Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

ELECTRICAL DESIGN BASIS

FACILITIES SPECIFICATION

THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
REVISION A B C
Signature Signature Signature
DATE 06/27/18 09/21/18
ORIG BY C Picken CPP C Picken
APP BY P Darker PJD P Darker
APP BY DM R Freeman BRF R Freeman

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 Purpose 7
1.2 Reference Standards and Documents 7
1.3 Holds 7
2. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 8
3. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 8
3.1 Overview 8
3.2 The Key Single Line Diagram 9
3.3 Point of Common Coupling 9
4. MAIN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS 9
4.1 230kV GIS Substation 9
4.2 Main Substations 10
4.3 Unit Substations 10
5. OPERATION OF THE POWER SYSTEM 11
5.1 Human Operation of the Power System 11
5.2 Normal Operation 11
5.3 Single Incomer Failure Operation 11
5.4 13.8kV, 4.16kV and LV Switchgear Operating Scenarios 11
6. SHUTDOWN AND STARTING 12
6.1 Planned Shutdown 12
6.2 Unplanned Shutdown (Blackout) 12
6.3 Emergency Generators 13
6.4 Emergency Power Distribution 13
6.5 Start-up 14
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM 14
7.1 Overview 14
7.2 Saudi Arabian Grid Code Requirements 14
7.3 Voltage Levels 14
7.4 Voltage Quality 14
7.5 Repetitive Voltage Fluctuations Due to TGP 15
7.6 Non-repetitive Voltage Fluctuations Due to TGP 15
7.7 Voltage Flicker Severity 15
7.8 Harmonic Distortion 15
7.9 Frequency Variation 15
7.10 Power Exchange Between TGP and the SEC system 16
7.11 Fault Clearance Times for the SEC System 16
7.12 Fault Ride-through Requirements 16
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9.1 Studies Required 18
9.2 Load Flow Analysis 18
9.3 Short Circuit Analysis 19
9.4 Arc Flash Analysis 19
9.5 Motor Starting and Volt-drop Analysis 19
9.6 Transient Stability Study 20
9.7 Harmonic Penetration Analysis 20
9.8 Power Factor Correction Study 20
9.9 Switching Transient Analysis, Insulation Coordination 21
9.10 Relay Coordination Study 21
9.11 Electrical System Modelling 21
10. GROUNDING OF STAR-POINTS AND NEUTRALS 22
10.1 SEC 380/230kV Transformer Neutral Grounding 22
10.2 TGP 230kV System Grounding 22
10.3 13.8kV Switchgear 22
10.4 4.16kV Switchgear 22
10.5 Three-phase 480V Switchgear 22
10.6 Generators, Transformers and LV Systems in General 22
11. GROUND GRID DESIGN 23
11.1 Solidly Grounded Systems <1000V 23
11.2 Impedance Grounded Systems >1000V 23
11.3 Solidly Grounded Systems >1000V 23
11.4 Grounding Grids, Rods, Step and Touch Potentials 23
11.5 Substation and Switchyard 23
11.6 Grid Conductor Cross-section 23
11.7 TGP Bulk Distribution and Industrial Areas 24
11.8 Backup Protective Relay Protection 24
11.9 Current Division Factor 24
11.10 Resistivity of Surface Soil 24
11.11 Grounding Earth Rods for Test Purposes 24
11.12 Step and Touch Study 24
11.13 Ground Grid Study 25
11.14 Lightning Protection Study 25
12. GROUNDING OF METALLIC COMPONENTS 25
12.1 Frames of Motors, Generators and Transformers 26
12.2 Free-standing Equipment 26
12.3 Fence Grounding 26
12.4 Tanks, Lightning Protection and Static Electricity 26
12.5 Grounding Electrodes for Non-Process Facilities 26
13. ELECTRICAL LOAD SCHEDULE 27
13.1 Content and Use 27
13.2 Motors 27
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13.7 Sizing of Static Loads 31
14. ELECTRIC MOTORS 31
15. TRANSFORMERS 32
15.1 Sizing 32
15.2 Tap Changer Range for Transformers 33
16. SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR (MCC) 33
16.1 230kV Switchgear Design 33
16.2 13.8kV and 4.16kV HV Switchgear and Controlgear (MCCs) 34
16.3 480V LV Switchgear and Controlgear (MCCs) 34
16.4 Busbar Fault Current Ratings in General 34
16.5 Ringmain Units 35
17. SAFETY INTERLOCKING 35
17.1 Diagrams 35
17.2 Grounding Switches 35
17.3 Switchgear Shutters 35
17.4 Circuit Breaker Test Position 35
17.5 Energising Transformers 36
17.6 De-energising Transformers 36
18. CABLEBUS 36
19. PROTECTIVE RELAYING AND METERING 37
19.1 General 37
19.2 Mandatory Standards and Policies 37
19.3 Protection of Electrical Equipment 37
19.4 Relay Coordination 38
19.5 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 38
19.6 Metering and Alarms 38
19.7 Events and Tripping of Switchgear 39
19.8 Interfacing with SEC 39
20. HV & LV CABLE SELECTION & INSTALLATION 39
20.1 Sizing 39
20.2 Installation Method - General 40
20.3 Volt Drop 40
20.4 Cable Glands 40
20.5 Cable Trenches 40
20.6 Built Roads 41
20.7 Conduits and Cables Entering Buildings 41
20.8 Crossing and Parallel Clearances from Pipelines 41
21. ARC FLASH PROTECTION 41
21.1 Arc Flash in Switchgear and Controlgear 41
21.2 Operation Local to Switchgear and Controlgear 41
22. HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION 42
23. POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION 42
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25.1 General 43
25.2 Material Requirements 44
25.3 Temperature Control and Monitoring 44
26. CATHODIC PROTECTION 45
26.1 General 45
26.2 Design Requirements 46
26.3 Material Requirements 46
27. LIGHTING AND SMALL POWER 46
27.1 General 46
27.2 Levels of Luminance 47
27.3 LED Luminaires 47
27.4 Plant Areas and Street Lighting 47
27.5 Task Lighting 47
27.6 Building Lighting 48
27.7 SSD Fence Lighting 48
27.8 Emergency Lighting 48
27.9 Small Power 49
28. INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT FACILITIES (ISF) POWER SYSTEM 49
28.1 Power Supply 49
28.2 Power Distribution 49
29. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 50
30. REFERENCES 53
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to define the electrical design basis for the
Tanajib Gas Plant (TGP).

1.2 Reference Standards and Documents

This document shall be read in conjunction with the referenced standards and
specifications. A list of key international and Saudi Aramco standards and
other reference documents is given in section 28.
The latest issue dates shall be used for all the referenced International
Standards, e.g. ANSI, IEC, IEEE, NFPA, etc.
The information contained in the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
(SAES), Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures (SAEP), Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSS) and Saudi Aramco Best Practices
(SABP) shall be incorporated into the electrical design of the TGP where
applicable.
Saudi Aramco standard drawings shall also be used where applicable.
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) standards and materials systems
specifications shall be used as a basis for the design of the 230kV substation
and 230kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), and for the selection of 230kV
cable.

1.3 Holds

Hold Sectio Hold Point

Numbe n
r

None
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

2. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The environmental data applicable to TGP is given in the Basic Engineering

Design Data Ref [40] and in section 9.2 of SAES-P-100 Ref [4].
Electrical equipment shall be selected, sized, rated and laid out based on the
most onerous site and environmental conditions that can be encountered
throughout a one-year time-period. The applicable conditions are given in
section 9 of SAES-P-100 Ref [4]. Any de-rating factors that need to be applied
shall be those given in appropriate International Standards and these factors
shall be quoted in the calculation sheets and reports issued during the
execution of the Scope of Work for the Tanajib Gas Plant.

3. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

3.1 Overview

The electrical power supply and distribution systems shall support the
operation of electrically driven process machinery and utilities equipment in a
safe and reliable manner to maintain the gas production targets.
The design work covered by this Electrical Design Basis starts from and
includes the TGP 230kV GIS Substation and includes all downstream
systems.
The Marjan 380/230kV BSP Substation will be designed and built by SEC
under a MOU with Saudi Aramco. The SEC Scope of Work includes the 230kV
interconnecting cabling and terminations between the SEC 380/230kV step-
down auto-transformers (with GIS disconnector switches on the secondary
side) and the TGP 230kV GIS.
The incoming electrical power supply to the TGP consists of three
underground cable feeders from the SEC 380/230kV step-down auto-
transformers to the TGP 230kV GIS Substation. These feeders are configured
as 3x50% to suit a N-1 auto-transformer availability.
The TGP 230kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is configured as ‘Breaker-
and-a-Half’ to support high availability of power distribution from the three
number incoming feeders.
The TGP 230kV GIS also provides two 230kV outgoing feeders to the ‘Zuluf
600AH Increment Scope’ (BI-10-12321). The interface point for these Zuluf
feeders is at the Transition Yard located on the north side of the 380kV GIS
Substation.
The TGP 230kV GIS feeds three Main Substations via dual underground cable
feeders and 230/13.8kV step-down transformers to each switchgear assembly.
These Main Substations house the main 13.8kV motor and 13.8kV distribution
switchgear. From these Main Substations, power is distributed to individual
13.8kV motors and Unit Substations located throughout the facility. The
electrical distribution within TGP is at 13.8kV via above ground cables. The
process areas are considered critical so secondary selective switchgear is
provided in the Main Substations and all Unit Substations.
The TGP 230kV GIS Substation also includes extension space for future
additional GIS bays to feed a future fourth Main Substation for future Dorra
13.8kV motor and 13.8kV distribution switchgear.
Unit Substations shall be provided local to the process units, utilities and
miscellaneous plant areas they serve. From the Unit Substations power is
distributed at 4.16kV or 480V from local MCCs to suit the connected load size.
All switchgear shall be provided with a Power System Automation (PSA)
scheme, which shall communicate information to and from with the Central
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
The Key Single Line Diagram T80-P-PP-704001 [Ref 1] shall be the principal
document that pictorially sets out the whole electrical power supply and
distribution system for the TGP. This single line diagram shows the high
voltage distribution system and the associated main high-power components.

3.3 Point of Common Coupling

The Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the TGP facility to the SEC Grid
is at the load side of the GIS disconnector switch on the low voltage side of
the SEC 380/230kV step-down auto-transformers located at the SEC
Marjan 380/230kV BSP Substation.
The lower limit of the permissible power factor measured at the Tanajib 380kV
GIS Substation PCC shall be 0.95 (lagging). The range of power factor
permissible shall be obtained from SEC and appropriate power system control
strategies implemented to ensure that operation is within limits.

4. MAIN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

4.1 230kV GIS Substation

The TGP 230kV GIS Substation shall house 230kV ‘Breaker-and-a-Half’ Gas
Insulated Switchgear (GIS), associated protection panels and all auxiliary
systems. The substation shall be designed in accordance with SEC and Saudi
Aramco standards, with a subterranean cable basement.
The SEC 230kV incoming feeder cables shall be direct buried and routed from
the associated upstream 380/230kV auto-transformers located at the SEC
Tanajib 380kV GIS Substation. The cables shall enter the 230kV GIS
Substation via a cable basement. Outgoing 230kV feeder circuits to the Main
Substations shall be routed out of the substation via the cable basement and
direct buried.

4.2 Main Substations

TGP Main Substations shall house the main distribution and HV motor feeder
13.8kV switchgear, HV transformers and all auxiliary systems.
Each Substation shall be fed via 230/13.8kV transformers and comprises the
following main equipment:
 230/13.8kV step-down power transformers (each 100% rated).
 13.8kV double ended, secondary selective switchgear to provide power
distribution to Unit Substations.
 13.8kV double ended, secondary selective switchgear to provide power
distribution to large HV motors.
 13.8kV switchgear dedicated to security systems power (SS-MS1 only).
 480V double ended, secondary selective switchgear and controlgear to
provide power to LV auxiliary loads associated with the Main Substation.
Located adjacent to the Main Substations will be a diesel generator to to
provide power to essential consumers, and a diesel generator dedicated to
security systems.

4.3 Unit Substations

The Unit Substations shall be designed to supply power to the Process Units,
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
 13.8/4.16kV step down power transformers.
 13.8/0.48kV step down power transformers.
 4.16kV double ended, secondary selective switchgear.
 4.16kV controlgear (MCCs) to provide power to medium sized motors.
 480V double ended, secondary selective switchgear.
 480V controlgear (MCCs) to provide power to LV motors and other LV
loads.
 Diesel generator to provide power to essential consumers.
The number of diesel generators shall be optimized by the Contractor as part of
Detail Design, taking into account substation locations and the connected
essential loads.

5. OPERATION OF THE POWER SYSTEM

5.1 Human Operation of the Power System

The main point of control for the TGP power system shall be in the Central
Control Room (CCR). A dedicated HMI computer unit/server shall be installed
in the CCR. This HMI shall operate the power distribution control system and
have the following features:
 Desk-top multi-colour screen and key board.
 Printer.
 Server.
 Interface to/from the Process Control System PCS.
 Interchange information and control commands with the various main
substations.
 Display of single line diagrams and key variables such as, voltages,
currents, active power, reactive power, kilo-volt-amperes, system
frequency, switchroom internal temperatures.
 Display of equipment open, close, trip and out-of-service status.
 Annunciation of warnings and alarms.
 Archiving, logging, time-stamping of events.
It shall be possible to transfer control to each substation as required for local
operation and maintenance.
Local substation control shall be carried out at an ‘operations desk’ located
adjacent to the personnel entrance door. Each operation desk shall have an
HMI like the one in the Central Control Building, but with less scope of control.

5.2 Normal Operation

The 230kV switchgear T80-GIS-SG-701 comprises three incomers (3x50%)

connected to a GIS line-up configured as ‘breaker-and-a-half’, with outgoing
feeders bus-connected between each allocated pair of breakers.
Normal operation is with all three incomers energised and all breakers and
disconnect switches in the normally closed position.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
fault conditions, the remaining two feeders will be able to support 100% of the
TGP load and the plant should remain functioning as normal.

5.4 13.8kV, 4.16kV and LV Switchgear Operating Scenarios

The normal switching operations of the 13.8kV, 4.16kV and lower voltage
switchgear shall be conventional ‘secondary selective’ as summarised below:
 Normal operation of double-ended switchgear is with both incomers
closed and the bus sectionalizer open.
 Abnormal operation shall be allowed where one incomer is in service
and the bus sectionalizer closed.
 Transfer from normal to abnormal system configuration would occur
only during loss of power to an incomer after verifying that there is no
bus fault (utilizing the automatic transfer system).
 Manual transfer shall also be possible in the form of make-before-
break so that there is no loss of supply to a busbar.
 The transfer system shall not permit sustained operation with both
incomers and the bus sectionalizer closed.
MCCs fed from upstream switchgear shall be single-ended, i.e. have a
single incoming feeder.

6. SHUTDOWN AND STARTING

6.1 Planned Shutdown

During a planned and controlled shutdown, the power distribution equipment

would remain energised. It should not be necessary to take any distribution
equipment out of service when the gas production is stopped.
Should it become necessary to de-energise distribution equipment, then the
procedure would include:
 Bringing into service emergency generators (providing essential power
distribution via emergency MCCs).
 Transferring critical and essential loads.
 Non-essential low voltage consumers would then be disconnected.
 Low voltage switchgear would then be disconnected.
 Finally, high voltage switchgear would be disconnected starting with
feeders and then incomers.

