decrease?

No. required Answers

\A~ A. It decreases.
El B. It increases.
El C. It stay the same.

7. What can affect Hydraustaic pressure?

No. required Answers

U A. The reservoir pressure.

\J1..—BD The fluid temperature.
U C. The fluid quantity in barrels.
U D. Inside Diameter (ID) of the tubing.

8. The following information has been gathered from a gas well:

Well depth, TV~g~2Oft

Well depth, MD 12200 ft

Formation ~

Gas gradient, 0.0707 psi! foot

Calculate the formation pressure

e4e~ e~4)
A. 3SOO~H Psi

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9. What does the term underbalance mean?

No. required Answers

El A. When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well greater than the formation
pressure.
El B. When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well is equal to the formation
pressure.
1__jV C. When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well is less than the formation
pressure.

10. What does the term overbalance mean?

No. required Answers

~ When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well greater than the formation
pressure.
El B. When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well is equal to the formation
pressure.
El C. When the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the well is less than the formation
pressure.

11. A well is to be killed with 9 ppg brine. The MD is ll000ft. (TVD l0000ft.)

Recently measure formation pressure is 4580 psi.

Which of the following statements is correct?

No. required Answers

UJ~~4~ A. There will be a 100 psi overbalance at the formation.

El B. The formation will be exactly balanced.
El C. There will be a 570 psi overbalance at the formation.
El D. There will be a 100 psi underbalance at the formation.

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12. A well is to be killed with 9.0 ppg brine. The MD is 10,525’ ,TVD 9,210’ The formation
pressure is 4,410 psi. Which statement is true?
‘.j3hz ~2

No. required Answers L~1

U A. There will be a 100 psi overbalance at the formation
U B. There will be a 50 psi overbalance at the formation
El C. The formation will be balanced
El D. There will be a 50 psi underbalance at the formation
~Lfr~i2~here will be a 100 psi underbalance at the formation.

13. What is the purpose the Ørimary well control?

No. required Answers

U A. It reduce downtime and non-productive time.

El B. It allow the intervention string to enter the well under pressure.
L~C. To contain well fluid and pressure.
U D. It allows the tool string to be loaded or lubricated into a live well.

14. You are assisting on a slick line job. What pieces of equipment give secondary well control
while the tool string and wire is in the well?

No. required Answers

The BOPs.
U B. The Christmas tree.
U C. The shear/seal BOP.
U D. The stuffing box.

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15. What is “fracture pressure”?

No. required Answers

LjJ—~A. The Pressure applied to the formation when it breaks down.

U 13. The Pressure applied at the surface which will cause the formation at the shoe to
break down.
U C. The Pressure applied to the formation at the bottom of the well by the column of
mud in the well.

U D. The Pressure applied to the formation at the casing shoe by the column of the mud
in the well.

16. A sliding side Door (SSD) is to be opened in a production oil well.

DATA:
Tubing shoe depth: 9175 feet MD, BlOOfeet TVD.
Packer depth:8550 feet MD, 7250 feet TVD.
SSD depth:8100 feet MD, 6825 feet TVD.
Completion fluid density 9.2 ppg JJ~ r~ç—— ~% 15
Oil density:6.8ppg j
SIWHP (CITHP): 75Opsi
kLLcJ

Calculate the differential pressure that exists across the sleeve.

No. required Answers

~R~’ A. There is 100 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
U B. There is 260 psi more in the tubing than annulus.
U C. There is 65 psi more in the annulus than tubing.
U D. there is 100 psi more the tubing than the annulus.
U E. There is 260 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
U F. There is 65 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.

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17. A sliding side Door (SSD) is to be opened in a production oil well.

DATA:
Tubing shoe depth: 9175 feet MD, 8300feetTVD.
Packer depth: 9050 feet MD, 8200 feet TVD.
SSD depth 8900 feet MDk 81.99 feet TVD~
Completion fluid density 9.2 ppg
Oil density:6.8ppg
SIWHP (CITHP): 75Opsi
3’ \~1
L
Calculate the differential pressure that exists across the sleeve.

No. required Answers

O A. There is 100 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.

O B. There is 260 psi more in the tubing than annulus.
O C. There is 65 psi more in the annulus than tubing.
O D. there is 100 psi more the tubing than the annulus.
\W~E. There is 260 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
0 F. There is 65 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.

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18. A producing oil well has been shut in and the SSD is to be opened before killing the well.
Calculate the differential pressure that exists across the sleeve before it is opened.

Tubing shoe 11350’MD & 8750’TVD Completion fluid density 9.0 ppg
Packer depth 11000’ MD & 8600’TVD(Qil density 6.8ppg )
SSD depth 10950’MD & 8550’TVD SIWHP 1000 psi
~-3~
No. required Answers
~D@\~
‘pa
LI A. The tubing and annulus are in balance. ~
‘}%~
J~l~— B. There is 23 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.
LI C. There is 23 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
U D. There is 253 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.
~~3’ 1~ ~
El E. There is 253 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
LI F. There is 300 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.
El C. There is 300 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.