6.2 Unplanned Shutdown (Blackout)

In the event of a plant blackout it shall be necessary to obtain power from

emergency diesel generators. These shall be started up automatically after the
loss of voltage has been detected. The process systems shall be designed to
fail-safe in the event of total power loss.
Since power to control systems is provided through UPSs, control and
monitoring shall remain active in event of total main power loss.
To ride through a partial failure of the system the emergency MCCs shall be
connected to both a normal power source and emergency generator by means
of an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and an auto-synchronising control
system for the emergency generator.
Double-ended switchgear shall be provided with an automatic transfer control
scheme. For details refer to 16-SAMSS-502 and 16-SAMMS-504.
The output relays of the automatic transfer control scheme shall be used for
tripping and closing the circuits breakers and to provide annunciation to the
PSA.
Normally the main busbar is fed by two closed incomer circuit breakers. The
bus sectionalizer circuit breaker is normally open.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Each busbar in any switchgear shall be provided with an under-voltage
protective relay IEEE type 27. Upon detection of a loss of voltage the relay
shall trip the incoming circuit breaker to the offending busbar and lock it out of
service until it is safe to manually reclose the incoming circuit breaker.

6.3 Emergency Generators

There is one emergency diesel generator (EDG) per substation to feed the critical
and essential services of each substation (number of EDGs to be optimized by
the Contractor as part of Detail Design).

All emergency loads shall be regarded as essential loads. These essential loads
shall be connected to an appropriate emergency MCC in the nearest substation
to the loads. Each emergency MCC shall receive power from two sources, one
being the normal supply from an upstream switchgear and the other being from a
local EDG. An ATS system shall be used to start-up the EDG and energise the
emergency MCCs. The ATS system shall be supported by a selectable
‘Auto/Manual’ switch option.

The EDG shall be sized to supply all the essential loads plus a marginal factor,
and be capable of direct-on-line (DOL) starting the largest individual essential
induction motor, in addition to the base load running, subject to the permissible
limits of volt-drop for starting motors.

6.4 Emergency Power Distribution

The emergency power system shall be provided to supply the essential

services and loads to ensure safe shut down of the TGP facilities. The words
‘emergency’ and ‘essential’ should be read as being interchangeable. All
facilities that require essential power, in accordance with Saudi Aramco
Standards, shall be connected to an emergency power source (the diesel
generators described above). This includes but is not limited to:
 Process loads required for safe shutdown.
 Process Interface Buildings (PIBs).
 Emergency lighting.
 Instrument UPS supplies.
 Building pressurisation systems.
 SSD fence lighting.
The SAES-O-207 Ref [16] requires a stand-alone emergency power system
for SSD fence lighting, supplied from a dedicated emergency diesel generator
which is provided as part of the Main Substation equipment.

6.5 Start-up

For a start-up scenario the procedure would include:

 Energising essential services by starting and running the emergency
diesel generators.
 Ensuring availability of at least two incoming feeders to the TGP 230kV
substation.
 Energisation of the 13.8kV distribution system.
 Energisation of low voltage switchgear for priority utility loads needed
to provide life-safety systems, habitation, communications, lighting,
small power, security facilities and UPS supplies.
 Offload essential utility loads from the EDGs to the normal supply.
 Bringing into service the production facilities.

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
There is no requirement for bulk power factor correction to be applied at
distribution level. Reactive power from synchronous machines is available for
regulating power factor, system voltages and minimising transformer tap
range.

7.2 Saudi Arabian Grid Code Requirements

The TGP 230kV GIS Substation is connected to the wider Saudi Electricity
Company (SEC) transmission system via the TGP 380kV SEC GIS
Substation. The key electrical SEC transmission system characteristics and
grid connection code requirements are detailed in the following sections. In the
case of any conflicts or omissions the Saudi Grid Code and grid connection
agreement shall take precedence.

7.3 Voltage Levels

The power system has several rated line-to-line voltage levels as shown in
SAES-P-100 Ref [4]. The voltages are (AC) 230kV, 13.8kV, 4.16kV, 480V,
400/230 V, 120 V, and (DC) 125Vdc, 48Vdc and 24Vdc.

7.4 Voltage Quality

The phase rotation of the SEC power system is Red-Yellow-Blue, counter-

clockwise, when viewed from the drive end of motors.
In accordance with the SEC Grid Code the voltage at the Point of Common
Coupling shall remain within the nominal values as stated in Ref [6] and shown
below in Table 1.

Table 2: Voltage Variation Limits from SEC Grid Code

Nominal Normal 30-minute

7.5 Repetitive
voltage range Over-voltage Voltage
Fluctuations
Due 230kV ± 5% + 10% to TGP

Repetitive
voltage fluctuations imposed at 230kV due to load changes within TGP shall
not exceed 1% of the nominal voltage for repetitive step changes. These
voltage changes may be due to thyristor controlled heaters employing burst
firing. Studies shall be undertaken to demonstrate that plant is operating within
limits.

7.6 Non-repetitive Voltage Fluctuations Due to TGP

Non-repetitive voltage changes due to motor starting, transformer energization

and cable charging current shall be considered. Studies shall be undertaken to
determine the magnitude of the voltage disturbance throughout the site due to
motor starting, transformer energization and cable energisation.
Step voltage changes shall not exceed up to 3% (at any voltage level).

7.7 Voltage Flicker Severity

The flicker severity at the PCC required by The Saudi Arabian Grid Code Ref
[6] shall not exceed the perceptibility limits of short-term Pst = 0.8 and long-
term Plt = 0.6, both 95th percentile values measured over a period of one
week. The definitions and descriptions of these quantities are given in ANSI
C84.1-2016 Ref [7].

7.8 Harmonic Distortion

Levels of harmonic voltage and current distortion at 230kV shall comply with
the Saudi Grid Code. Levels of harmonic voltage and current distortion shall
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
ETAP harmonic studies shall be carried out to confirm that the system design
complies with Saudi Grid Code (Ref 6).

7.9 Frequency Variation

The nominal frequency of the SEC transmission system is 60Hz. This

frequency shall normally vary over time by small amounts due to changes in
active power consumption within the SEC system, including the variable
loading of the TGP. Frequency limits are given in Table 1 of The Saudi Grid
Code Ref [6] and repeated below in Table 2.

Table 2: Frequency Variation Limits from SEC Grid Code

Below Nominal Above Nominal Operational

Frequency(Hz) Frequency(Hz) Requirement
58.8 - 60.0 60.0 – 60.5 Continuous
57.5 – 58.7 60.6 – 61.5 30 minutes
57.0 – 57.4 61.6 – 62.5 30 seconds

7.10 Power Exchange Between TGP and the SEC system

The design of the Tanajib Gas Plant shall be in accordance with Saudi Grid
Code requirements, with all connected loads considered together at the SEC
380kV BSP.
The TGP is a net consumer of active power because it has no main HV
generators. However, the TGP shall be an importer and an exporter of reactive
power and the extent of either shall be a function of the MVA loading at any
sample time-period.
The minimum lagging power factor at the PCC is specified as 0.95 lagging, but
limits on the export of reactive power from the TGP shall be determined in the
detailed design phase. This will require automatic control of the reactive profile
of the synchronous motors.

7.11 Fault Clearance Times for the SEC System

The fault clearance times of the SEC switchgear are given in Table 3 of Ref [6]
and repeated below in Table 3

Table 3: Fault Clearance Times from SEC Grid Code

Nominal Voltage Fault Clearance

(kV) Times
(ms)
380kV
80
(Tanajib)

7.12 Fault Ride-through Requirements

If a fault occurs in the 380/230kV SEC Substation it shall be assumed to be

applied only on one of the three circuit feeders to the TGP 230kV GIS
Substation.
The fault may be, for example, line-to-ground, line-to-line-to-ground, line-to-
line, line-to-line-to-line-to-ground, line-to-line-to-line or an open circuit line.
The protective relays shall operate in the following sequence as outlined in
Table 4.
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Time Description
From 0 Cycle to 20 cycles The upstream SEC 380kV circuit breaker shall
detect the fault and open. The downstream TGP
230kV breaker will also open.
At 20 cycles The fault is cleared and the feeder de-energised.

From 20 cycles to 10 The plant shall continue at the same level of gas
seconds. production, but receiving its power from only two
feeders.
Beyond 10 seconds The faulted line shall be investigated, reinstated
and made available to be switched-in to the system,
unless severe damage has occurred.

The TGP 230kV GIS Substation has switchgear in a breaker-and-a-half

configuration, operating with all breakers and disconnect switches in the
normally closed position, and both buses energised. A faulted incomer shall be
isolated by the opening of the two adjacent breakers at its connection point
and no other action takes place.
The remaining TGP power distribution system uses secondary-selective
switchgear. An ATS shall transfer from normal to abnormal system
configuration only during loss of power to an incomer after verifying that there
is no bus fault.

7.13 Short Circuit Levels

Table 5: Short Circuit Levels at 380/230kV SEC Substation

3-Ph Fault LG Fault

Isym (kA) X/R Isym (kA) X/R

Minimum 30.1 22 30.7 17

Ultimate 51.1 25.3 46.5 16.6

The above tabulated figures take into account the Cogen contribution.

8. MAINTAINABILITY

The power system shall be designed to be easily and safely operated and
maintained.
Switchrooms shall be designed with adequate separation space between
switchgear and from surrounding walls. Spacings shall take account of the
need to replace a complete switchgear cubicle, move a truck around the room
on a trolley, and be well clear of access and emergency exit doors. Double
door access shall be provided in the most convenient location in the
switchroom.
Clearances shall be per SAES-P-116 section 7.2. A clearance of 1.8m shall be
allowed above electrical equipment.

9. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES

9.1 Studies Required

Studies shall be carried out using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program,
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 Load flow.
 Short circuit.
 Arc flash.
 Motor start.
 Harmonic analysis.
 Power factor correction.
 Switching transient analysis and insulation coordination.
 Relay coordination.
The Cogen is not included in the Scope of Work for TGP BI-10-09003 and so
the Transient Stability Analysis of the turbine-generator units is not required.
However, the transient stability analysis of the turbine-generator units shall
need to be carried out by the contractor assigned to the Cogen BI-10-12264
(Ref [4], SAES-P-100, 7.7.1). The overall integrated ETAP model for the
Marjan development will include relevant data from the Cogen contractor
analysis.
During the detailed engineering phase of the project all detailed electrical
studies shall be performed by the EPC Contractor in accordance with SAES-
P-100 in two phases:
 Shortly after commencing the detail design and using the preliminary data
and information after obtaining quotations from equipment manufacturers.
 Towards the end of the detail design phase after the final manufacturers’
data and information has been received.

9.2 Load Flow Analysis

This will analyse kW, kvar, kVA and Ampere flows in branches and nodal
points such as at switchgear. The total consumption at the SEC 380kV GIS
Substation shall also be given assessed.
The load flow studies shall show system voltages under normal/abnormal
operating conditions, normal load, peak load and low load. Equipment duties
shall be compared to ratings to demonstrate suitability. Tap change ranges
shall be determined and the settings of fixed tap transformers nominated. The
rating of transformers and HV cables shall be checked taking account of
maximum site temperature. Appropriate impedance tolerances (transformers)
and length tolerances (cables) shall be used.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100, 7.6.1.

9.3 Short Circuit Analysis

The study of short-circuits shall include three-phase and line-to-ground zero-

impedance faults applied at all the main switchgear, and at sensitive points if
earlier results are critical, e.g. due to fault clearance times of switchgear. Short
circuit levels at the TGP 230kV GIS Substation shall be calculated based on
the contributions from all plant connected at 230kV, including Zuluf 600AH
Increment Scope BI-10-12321.
Short circuit levels shall be calculated by summing contributions from SEC and
TOP (380kV), Zuluf (230kV) and TGP connected plant. Since 230kV
switchgear shall be specified to IEC standards, and 13.8kV and below
switchgear/controlgear shall be specified to ANSI standards, studies shall be
performed to IEC and ANSI standards respectively.
Maximum and minimum short circuit level data (including ground faults) shall
be used as input data for protection studies and arc flash studies.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100, 7.6.2.

9.4 Arc Flash Analysis

An initial arc flash analysis shall be performed using ‘typical’ protection

operating times and the expected range of short circuit levels. Arc flash
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Arc flash studies shall consider all the equipment listed in SAES-P-100,
7.8.3.1. Studies shall follow the procedure in SABP-P-051 ‘Arc Flash Analysis
Procedure using ETAP Software’, and SABP-P-041 ‘Guidelines for Conducting
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis’.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.6.3.

9.5 Motor Starting and Volt-drop Analysis

Initially the effect of direct-on-line (DOL) starting of the largest induction or

synchronous motor shall be determined by a static model using ‘locked rotor’
data of the motors. As data becomes available high voltage motor models
shall be developed, including modelling of torque-speed curves of loads.
Starting times shall be compared to manufacturer’s expectations. Starting
times, voltage reductions and starting currents shall be used as input data to
protection studies. Should excessive voltage reductions occur during stating,
then different motor designs shall be explored including using motors with
lower starting currents. Dynamic motor models shall be used for calculating
the contribution to short circuit currents.
At each low voltage switchgear and MCC the largest motor shall be modelled
for starting. Low voltage motors shall be modelled as ‘static’ loads.
The starting of motors by diesel generators shall be considered. Diesel
generator manufacturer data shall be used to assess the highest rating of
motor that a selected generator can start.
Where it is necessary to use some form of assisted motor starting, ETAP or
other studies shall be used to confirm that the method selected shall have no
undue effect on the power system.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.6.4.

9.6 Transient Stability Study

The Cogen is not included in the Scope of Work for TGP BI-10-09003 and so
the transient stability analysis of the turbine-generator units is not required.
However, the transient stability analysis of the turbine-generator units shall
need to be carried out by the Cogeneration BOOT Contractor.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.7.1.

9.7 Harmonic Penetration Analysis

Resonance at harmonic frequencies caused by shunt capacitance of

transmission components such as power cables, filters (which are part of
proprietary equipment) and OHTLs shall be investigated and reported. If such
evidence occurs then methods of mitigation shall be studied, compared and
recommendations made. The development of the mitigation into detail design
and specification shall be undertaken by the EPC Contractor.
It is possible that ‘adjustable frequency drives (AFDs)’ may be required for
process reasons. The EPC contractor shall carry out ETAP harmonic studies
to confirm that the system design complies with Saudi Grid Code Ref [6].
Magnitudes of harmonic currents and voltages at the switchgear where the
source of harmonics originate: there may be several sources, not necessarily
all at the same switchgear, e.g. a group of large motors, however it can be
assumed that they shall all function at the same time.
Penetration of harmonic currents and voltages into the Tanajib 380kV GIS
Substation: since there will be multiple sources of harmonics, each source
shall be considered separately and their total impact quantified.
Harmonic studies shall include the heating effects on transformers due to
harmonic current and calculation of appropriate de-rating.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.7.2.

9.8 Power Factor Correction Study

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Due to the presence at TGP of large synchronous motors, it is anticipated that
separate power factor correction equipment will not be required as the reactive
power profile of the synchronous motors can be utilised should this be
necessary.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.7.3.