19. A gas well has a total depth of 14000 ft MD (13100ft.TVD). The packer is set at ll000ft.MD
(10200ft.TVD). The annulus is full of 9-ppg completion brine. The shut in Wellhead pressure
is 2500 psi. Gas gradient is 0.lspsi/ft

What is the differential between the tubing and annulus at the underside of the tubing
hanger?
tic,

No. required Answers a ;~

2500 psi more in the tubing than the annulus.
LI B. 1000 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
LI C. 1950 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
LI D. 1665 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.
U E. 745 psi more in the annulus than the tubing.

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20. Which depth is used to calculate down hole volumes?

No. required Answers

El A. Down hole safety valve depth.

O B. Tubing shoe depth.
O C. True vertical depth.
Measured depth.
—~ 0 E. Bridge plug depth.

21. The following information has been gathered from a gas well: ~ ~y~e

Well depth- TVD Gl2Oft. p

Well depth- MD 12200ft

~ t~:t
Formation Gradient — 0.572 psi/ft 0
Gas Gradient — 0.0707 psi/ft ott? 2-9 x
Casing capacity — 0.04049 bbls/ft — 9 ~
Tubing nominal weight —10.2 lbs/ft
Tubing grade (C80)- connection, Hydril PH4
Tubing Capacity- 0.00829 bbl/ft
Tubing displacement (closed end)- 0.01190 bbl/ft
Pump displacement-C 0899 bbl/stroke a

Tubing shoe depth MD-ll000fee TVD- 5980 feet,

Calculate how many strokes to displace the tubing string?

No. required Answers

O A. 1614 strokes.
\,~,Lk_#~1l015 strokes.

O C. 565 strokes.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

22. The following information has been gathered from a gas well:

Well depth — TVD 6120 feet

Well depth — MD 12200 feet a ~
Formation gradient—0.572 psi/ft )p?
Casing capacity — 0.04049 bbls/ ft
Tubing nominal weight —10.2 lbs/ ft
Tubing grade (C80) — connection, hydril PH4 S 34~ .33 ~
Tubing capacity — 0.00829 bbl/ft
Tubing displacement (closed end) — 0.01190 bbl/ ft
~isplacement-0.089~stroke
Point of circulation depth .j!!~~00~~ee TVD —5980 feet

Calculate the number of strokes required to displace the well bore by pumping

through the tubing?

y
No. required Answers ~ (cI~ç~j

U A. 2510 strokes L ~
bboHDh~ ~
4512 strokes
1.... ~,QJ (.~
U C. 4370 strokes 74~
~ ~nsS’c \~Ooo44 3Ihi.~l9 kk~J
cs~~ ~
ckTc44 4

~Pi~iç t

T~t~sç ~J(s5.~ ~%OS

s~’k’j
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23. Given the following data:

~ngcapacity0.03049bbls/~
Tubing nominal weight 10.2 lbs/ft
ngcapacity0~29~
~h~edind tubing displacement 0.01290 bbl/ft\
{~~~.os99bbl/~Je
K1H rate 100 strokes/mm ‘j~t~A~ 21e~’sc
\~Weil depth MD 11,200 ft L
Well depth TVD 10,100 ft

Calculate how many strokes to displace the entire wellbore by pumping through the

tubing? j V

No. requiredAnswers

U A. 2,511 strokes. ~ttj ~

\—?r’ B. 3,100 strokes.
U C. 5,005 strokes.

~C9~ ~çc~ — T~

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24. Given the following data, calculate the time required to displace bottom up with forward
circulation.

Point of circulation: 9250 feet MD, 8600 feet TVD

Tubing capacity: 0.0025 bbl/ft\
Annular capacity: 0.0052 bbl/ft\
Pump rate: 0.75 pbm
~L- -

~
No. required Answers
92-So —

U A.G0min.
LI B. 29 mm.
U C.95min.

\2<’~1. 64 mm.
U E.3lmin.
U F.S8min.

25. Given the following data, calculate the time required to pump one full circulation of the
well.

Point of circulation: 9250 feet MD, 8600 feet TVD

Tubing capacity: 0.0025 bbl/ ft N
Annular capacity: 0.0052 bbl/ ftD ~‘g~S
Pump rate: 0.75 pbm

No. required Answers

U A.Gomin.
U B.29min.

UA~C. 95 mm.
U D.64min.
U E. 31 mm.

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26. Given the following data;

Depth of tubing: 8750 ft MD/8l25ftTVD

Tubing capacity; 0.00387 bbl/ft
Annulus capacity: 0.00970 bbl/ft sJ~
Pumping rate: 1.25 bbl/min

Calculate the time required to displace bottom up with forward circulation.