9.9 Switching Transient Analysis, Insulation Coordination

The TGP power distribution system shall be designed to mitigate against

excessive transient over-voltages. A switching transient analysis and
insulation coordination study shall be performed to investigate the effects of
switching transients, and to confirm the location and rating of surge arresters.
This shall utilise actual equipment data where available.
ETAP does not have a switching transient analysis module, as such a third
party shall be contracted to undertake these studies utilising PSCAD software.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.7.4

9.10 Relay Coordination Study

A preliminary relay coordination study shall be performed as mandated in

section 4 of SAES-P-114 Ref [9].
This preliminary study shall analyse the protective relay settings from 380kV
switchgear level down to 13.8kV switchgear level, based on typical relay and
equipment selections.
The final relay coordination study to produce settings for site implementation
shall be part of the EPC contractor scope for detail design.
Ref [4], SAES-P-100 7.7.5.

9.11 Electrical System Modelling

9.11.1 Transformer Impedances

Section 7.4 in SAES-P-100 requires the following aspects to be included in the

studies: unless the actual impedance of a transformer is known from the
transformer tests, 7.5% transformer impedance tolerance shall be used so that
the specified design impedance is increased by 7.5% for load flow and motor
starting calculations, and decreased by 7.5% for short circuit calculations.
Final detail design studies shall be performed based on data from factory
tests.

9.11.2 Cables and Transmission Lines

Cable and transmission line design lengths shall be increased by 20% for load
flow studies and reduced by 20% for short circuit studies.
The maximum conductor resistances shall be used for load flow studies and
minimum conductor resistances shall be used for short circuit studies.
Final detail design studies shall be performed using ‘as-installed’ length and
cable data.

10. GROUNDING OF STAR-POINTS AND NEUTRALS

10.1 SEC 380/230kV Transformer Neutral Grounding

The SEC system is solidly grounded. The magnitude of ground fault currents
at Tanajib 380kV GIS Substation are given in section 7.13. The clearance
times of the SEC switchgear are given in section 7.11.
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The 230kV rated transmission system shall be designed to be grounded
effectively with a ground fault factor of less than 1.4 (line-to-ground). Power
system studies shall be undertaken to ensure that this is achieved.

10.3 13.8kV Switchgear

The 13.8kV switchgear shall be resistance grounded at the star point of the
secondary windings of the associated feeder transformer. The resistor shall
restrict the line-to-ground fault current to 400A amps and shall have a thermal
withstand time of 10 seconds.

10.4 4.16kV Switchgear

The 4.16kV switchgear shall be resistance grounded at the star point of the
secondary windings of the associated feeder transformer. The resistor shall
restrict the line-to-ground fault current to 400A and shall have a thermal
withstand time of 10 seconds.

10.5 Three-phase 480V Switchgear

The 480V switchgear shall be solidly grounded at the star point of the
secondary windings of the associated feeder transformer. The busbar system
for the 480V switchgear shall be 3-wire, so no neutral busbar is required in the
switchgear.

10.6 Generators, Transformers and LV Systems in General

The grounding of the neutral (star) points of generators, transformers, 3-wire

and 4-wire supplies is summarised in Table 1 in SAES-P-100 Ref [4].
All system and plant grounding shall be in accordance with SAES-P-111 Ref
[9] and NFPA 70 Ref [10]. Substation grounding shall be to IEEE 80.
System grounding connections shall be made directly to the grounding
electrode (rod).

11. GROUND GRID DESIGN

11.1 Solidly Grounded Systems <1000V

Where a system of rods and a grid is used the ‘resistance to ground’ shall not
exceed 5 ohms.
The neutral conductor shall be rated for 3 seconds fault duration.

11.2 Impedance Grounded Systems >1000V

Where a system of rods and a grid is used the ‘resistance to ground’ shall not
exceed 5 Ω.
For industrial facilities the grounding impedance shall be a resistor rated at
400 amps and 10 seconds.
The neutral conductor shall be rated for 10 seconds fault duration.

11.3 Solidly Grounded Systems >1000V

Where a system of rods and a grid is used the ‘resistance to ground’ shall not
exceed one ohm.
The neutral conductor shall be rated for 3 seconds fault duration.

11.4 Grounding Grids, Rods, Step and Touch Potentials

Where a grounding grid and rod system is required, e.g. in and surrounding a
substation, the calculations and design shall be based on IEEE 80 Ref [14].
Initially the calculations shall be based on only using a grid without rods. If the
results are unsatisfactory then rods shall be added to the grid nodes to obtain
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All electrical equipment in the substation and its yard, and within 5 metres of
the substation boundary fence shall be connected to the grid or to a
substantial ground bus connected to the grid.
The IEEE 80 Ref [14] shall be used to design the ‘grid and rod’ grounding
system for the substation, its yard and the nearby fencing.
The Saudi Aramco SABP-P-045 Ref [14a], which is like SEC standard SES-P-
119.10 Ref [14b], sets out a guideline method of calculation for grounding grid
design. The results of this method and those of the full IEEE 80 standard
should be compared for checking purposes.
To calculate the step and touch potentials the weight of the human body shall
be taken as 50 kg, see sections 6 and 8.4 of IEEE 80.

11.6 Grid Conductor Cross-section

The conductors of the grid mesh shall be made of stranded copper having a
minimum cross-section of 70 mm2 (2/0 AWG).
If the soil resistivity is less than 70 ohm-metres the copper conductors shall be
tinned.

11.7 TGP Bulk Distribution and Industrial Areas

All grounding electrodes in these facilities within a common site shall be

interconnected to form a single ground system. The grounding electrode used
for system grounding (including separately derived systems) for each area in
the facility or plant shall have a minimum of two connections to the ground or
two connections to the ground loop used in the area This requirement can be
met by connections to the grounding electrode of the substation(s) which
supplies the area.

11.8 Backup Protective Relay Protection

The back-up protective relay protection device shall operate to clear a fault
within 0.5 second. Two fault situations shall be used and the worst-case
current applied to the design of the grid and rod system:
 Line-to-line-to-ground (L-L-G).
 Symmetrical line-to-line-to-line-to-ground (L-L-L-G).

11.9 Current Division Factor

A Current Division Factor (Sf) of 1.0 per-unit shall be used unless a lower
figure is justified. See section 15.9 in IEEE 80. A lower figure may be justified
if a significant portion of the current returns to source through the ground wire
of a OHTL.

11.10 Resistivity of Surface Soil

The resistivity of the surface material used for preliminary calculations of the
allowable step and touch potentials shall be based on Tables 7 and 8 in
IEEE 80. Soil resistivity measurements shall be undertaken in accordance with
IEEE80 ‘Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding’.
A Geotechnical survey shall be made at each substation in accordance with
IEEE 81, to obtain soil resistivity data. This shall form part of the survey for the
civil works.
Data shall be obtained at an early stage of the project from a site survey of
actual measurements. The calculations shall then be repeated for the
allowable step and touch potentials.

11.11 Grounding Earth Rods for Test Purposes

Should design calculations show that no ground earth rods are required to
achieve maximum resistances, grounding earth rods shall nonetheless be
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11.13 Ground Grid Study

See Ref [4], 7.6.7.

11.14 Lightning Protection Study

See Ref [4], 7.6.7.

These analyses and studies shall be completed with reports that include at
least: assumptions made, data used, references, tabular and graphical results,
observations, recommendations and conclusions.

12. GROUNDING OF METALLIC COMPONENTS

Equipment grounding shall be based on the I2t fault withstand capability of the
bonding conductors to be used and the upstream rated fault level of the
switchgear that feeds the circuit. The basis of grounding shall be SAES-P-111
Ref [9]. The upstream fault level shall be the ‘Ultimate’ short circuit level. The
duration shall be that of back-up protection operating time.
Equipment grounding covers:
 Substation metal-clad enclosures and items such as gantry and tower
steel structures, sub-surface grids and rods, fencing and lightning
protection.
 Bonding of power cable armouring and screens (shields): SAES-P-111,
9.8 requires shields and armour of power cables to be grounded at both
ends; continuity at splices shall be maintained by bonding across the
splice; for circuits with single core cables, circulating currents and
associated potential rise shall be minimised; cable shields, sheaths,
joints, braided leads, and grounding bonds shall be rated for the
maximum currents including motor acceleration periods.
 Bonding of in-plant items such as cable racking, tanks and vessels,
piping, motor and generator frames, electrical cubicles and panel-
boards, equipment skids that include electrically energized components.
The grounding conductor in each power circuit shall be made of copper
material.
Grounding and bonding of cable racks and trays shall be sized in accordance
with NEC Table 250-66 Ref [12] and for the largest power conductor in the
rack or tray, but with a minimum size of 25 mm2 (#4 AWG).
Both ends of a conduit shall be bonded to a grounding conductor.
Metallic cable racks and trays shall be bonded to a local ground grid or ground
electrode at both end points. The bonding continuity of the ground circuit along
the full length of the rack or tray and its metallic supports shall be ensured.
For other requirements refer to Section 9 in SAES-P-111 Ref [9].

12.1 Frames of Motors, Generators and Transformers

Motors, generators and transformers operating at 1000V and above shall have
two bonding connections to the local grounding bar.
Motors, generators and transformers operating at a nominal voltage of 480V
shall have one bonding connection to the local grounding bar.
Motor Operated Valves (MOVs), low voltage motors and transformers shall be
grounded through the associated equipment grounding conductor.

12.2 Free-standing Equipment

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a) Panelboards, circuit breakers, switches, switchgear, switchracks, fuses,
motor controllers, push-button stations, and motor control centers.
b) Metal vessels, stacks, exchangers and similar equipment
c) Loading and unloading facilities.

12.3 Fence Grounding

Substation fences shall not be PVC coated. Each fence shall be grounded by
a minimum of two locations to the local ground grid mesh.
Attention shall be paid to the grounding of fences that enclose substations
which have solidly grounded equipment rated above 1000V line-to-line. The
bonding shall be made to a grounding conductor that is buried one metre
outside the fence and run parallel to the fence. A second conductor shall be
buried one metre inside the fence, also run parallel to the fence if the
substation grid does not extend into this area.
The grounding conductor(s) shall be connected to the substation ground grid
at a minimum of four locations spaced equally around the loop or mesh.
The fence shall be connected to the grounding conductor(s) at intervals not
exceeding 15m.
Corner posts and gateposts shall be connected to the grounding conductor.
Gates shall be bonded to the gateposts using flexible conductors.
Grillwork and gates used to control access to the area under a substation shall
meet the bonding and grounding requirements for substation fencing.
For non-substation fencing refer to section 11.2 in SAES-P-111 Ref [9].

12.4 Tanks, Lightning Protection and Static Electricity

For these subjects refer to sections 12, 13 and 14 in SAES-P-111 [Ref 9].

12.5 Grounding Electrodes for Non-Process Facilities

Non-process areas including maintenance buildings, control building,

workshops, stores and office buildings, shall grounded be in accordance with
the NEC with the following exceptions:
 For reinforcing bar and structural steel, see 7.1.1 of SAES-P-111
Ref [9].
 If a concrete-encased electrode is used then the electrode must be
made of copper.
 For rod and pipe electrodes see 7.1.3 of SAES-P-111 Ref [9].
 For supplementary electrodes see 7.2 of SAES-P-111 Ref [9] and
NEC 250-54 Ref [15].
 Conductors used for interconnecting ground rods shall be sized to
70 mm2 (2/0 AWG).

13. ELECTRICAL LOAD SCHEDULE

13.1 Content and Use

Each motor and static load shall be detailed in the Electrical Load Schedule.
This schedule shall be regularly updated throughout the duration of the
project. The electrical information in the Electrical Load Schedule shall be
used as the base data for sizing the main electrical equipment, as outlined
below. Various factors in the headings of the schedule have the upper-case
letters, A, B, C, D, E, F and G. These letters are explained below.
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mechanical efficiency of the driven machine. For machines less than 900 HP
the efficiency can be taken as 70%. Above 900 HP the efficiency can be taken
as 80%. The absorbed load (mechanical) is the hydraulic power divided by the
efficiency.
The nameplate rating of the motor, lettered B, is derived from Table 6.

Table 6: Motor Uprating Factors for Different Ranges of Motor Rating

Nameplate Rating Motor Uprating Factor,

per-unit

Less than 22kW or 30HP 1.25

22kW to 55kW or 30HP to 75HP 1.15

Greater than 55kW or 75HP 1.10

The nameplate rating, lettered B, is the absorbed load (mechanical) multiplied

by the uprating factor and the nearest IEC or NEMA rating above the
calculated value is chosen such that:
Hydraulic HP < Absorbed (Mechanical) HP < Nameplate (Electrical) HP.
The ratio A/B is called the Load Factor, lettered C.
The Electrical group determines the efficiency, lettered D, and the power factor
of the motor at the load factor C from the data available from the motor
manufacturer.
The continuous electrical kW consumed load, lettered E, is determined by the
Electrical group as E = A / D.
The continuous reactive power kvar is found by using the power factor and the
active power, kvar = kW . tan φ. Where φ is the power factor angle, and kW is
the figure derived as lettered E.
Note that for the detail design stage, the EPC Contractor shall be responsible
for all motor sizing to suit process requirements and selected equipment
requirements, with input from vendors.

13.3 Electrical Load Schedule (Normal Loads)

Sizing of the electrical system shall be based upon using 110% of the sum of
the operating loads plus all known future loads.
Operating load shall be equal to the anticipated one-hour demand based on
the plant design conditions.
An Electrical Load Schedule of all electrical loads segregated by each
switchgear shall be maintained so that the individual incoming demands and
the total TGP demand can be calculated, based on the anticipated one-hour
demand. The list shall include all major items of process plant plus any
electrical power required for the general utilities and communication systems.
The following formula shall be used for each load to determine the anticipated
one-hour demand:
a) Maximum normal running plant load = x (%) E + y (%) F.
b) Anticipated one-hour demand = x (%) E + y (%) F + z (%) G

Alternatively,
c) Anticipated one-hour demand = x (%) E + y (%) F + load due the highest
rated standby load
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
x, y and z are duty cycle (diversity) factors, given numerically below
in Table 8 as default values.
The greater of b) or c) is used for calculating the peak load. This applies to both
busbar loads and the total plant load.
These values shall be determined and agreed with the Company for the
diversity appropriate to the type of plant.
The values of the diversity factors x, y and z must take account of the
individual drives or consumers which make up the continuous, intermittent and
stand-by loads respectively. For example, y (%) and z (%) cannot be less than
the largest individual intermittent drive or consumer.
Diversity factors are shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Diversity Factors

Factor Definition
100% [For rated plant throughput all driven equipment should
x
be operating at its duty point. However, some diversity may
need to be applied to non-process loads, e.g. offices and
workshop power and lighting (typically 90%)].
y 30% Intermittent loads

z 10% Standby loads

A separate load summary, or sub-total, within the Electrical Load Schedule

shall be prepared for each switchgear and MCC. These sub-totals of kW, kvar
and kVA shall be carried forward to form totals. The totals shall be shown in
the ‘Peak Summary’ sheet of the Electrical Load Schedule. The total of all
switchgear and MCC loads shall be used to arrive at the maximum normal
running and anticipated one-hour demand for each substation and to
determine the plant overall load for the Tanajib Gas Plant.
The resulting load summation shall be validated during the load flow system
modelling to reconfirm equipment sizing and selection.
For the detail design phase, the final value of the summated mega-volt-
amperes (MVA) at the end of the EPC work shall include a 10% allowance for
future additions of equipment.