A. ~7~1 mm.

Calculate the time required for full circulation. a 7375 ~

B. _________ mm. çJ~5

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SECTION C: INTRODUCTION TO BARRIERS

1. Which one of the following is a correct definition for a well barrier?

No. required Answers

El A. A Plug that can prevent the flow of well bore fluids.

A well barrier is defined as anything that can prevent the well bore hydrocarbons
to flow to surface.
El C. Wireline Blow out plug.

2. What is the definition of a barrier element?

No. required Answers

El A. The manual locking stems on the BOP.

Lp~~’B. Any device, fluid or substance that prevents the flow of the wellbore fluids.
El C. The warning tape around the workplace.
El D. An overbalance fluid.
El E. A mechanical plug.

3. On a well with 150 psi surface pressure only one barrier can tested prior to rigging up.

Can work continue?

No. required Answers

El A.Yes.
B.No.

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4. On a well with 150 psi surface pressure only one barrier can tested prior to rigging up.

Can work continue?

No. required Answers

El A. The work can continue as the pressure is low.

El B. The work can continue with caution.
El C. Monitor the pressure for 10 minutes. The work can continue if the pressure
remains stable.
~‘D. The work cannot continue using only a single barrier.

5. On a well with 150 psi surface pressure more than one barrier can tested prior to rigging up.
Can work continue?

No. required Answers

~
El B.No.

U
6. It is best practice to always have more than one barrier availabe.

No. required Answers w

A. True.
El B. False.

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7. In workover and completion operation, what are the minimum number(s) of recommended
barriers?

No. required Answers

U A.One.

\*Y~’ B. Two.
El C.Three.

8. You are completing a well, which barriers are in place?

No. required Answers

U A.SSD.
BOP.
~ C. Casing & cementation.

\EVD. Overbalanced brine.

U E.DHSV.

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9. During the process of completing a well, utilizing the drilling rig to run tubing, which of the
following statements are true? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

El A. The tubing may be run into the well without using drilling BOPs.
\H”~ B. The well needs a minimum of two barriers.
O C. A tubing Conveyed Gun cannot be run in the well if the hole is not filled heavy
mud.

D ~ A cased and cemented (unperforated) wellbore plus a drilling BOP may provide
two barriers without a kill weight completion fluid.

10. In well intervention operation, what are the minimum number(s) of recommended barriers?

No. required Answers

El A.One.
0 B.Two.
Three.

11. Which of the following regarding a barrier envelop is correct?

No. required Answers Lii

0 A. A barrier envelope is the primary barrier.
0 B. A barrier envelope is the same as a barrier or just plainly a barrier.
A barrier envelope is made up of a number of barrier elements.
0 D. A barrier envelope is the secondary barrier.

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12. Which one of the following regarding a barrier element is correct?

No. required Answers

O A. A barrier element is the same as a barrier envelope.

O 8. A barrier element is the same as the secondary barrier.
C. A barrier element is just one part of a series of components which together form
the barrier envelope.
LI D. A barrier element is the same as the primary barrier.

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13. In the production well schematic in figure 1 identify the main barrier elements that prevent annulus
flow? Choose four answers

Figure 1

Xmas Tree

-
Thblno Hangor Hanger Spool
Tubing Spool Outlet Valves
(9
S

Production Casing
Production tubing

fl~*p~,r~ Halo Safety Valve

Wall FluIds
Cornnlollan n.de

Packer

Casing l3ctwoan Packer

And Portoratlona

P,a,fon.llans

0
No. required Answers

O A. Well fluids
B. Production casing above the packer
C. Tubing spool outlet valves
Tubing Hanger/ Hanger Spool
\_.~“ E. Packer
o F. X-mass tree
o c. Production tubing

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14. In the production well schematic in figure 1 identify the main barrier elements that contain well
pressure? Choose five answers

Figure 1

Xmae Tree

Tubing Hang.. I Hang.. Spool

Tubing Spool Outlet Valvon

Production Casing
Production Tubing

Down Hole Below Vah#o

Wall Fluids
Completion riuld

Casing Between Packer

And Pc.fonat ions

__________ Perforations

No. required Answers

O A. Well fluids
B. Production casing below the packer
O C. Tubing spooi outlet valves
D. Tubing Hanger! Hanger Spool
‘_~.—‘tJ E. Packer
F. X-mass tree
G. Production tubing

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15. Which of the following statements describe types of barriers?

No. required Answers

0 A. Positive and negative

0 B. Pump open and pump closed
kr~”C. Mechanical and liquid
0 D. Over-balanced and under-balanced
0 E. Primary and secondary

I 0 F. Upper and lower.

16. Which of the following fluids are common fluid barriers?

No. required Answers Liii

~A. Seawater
o B. Diesel oil
Packing fluid
o o. Nitrogen
o E. Condensate
Drilling fluid.

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17. When is a fluid column acceptable as a barrier?

No. required Answers

El A. When it is acting against a cased and cemented hole.

El B. When it can be monitored and maintained.
El C. When it is of grater hydrostatic weight than the well pressure.
~~2- D. When it is of grater hydrostatic weight than the well pressure and can be
monitored and maintained.

18. While completing a producing well, why should a fluid barrier be clean?

No. required Answers

To prevent formation damage.

~ To prevent debris settling at the top of the packer.
El C. To reduce the bottom hole pressure while pumping.
El D. To provide a homogeneous fluid system for completion.

19. How can a mechanical barrier stop the well-flow?

No. required Answers

El A. By leading the flow down the kill-line

El B. By applying a slight over-balance

~kr~’~C. By closing off the flow route

El D. By closing Xmas tree valves.

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20. Row is a mechanical plug installed or placed in a weilbore?

No. required Answers

U~~1C By intervention using wireline, coiled tubing or snubbing

El B. By control line pressure.
El C. By hydraulic closure.
El D. By flow velocity.

H) /‘≤t~hich of the following mechanical barriers can be installed by means of intervention

Lø-methods?

No. required Answers

\~1~V A. Wireline plug

~ Pump-through plug
El C. Circulation valve
El D. Differential pressure valve
~EE~ E. Pump-open plug
~ El F. Orifice valve
)±~~H~G. Expandable plug

22. What does the term “positive plug” mean?

No. required Answers

El A. It prevents flow from above

El B. It prevents flow from below
It prevents flow from both directions.

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23. Which of the following statements are true about the use of tubing plugs?

(THREE ANSWERS)

No. required Answers

El A. Check that the pressures are equalized before setting.

El B. Check that the plug is installed as high in the completion as possible.

u~—~t Check that the pressure rating is adequate for the work to be performed.
~ Check that a contingency exists in case debris setting on top of the plug.
~2’~i~Check that the plug is holding pressure after setting.

24. Descibe the primary function of a landing nipple positioned below the production paker

No. required Answers

El A. So that a junk catcher can be set below the production packer prior to shifting any
sliding side door.
El B. To prevent wireline tools falling out the bottom of completion and into the liner.
C. To enable reservoir to be isolated at the lowest point of completion.
El D. To allow the completion to be pressure tested at any time while running the
tubing.

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25. Descibe the primary func€ion of a landing nipple positioned above the production paker

No. required Answers

U A. So that a standing valve can be run to allow the production packer to set.
U B. To provide a locating profile when running a tubing puncher to unset the
production packer.
LI C. So that a valve catcher can be set below side pocket mandrel when changing out
the gas lift valves.

L~—~D~to accept a wire line plug or standing valve so that the production tubing and
completion accessories above the production packer can be pressure tested.

26. During a well intervention operation a retrievable straddle packer is installed across a
tubing leak, but fails to hold pressure, which one of the following is the correct action?

No. required Answers

Pull it and set the backup straddle

U B. Set the backup straddle above the first one
U C. Get coiled tubing to put a cement plug on top of it
U D. Have it milled out
U E. Nothing, a small leak is normal and can be accepted

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27. Which of the following are closable barriers?

No. required Answers

O A. Tubing hanger plug

O 8. Pump-out plug
I~V~C. BOP
O D. Packer
O E. Check valve.

28. Which one of the following statements contains three items of equipment that can all be
opened and closed and form a barrier when closed?

No. required Answers

4k
O A. Tubing, cemented casing and sliding sleeve.
O 8. BOP, productio~ packer and annulus safety valve.
BOP, surface operated subsurface safety valve and the hydraulic master valve.
O D. BOP, hydraulic master valve and tubing hanger.

29. Can a mixture of mechanical and fluid barriers be used?

No. required Answers

t~!CA. Yes
0 B.No

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

30. What is the correct name of the various barriers?

No. required Answers

0 A. First-line, second-line and third-line

~ Primary, secondary and tertiary
0 C. First, second and third.

31. Various group of barrier may be used to control well pressure during well intervention
C) operations.

What is the common terminology for each of these barrier group?

No. required Answers

0 A. 1St 2nd and 3rd

L.~r’~ B. Primary, secondary and shearing.

0 C. First line, Second line and Third line.

32. Which barrier would be described as the primary (active) barrier when the reservoir is
open?

No. required Answers

0 A. Rig BOP.
O B. Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSSV).
O C. Casing
Overbalance fluid.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

33. Which of the following is a primary barrier during completion the well?

No. required Answers

El A.BOP

L_81’Overbalance brine/fluid.
U C. Cement Plug.

34. Which barrier is the ‘active barrier’ when completing the well?

No. required Answers

El A. The rig BOP.

LI B. The Down hole safety valve (DHSV).
LI C. The sliding side door (SSD).
~ D. The overbalance fluid.

35. Which of the following types of barrier is a fluid barrier?

No. required Answers

A. Primary
LI B. Secondary
U C. Tertiary.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

36. It is possible to define a fluid barrier as secondary barrier?

No. required Answers

v—rCA. Yes.
U B.No.