13.4 Electrical Load Schedule (Essential Loads)

The essential system shall be sized to provide power to cater for emergency
loads when a loss of normal power occurs. The word ‘essential’ and ‘emergency’
are regarded as having the same definition. The emergency generators shall
supply all the essential loads, and individual diesel engine kW rating shall be
sized to:

 Ensure motor loads can be started in the sequence determined by process

requirements; and

 Provide their maximum continuous power during the period when the site
ambient temperature is at its highest expected value as given in Table 2 of
SAES-P-100 Ref [4].

Emergency generation for security systems shall be provided by a dedicated

emergency generator and shall include 20% spare capacity as per SAES-O-207
Ref [16] section 3.3.

Loads supplied by essential power shall be determined as per SAES-P-100

Ref [4] section 5.6 and relevant process requirements.
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Peak essential loads (and hence the rating of essential power supply
equipment) shall be determined on the same basis as for the normal plant
loads.

13.5 Critical, Essential, Emergency and Vital Loads

The various SAES documents refer to ‘critical’, ‘essential’, ‘emergency’ and

‘vital’ loads. Each of these types has a definite meaning, which is summarised
below:
a) Critical Load.
Critical loads are associated with critical process functions and equipment
located in hazardous areas. These loads would be rapidly shut-down in
the event of fire or gas detection. These loads shall be determined in
conjunction with process discipline engineers.

 Where a single contingency failure could cause a loss of power that

would create an immediate hazard to human life.
 Security systems classified in SAES-O-207.
 Which cannot be shut-down for a minimum of five consecutive days
annually for scheduled maintenance on upstream power supply
equipment.
 Deemed to be critical by the Oil Supply Planning and Scheduling
Department, OSPAS.

b) Essential and Emergency Loads.

Essential and Emergency loads are the same and the two words can be
used interchangeably. In general, the emergency generator feeds the
essential loads. Typical loads are:

 Potable water pumps.

 Instrument air compressors and their auxiliaries.
 Diesel fuel transfer pumps.
 Emergency generator auxiliaries.
 Control room supplies.
 Computer UPS feeders.
 Emergency radio and public-address systems.
 Fire pump auxiliaries.
 Anticondensation heaters for motors and switchgear (if fitted).
 Emergency lighting systems.

c) Vital Loads.
Vital loads are a sub-set of critical loads and are those associated with
site security systems. These loads are as defined by the Saudi Arabian
Government High Commission for Industrial Security. Refer to SAES-O-
202 Ref [17].

13.6 DC Systems and AC Uninterruptible Power Systems

The DC systems and AC UPSs shall be designed and specified in accordance

with Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards. These systems shall be installed
close to where their loads are, i.e.:

 Switchrooms in the substations.

 Central Control Building (CCB).
 Process Interface Buildings (PIBs).
 Telecoms.
 Flare ignition packages.

The UPS configuration shall be based on the criticality of the consumers, e.g.
where a fully dual redundant system with manual bypass is justified.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
 The Load Factor C = 0.9 and calculates the Absorbed Power A =
11.1kW.
 The Efficiency D = 0.9, an assumed Power Factor of 0.9 (between say
0.9 and 1.0)
 Finally calculates the continuous kW = 12.3 and kvar = 6.0.
The result of these calculations is two-fold,
i) The rated active power of the lighting system is 10kW.
ii) The continuously consumed power is 12.3kW.
For other static loads the Instrument, HVAC and Telecommunications groups
may need to provide input data.

14. ELECTRIC MOTORS

Electric motors shall be selected in accordance with SAES-P-113 Ref [18],

which permits NEC, NEMA MG 1 and IEC 60034 classifications to be used.
Motors for use in hazardous areas shall conform to the ‘Zone 1’, ‘Zone 2’ and
‘non-hazardous’ categories. Zone 2 motors shall confirm to IEEE 841.
The ambient temperature of 50⁰C shall be used in specifying all motors and
generators.
Section 5.6 of SAES-P-113 Ref [18] requires all motors to be sized on their 1.0
service factor rating.
Partial discharge equipment consisting of capacitive couplers, output signal
wires, and auxiliary PD signal terminal box, shall be installed on all 13.2 kV
and above rated motors as per 17-SAMSS-502 and 520.
Table 8 below provides a summary of the motor selection for the TGP project.

Table 8: Selection of Induction and Synchronous Motors

Nominal Motor Number kW and Type Notes

System Nameplate of (HP) Note
Voltage Voltage phases 1
(Volts) (Volts)
230 220 1 up to 0.25 (0.34) --- ---

480 460 3 0.18 (0.25) to Ind 2

185 (250)

4160 4000 3 185 (250) to Ind ---

3000 (4000)

13800 13200 3 750 (1000) to Ind ---

< 7500 (10000)

13800 13200 3 7500 (10000) Syn ---

and above

Note 1: Ind for Induction, Syn for Synchronous.

Note 2: Dual voltage 230/460V are only acceptable for motors up to
30 HP.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Power transformers shall be sized from the calculations for the kVA flows
summated in the Electrical Load Schedule for the switchgear that they feed,
plus the kVA losses in their windings under the loading conditions in the
schedule. This shall be on the basis that each transformer in a double feeder
arrangement shall be capable of 100% of the total kVA load on the switchgear,
i.e. to cater for the abnormal operating situation where one feeder/transformer
is out of service.
The actual rating of the transformer shall be chosen from standard
manufacturers’ kVA ratings.
The site rating shall be based on 0.85 x the ONAN/ONAF rating at the nominal
ambient of 30OC.
In all cases the selected rating shall not be less than the load figure derived
from the Electrical Load Schedule including the 10% future allowance.
Section 6.1.6 of SAES-P-121 requires all transformers that have a rating of
2500kVA or larger to be oil-natural-air-forced (ONAF). In operation, staged
cooling shall be applied depending on the switchgear configuration, i.e. ONAN
for ‘bus tie open’ with both transformer feeders in service, and ONAF for ‘bus
tie closed’ with only one transformer feeder in service.
Transformer impedances shall be selected from the standard ANSI range.

15.2 Tap Changer Range for Transformers

There are two types of tap changers used in the TGP power system: manually
operated no-load tap changers (2 +/- 2.5%, 2 +/-5% taps) and automatic on-
load tap changers (33 taps with 0.625% steps). In this project, 230-13.8 kV
transformers shall have automatic on-load tap changers (connected to the
PSA), whereas 13.8-4.16 kV, 13.8-0.48 kV transformers shall have manual no-
load tap changers.
Unless otherwise stated in the Data Sheet for a distribution power transformer
the tappings shall be incorporated into the primary windings and shall have the
industry standard values of -5.0%, -2.5%, 0, +2.5% and +5.0%.
For HV transmission the transformers may require a wider range of finer
increments, e.g. 33 x 0.625% taps, which shall be stated in the Data Sheet.
The taps shall be incorporated into the higher voltage windings.
Tap settings shall be selected in line with the ETAP power system studies.

16. SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR (MCC)

16.1 230kV Switchgear Design

The 230kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) shall be to IEC standards (SEC
standard 32-TMSS-02 Gas Insulated Switchgear) with double gas tight seals.
In addition to seals between sections an overseal (a Straub seal or equivalent)
shall envelope the sections of switchgear.
GIS monitoring via data logging devices shall include:
 Gas pressure.
 Offline partial discharge.
The monitoring shall provide alarm and trip levels locally and to the PSA
system.
Maintenance, repair and extension of the GIS shall be possible with all feeders
in service.

16.2 13.8kV and 4.16kV HV Switchgear and Controlgear (MCCs)

13.8kV and 4.16kV high voltage switchgear and controlgaer shall be metal
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
16.3 480V LV Switchgear and Controlgear (MCCs)

Low voltage controlgear and switchgear assemblies shall be to ANSI

standards and shall comply with 16-SAMSS-503 and 16-SAMSS-502
respectively.
Measures shall be taken to limit arc flash energy to 8 Cal/cm2.