37. Which one of the following is considered as an active barrier during a slick-line operation?

No. required Answers

LI A. Slick-line BOP.
U B. Xmas Tree swab valve.
LI C. Xmas Tree master valve (cutter wire).
~J~V’~D. Stuffing box.

38. Which one of the following is considered as a secondary barrier during a well intervention
operation?

No. required Answers

BOP.
U B. Hydrostatic Bottom Hole Pressure
U C. X-mass Tree.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

39. You are assisting on a slick line job. What pieces of equipment give secondary well barrier
while the tool string and wire is in the well?

No. required Answers

A. The BOPs.
El B. The Christmas tree.
El C. The shear/seal BOP.
El D. The stuffing box.

40. What type of barrier, if the shear/seal BOP (Safety head) when used immediately above the
wellhead?

No. required Answers

El A. Primary barrier.
B. Shearing barrier.
El C. Secondary barrier.

GWh ich of statements best describes Surface Control Sub Surface Safety Valve (SCSSSV)?

No. required Answers El

El A. In completed well SCSSSV is a secondary barrier.

t-4 B. In completed well SCSSSV is a barrier element that can be primary or secondary
depending on operations.
El C. In completed well SCSSSV is a shearing barrier.
El D. In completed well SCSSSV is a primary barrier.

Page 38 of 109
 International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

42. S In the production well in the schematic be ow Figure 2, the components and fluids have
each been identified with a letter. Answer the questions on the page following the
schematic by placing a latter in each of the boxes provided.

Xmas Tree

Tubing Hanger / Hanger Spool

Tubing Spool Outlet Valves

Production Casing
Production Tubing

Down Hole Safety Valve

0
Well Fluids
Completion Fluid

Packer

Casing Between Packer

And Perforations

Perforations

Q Figure 2 - TypIcal Completion

A Xmas Tree
B Well Fluid
(ED’Tubing Hanger/Hanger Spool
0 Production Casing
E Tubing Spool Outlet Valves
F Packer
(~~Production Tubing
JJ~ DHSV
cD Overbalanced Completion Fluid

Page 39 of 109
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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

a) Pressure has been observed in the completion annulus. If the DHSV is closed and the
wellhead pressure bled off, the annulus pressure falls with it. A leak at which two barrier
elements could cause this?

~
b) There is a leak at the flange between the tubing hanger spool and the Xmas tree. What can
be closed to stop this leak?

H~
c) There is a leak at the packer. What initially prevents the wellbore fluids from reaching the
production casing?

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

SECTION D: TESTING

1. Why do we perform low pressure test?

No. required Answers

L—r(~A. To give confidence that seals are holding pressure on low pressure as well.

El B. Because it is company policy.

El C. Because it is written in the program.
El D. There is no need for low pressure test as long as equipment hold on high pressure
test.

2. A low pressure and a high pressure leak test are normally performed on any component
that is to be or may be exposed to well pressure. Which one of the following statements is
correct?

No. required Answers

\_R~’ A. The acceptance criteria should be found in relevant documentation, such as well
program.
El B. 5% pressure drop is well inside the acceptance criteria. ‘Y
El C. If no leaks are visible on the equipment, the test is ok.
El D. 25% pressure drop is inside the acceptance criteria. x
El E. 10% pressure drop is inside the acceptance criteria.

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3. In which direction should a barrier be tested?

No. required Answers

El A. From above
El B. From below
El C. In any direction
UR D. In the direction of flow.

c9on a producing well, in which direction should a primary (active) barrier be tested as
possible?

No. required Answers

El A. From both directions.

El B. From above.
El C. It cannot be tested unless live.
~ The direction of flow.

S. How should an inflow test to applied?

No. required Answers

El A. Bleed down all of pressure as quickly as possible to ensure sealing element are
fully energized.
El B. Pump with cement unit with a calibrated chart recorder.
El C. Bleed off until the fluid reach to the surface.
D. Bleed down slowly in stages, monitoring for pressure rise carefully before continue
to next steps.

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6. If it is not possible to perform an inflow test on an installed positive plug. Should be

pressure tested from above?

No. required Answers

YES.
O B.NO.

7. In a gas well, after installing a deep set plug. Which of the following should be avoided?
)

No. required Answers

O A. Allowing differential pressure between the inside and outside of tubing above the
plug to exceed the burst pressure of the tubing while bleeding down to test.
O B. Exceeding the temperature expansion coefficient.
O C. Creating differential pressure across the plug.
O D. Creating differential pressure between the top of plug and the surface.
E. Allowing differential pressure between the inside and outside of tubing above the
plug to exceed the collapse pressure of the tubing while bleeding down to test.

8. Which of the following may happen when the annulus pressure limitation is exeeded?

No. required Answers

The casing may burst.

The tubing may collapse.
O C. The casing may collapse.
0 D. The tubing may burst.

Page 43 of 109
 o’~S~ 31’°~çt)

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

9. There is a margin of 1000 psi before reaching the annulus limitation. How much can the
density of the tubing fluid be decreased before reaching the limit if the packer is set a 15000
feet MD, 13500 feet TVD?

No. required Answers

~A. 1.425 ppg —

~. c’~7
LI B. 1.225 ppg ~ ~ o0SL,s )c ‘Tu~.
O C.1.825ppg (wt7~f]~~.~ ~ hflt ~J)
cn5t.
10. If either the primary or secondary barrier cannot meet required test criteria, what action
should you take before work can continue? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

~JJ—A. Alternative barriers should be identified and tested.

O B. As long as one barrier Is leak tight, continue.
~JV~’ C. Suspend operations until barriers can repair.
O D. If there is not a significant leak then continue with caution.

11. When an inflow test of a temporary barrier fails, what action should be taken before work
can continue? Choose two answers.

No. required Answers

O A. An inflow tested barrier is not part of the primary barrier envelope.

B. The barrier should be replaced and re-tested.
O C. If the leak rate is acceptable, continue. y
D. A further barrier should be identified, installed and tested.

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International well control forum Level 3 & 4
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12. Select from below the test or tests to prove the integrity of a wireline retrievable surface
controlled Sub surface safety Valve (SCSSSV). Choose three answers

No. required Answers

El A. By slam testing and bleeding off the control line. Monitor leaks.
~jL—B. By locking in the control line pressure and monitoring for pressure drop.O~~~9 It_C *LS4)

~ By bleeding off the control line pressure monitoring for pressure build up.(~ ~
O D. By pressure testing the annulus. )<
E. By bleeding off control line pressure, then bleeding the tubing pressure above the
closed safety valve.
O F. By pressure testing from above.

13. What item of equipment should be pressure tested before we rig up intervention
equipment?

No. required Answers

\Y~A. Xmas tree

O B. Tubing hanger
O C. Packer.
0 IX Annulus.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

14. Which pressure/inflow test should be carried out on the well prior to starting a well
intervention operation?

No. required Answers

o A. Pressure/inflow test the packer seal.

L_cI—B. Pressure/inflow test the Xmas tree valves.
O C. Pressure/inflow test the tubing hanger seal.
O D. Pressure/inflow test the annulus.

15. How often must temporary barriers such as the BOP be tested? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

Before use on well.

tj~-Th. When indication of a leak is observed.

O C.Everyyear.
O D. Before destruction. x

16. Typically how often are permanent barriers to be tested? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

O A. Every year.
B. When a leak is suspected
O C. Every 5 years.
u—rfD. After installation.
0 E. Before installation.

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International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

17. Which of the parameters below should be recorded in a pressure test graph as per API-RP
59 recommendations?

No. required Answers

t2~A. Fluid type.

\~J~l~ B. Test pressure
\JJ—~t Pressure rating of the equipment
Test volume pumped.
E. Name & signature of the authorized supervisor.
O F. Rig Operators Name.
El G. Manufacturers recommended pressure test.

18. Which items from the list should be included with a barrier test verification document?
Choose three answers.

No. required Answers

u.2-~A. Fluid weight.

O B. Maximum BOP hydraulic pressure.
O C. Deviation survey.
Pressure ratings.
El E. Casing wall thickness.
O F. Kick off depth.
S signed test chart.

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19. Who has the final approval of barrier test documents at location prior to the well
intervention?

No. required Answers

L A. The area authority.

O B. The location production manager.
O C. The production supervisor.
The well services! intervention supervisor

Page 48 of 109
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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

SECTION E: RISK MANAGEMENT

1. What is the main purpose of conducting a risk assessment?

No. required Answers

~ To help identify all potential risks, their likelihood and which controls are in place
to help prevent them.
U B. To support the permit to work and help provide the asset holder with assurance
that controls are in place.
El C. Risk assessments are conducted for complex operations where there are many
interfaces.
El D. So supervision can ensure that the risks have been identified.

2. Which well intervention activity planning includes formal risk assessment?

No. required Answers

U A. Non-Routine
U B. Rig based.
U C. Fishing! trouble shooting.
2~D. All well intervention activities.

3. Planning for well control incidents will form part of the well designed programme.

No. required Answers

A. True.
U B. False.

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4. You are instructed to remove the tree cap from a well you will be rigging up on. You think
the pressure gauge on the cap might broken. What should you do?

No. required Answers

\—M~’~A. Stop the job and tell the well site supervisor of your concerns.
0 B. Ask your equipment operator to confirm that there is no pressure beneath the cap.
U C. Continue to remove the tree cap as the person that told you to do the job knows
what he is doing.
0 D. Get a new gauge and put it on the tree cap so that you can check the pressure.

5. Why are well control emergency drills held?

No. required Answers

O A. So that you know which lifeboat station to go to.

So that you know what your job is in a well control emergency situation.
O C. Because it is a police requirement to have their drills.
O D. So that you know which muster point to go to.

6. When bleeding down oil from a lubricator system on an offshore platform, which of the
following is correct?

No. required Answers

O A. Will be vented to a flare line.

O B. Will go directly to the separator.
O C. Will be vented to the atmosphere.
~çL—~D. Will be bled down to an enclosed tank.

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International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

SECTION F: SHUT-IN PROCEDURES

1. A production well is to be shut in after pulling out of the hole with the intervention tool
string. Which is the first correct action?

No. required Answers

El A. Close the LMV

El B. Close the LMV while counting turns
a~vE. Close the Swab valve while counting turns
El D. Close the DHSV
El E. Close the DHSV while measuring returns

2. When shutting in the well at the Xmas tree, which of the following statements are true?

(THREE ANSWERS)

No. required Answers

\-f~r” A. The upper master valve is normally used if there is in nothing in the hole.
B. Damage to the valves can occur if they closed on a tool string.
~~_≠2~1. The lower master valve is not normally used.
El D. The upper master valve will seal around wireline. x,
El E. The Swab valve shuts off flow from the well.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

3. If it is attempted to open a closed valve whilst there is pressure on one side only, which of
the following statement are true?

(TWO ANSWERS)

No. required Answers

El A. Reduces the chances of pressure locking the valve

El B. Causes less hydraulic shock to the system
El C. Reduced the risk of damage to the valve
~ Can cause damage to equipment downstream of the valve
E. Can cause damage to the valve

4. A closed gate valve has a differential of 2500 psi across it. Which of the following
statements are true about opening this valve?

(iWO ANSWERS)

No. required Answers

\-‘~A. The mechanical force required to turn handle can damage or break the stem
o B. The high differential pressure assists the gate movement when opening
El C. Pressure on only one side of the valve reduces the change of it being pressure
locked. “/
0 D. The equalizing poppet in the gate equalizes the pressure as the gate starts to move
\~2’~E. The sudden pressure surge on opening can damage piping equipment
downstream.

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International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

5. What can happen when you open a valve that only has pressure on one side? Choose two
answers

No. required Answers

1~’Damage can be caused to the valve.

U B. A minor hydraulic shock can be generated.

LI C. The risk of pressure locking the valve is reduced.
k4~—Ti Damage can be caused to equipment downstream from the valve.
El E. The valves can be opened and closed regardless of pressure conditions.

6. You are told to open the swab valve on a well that has diffrential pressure across it. What
should you do?

No. required Answers

LI A. Pressure up the Pressure Control Equipment (PCE) with the hand pump to equalize
across the valve before opening it.
~j.i—’~1 Open the valve slowly until you hear pressure, wait to equalize, then open fully and
count the turns.
LI C. Open the valve as quickly as possible and count turns.
U D. Open the valve slowly and count the turns.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

7. After shut in producing well, there willat first be a rapid increase in pressure display on the
xmas tree gauge. Which of the following statements is correct?

No. required Answers

Increase pressure mainly due to pressure build up from reservoir.

0 B. Increase pressure mainly due to temperature increase in well.
O C. Increase pressure mainly due to temperature decrease in well.
O D. Increase pressure mainly due to gas migration in well.
O E. Increase pressure mainly due to cross flow in reservoirs.

8. Which of the following indicates that a gas cap may be forming in a live well that has just
been shut in at the tree?

No. required Answers

O A. Initial SIWHP slowly falls.

B. Initial SIWHP slowly rises.
O C. Initial SIWHP remains steady.
O D. Annulus pressure slowly falls. D
O E. Annulus pressure slowly rises.
0 F. Annulus pressure remains steady.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

9. A flowing well has been shut in at the tree & the well head pressure quickly builds up to
1550 psi & then slowly increases to 2250 psi in next two hours. Which of the following is
correct?

No. required Answers

0 A. It indicates that DHSV is stuck in closed position.

El B. It indicates that the perforations are getting plugged.

uJk—~C It is normal & due to gas cap formation

10. When shutting in a producing well, there will, after the first rapid increase in pressure, be a
slower and longer lasting increase displayed on the Xmas tree gauge.Which one of the
following statement is correct? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

\.....k1—~. The increase is mainly caused by gas migration in the well.

O B. The increase is mainly caused by temperature decrease in the well.
O C. The increase is mainly caused by cross flow in the reservoir.
O D. The increase in mainly caused by temperature increase in the well.
The increase is mainly caused by pressure build up from the reservoir.

11. Which two of the following may cause an increase in the surface pressure on a shut in well
over time? Choose two answers

No. required Answers

J~—A. Water injection into an adjacent well that is connected to the open perforation in
the shut in well
O B. Crossflow between open perforations )c~~
t.a~’ C. Gas ingress into the wellbore and migration to surface.
O D. Production from. an adjacent well that is connected to the open perforation in the
shut in well.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

12. The following information has been gathered from a gas well.

Well depth, TVD 6120ft.

Well depth, MD 12200ft.
Formation Gradient, 0.572 psi/foot
Gas gradient, 0.0707 psi/foot
~e9JL~3J (c°~ ~
Calculate the shut in surface pressure. 5-7~ ~-~) ~
~t’4b)

A. Psi.
8-fl)

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 International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

SECTION 6: WELL CONTROL METHODS

1. How do we select a kill fluid?

No. required Answers

0 A. By calculating its acid content

Li B. By calculating its yield point
0 C. By calculating its viscosity
\JJ—~CBy calculating its hydrostatic pressure.
0
2. Why is it necessary to select the appropriate kill fluid prior to killing a live well?

(TWO ANSWERS)

No. required Answers

Li A. It reduces the potential for annulus losses.

O B. It enables a higher kill pump rate.
O C. It enables a lower kill pump rate.

a ~ Compatibility with formation and formation fluids.

LJ~~i~ Appropriate weight to kill well without excuse over pressure.

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Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

3. (S) The following information has been gathered from a gas well:

Well depth —TVD 6120ft

Well depth- MD 12200 ft

Formation Gradient- 0.572 psi/ft

“I
Gas gradient — 0.0707 psi/ft

7-inch casing has been set and the 334-inch completion string run. Prior to perforating, the
mud in the well has to be replaced with brine to balance formation pressure.

What brine density is required?

~
—-~.-..

o.oSL
No. required Answers 1

U A. 11.8 ppg.
U B. 10.2 ppg.
~.Z” C. 11 ppg.

4. In a planned kill operation, which killing method will probably be used?

No. required Answers

U A. Concurrent
~ Reverse circulation.
U C. Wait and weight.
U D. Forward circulation.
U E. Lubrication and bleed.

Page 58 of 109
 International well control forum Level 3 & 4
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

S. What are the advantages of utilising reverse circulation? Choose four answers

No. required Answers

u—Er A. The surface pressure is kept low

B. There is less danger of formation damage
LI C. It is a slow process X

U D. We have to utilize Wireline YC

U E. Dirt can plug up the formation ,x~
~ The production tubing and annulus end up with pure killing fluid
G. All wells can normally be killed using this method.

6. Which of the following describes one of the main advantages of the reverse circulation well
kill method:

No. required Answers

v—’C Both the tubing and annulus end up with comparable kill fluid.
j U B. Debris can plug the formation.
U C. Wireline work is normally involved.
U D. It is a slow process.

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International well control forum Level 3 & 4

L
Well Intervention Pressure Completion Operations

7. Which of the following describe one of the main advantage of Reverse Circulation well kill
method?

No. required Answers

O A. Wireline work in normally involved.

O B. It is a slow process.
O C. Downhole pressure are lower throughout the operation.
Surface pressure are lower throughout the kill operation.

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8. S Well control kill sheet data:

TUBING CASING
Size 31/. 7
Weight 10.3 lbs/ft 29 lbs/ft
Capacity 0.0083 bblslft 0.0371 bblslft

Capacity between tubing and casing is 0.0252 bbls/ft ~ D~S1

Gradients:

V Brine in annulus 0.49 psi/ft c.—

V Oil in tubing 0.35 psi/ft
V Gas in tubing 0.12 psi/ft t_—

o Transition from gas to oil inside tubing at 4,000 ft (Gas Cap

tie00
o Sliding sleeve at 7,450 ft (in open position) 4j.
o Permanent packer at 7,500 ft
o Top perforations at 7,700 ft _______

—
o Formation pressure 3,740 psi
o Closed in tubing head pressure (THP) 1,965 psi
o Closed in casing head pressure (CHP) 0 psi (Annulus is full to surface ~‘~°
0 ~T?zø(37t1~)

The diagram on the next page shows the configuration of the well, and the table below shows a
reverse circulation kill graph, tubing containing gas and oil with a completion brine in the
annulus.

The kill fluid gradient is 0.52 psi/ft and is being pumped through the annulus via the sliding
sleeve until the hydrocarbons and completion fluids have been circulated out entirely.

NOTE: During the well kill operation we maintain an overbalance of 200 psi above the
formation pressure at top perforations.

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To Choke Manifold (THP 1,965ps1)

To Pump (ClIP 0ps~

Casing?” 2OIbsIIt
TUbing 3’4” 10.3Ibsflt
SScv

GasIOllLevel4~000ft ( is≤st~sø)~1’i’cs
?t @ ssdtflsz,s Ii Sliding Sleeve 7~450lt 3
.5
fs~

‘I SI
Permanent Packer 7,500t1

Top Perforation 7,700ft

rmatlon Pressure 3.llOpsI

z500
flooo .- Thp
.- CHP
~ 1,500
1,000
t500
=
In
400
0 33 62 170
Volume Pumped mbIs)

Thblng Head Pressure (psi) — — — — -

I 0
1,965
33 Volume62Pumped170
ass 202
@bM
202
188
202
2~b~II
Casing Head Pressure (psI) 0 22 22
Point on Graph

FIgure 1 - W.Il Control Kill Graph

Page 62 of 109