16.4 Busbar Fault Current Ratings in General

The fault current levels of the busbars in all the switchgear shall be calculated
for the worst-case situation when all three 230kV incomers are in service at
the TGP 230kV GIS Substation.
As per SEC standard TES-P-122-01, 230 kV GIS rating can be 50 or 63
kArms symmetrical.
The rated current levels shall be checked against the calculated values as part
of the System Studies in section 9.
Switchracks are low power items intended only for use in LV applications.
Their current rating shall be a maximum of 600 amps and a minimum of 125%
of the maximum operating load.
Switchgear and motor control centres shall be sized to include:
 The kVA and corresponding phase current determined in the Electrical
Load Schedule. The phase current shall be used to rate the incoming
circuit breakers, the bus sectionalizer circuit breaker and the busbars.
The chosen continuously rated current for these main items shall be the
next higher standard manufacturable values as quoted in the
international standards.
 The symmetrical and asymmetrical fault currents shall be derived from
the Short-circuit Studies outlined in section 9.
 The rated time duration for the rated symmetrical short-circuit withstand
current shall be as given in Table 9.

Table 9: Short-circuit Withstand Time for Switchgear

Nominal Short-circuit
voltage, volts
Withstand,
seconds

230000 1

13800 2

4160 2

480 0.5

16.5 Ringmain Units

The use of ring main units is restricted to non-industrial facilities. Section 19 of

SAES-P-116 Ref [8] describes where and how these units can be used. It is
envisaged that these will be used to feed SSD fence lighting.

17. SAFETY INTERLOCKING

17.1 Diagrams
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
 Interlocking and inter-tripping logic.
 Local control and remote-control devices.
 Measurements and indication devices.

17.2 Grounding Switches

A grounding switch shall be closed manually to ensure that its circuit is safely
grounded. An electrical or mechanical interlock shall be provided at the circuit
breaker, or its truck if it is a withdrawable breaker, to ensure that the breaker is
open and the circuit is not ‘live’.
Grounding switches shall be provided with pad-locking facilities.

17.3 Switchgear Shutters

All metal clad withdrawable HV circuit breakers shall be provided with shutters
to shield the live busbar spouts when the breaker is placed in its test position
or it is completely removed. The shutters shall be provided with pad-locking
facilities.

17.4 Circuit Breaker Test Position

All metal clad withdrawable HV and LV circuit breakers shall be provided with
a ‘test’ position, which is a withdrawn position. It shall be possible to manually
test the open and close functions of the breaker when it is in its test position.
When a breaker is in its operational position, it shall only be possible to close it
remotely.

17.5 Energising Transformers

When it is necessary to switch-on and energise a transformer an interlock

shall be provided that ensures that the secondary circuit breaker is open. The
primary circuit can then be closed. The secondary circuit can then be closed.

17.6 De-energising Transformers

The normal operation of opening and de-energising a transformer should be

by first opening the secondary circuit breaker and then opening the primary
circuit breaker.
If a protective relay in the secondary circuit detects a fault it should trip the
secondary circuit breaker. Immediately the breaker is open it should then send
a ‘back-tripping’ signal from the mechanism auxiliary 52b switch to trip the
primary circuit breaker.
If a protective relay in the primary circuit detects a fault it should trip the
primary circuit breaker. Immediately the breaker is open it should then send a
‘back-tripping’ signal from the mechanism auxiliary 52b switch to trip the
secondary circuit breaker.

18. CABLEBUS

Cablebus shall be used for the 13.8kV, 4.16kV and 480V connections between
the secondary windings of the transformers and their downstream switchgear.
The rating of cablebus shall be based on the rating calculated and
subsequently chosen for the switchgear incomer circuit breakers, the bus
sectionalizer circuit breaker and the busbars.
A part of the cablebus shall be outdoors and subject to high summer ambient
temperatures. This situation shall be addressed by suitably de-rating the
ampacity data from manufacturers, and shall be confirmed by the
manufacturers during the quotation stage of procurement.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
section 14.4 Ref [8] for situations where the cablebus needs to pass through a
wall, e.g. in a substation.

19. PROTECTIVE RELAYING AND METERING

19.1 General

SAES-P-114 Ref [9] shall be used as a primary reference.

The details of the protective relaying and metering shall be developed during the
detailed design phase and shall adhere to the requirements of Saudi Aramco for
the systems below 230kV and of SEC for the 230kV systems.

The notation of IEEE Standard C37.2 Ref [20], shall be used for all drawings and
documents that address the requirements of relay protection.

In general, the following requirements shall apply:

 The Saudi Aramco document SAES-P-114 Ref [9], shall be used as the
‘base case’ for selecting protective relays for the electrical switchgear and
Controlgear (MCCs).
 All relays shall be Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) types.
 All relays shall have a communications protocol based on the
requirements of IEC 61850 Ref [21].
Protection requirements for specific equipment is covered within the applicable
SAMSSs and the SAESs. The references listed in Section 3 of SAES-P-114
Ref [9] shall be used for additional guidance and explanations.
Protective relays may be of the multi-function type and may also include
metering functions, alarms and controls.
A main protection function shall be provided with a back-up function.
Where bus-zone protection is used, e.g. in 230kV breaker-and-a-half
switchgear, each element shall be over-lapped by an adjacent element.

19.2 Mandatory Standards and Policies

System and equipment protection shall conform to NFPA 70 Ref [10].

Protective device function number definitions and applications shall conform to
ANSI/IEEE C37.2 Ref [20].

19.3 Protection of Electrical Equipment

Refer to sections 5 through 9 of SAES-P-114. These sections cover for

example motors, generators and transformers.
The protective relays in a circuit shall rapidly trip a circuit breaker in
accordance with the calculated settings and at least one form of back-up
protection shall be provided for each circuit in the power system. Inter-tripping
shall be provided where it is applicable.
When the protection operates and trips a breaker the tripping signal from the
relay shall be applied via a lock-out relay type 86 in the breaker. This type 86
relay shall be manually re-set after the fault has been investigated and
cleared.
Note that there are no main generators used in the TGP, only emergency
diesel engine driven generators which shall be provided with the appropriate
protective devices and control systems.

19.4 Relay Coordination

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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
The Saudi Aramco standard Ref [9], SAES-P-114, shall be used as the basis
for the various studies required, which are:
 Motor protection.
 Generator protection (emergency generator).
 Transformer protection
 Bus protection.
 Line and circuit protection.
 Breaker failure protection.
 Automatic transfer system.

19.5 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection

Refer to Section 10 in SAES-P-114.

Circuit breaker failure protection shall be incorporated into all switchgear rated
above 69000V, and shall include at least the following features:

 Circuit breaker failure protection shall be initiated by a signal from a

protective relay which detects that the breaker has not responded to a
command to open, close or trip.
 Phase and ground fault current detection by the circuit breaker failure
protection over-current relay (50BF).
 For low current faults (e.g. downstream faults), the circuit breaker failure
protection may be initiated directly by the tripping relays such as an 86F.
 Circuit breaker failure protection shall be single stage per SAES-P-114,
clause 10.1.2.3.
 The 50BF relay may be an integral part of the circuit breaker protection.

19.6 Metering and Alarms

Metering shall be required at the PCC so that the consumption parameters

measured by the TGP equipment can be checked against the same
parameters measured by SEC at the sending end of their 230kV feeders.
The metering provided at the SEC 380kV GIS Substation will be part of the
MOU scope agreed between SEC and COMPANY.
Metering shall be provided for the Zuluf 230kV feeder breakers at the TGP
230kV GIS substation and should be mandated on the Zuluf 230kV GIS under
‘Zuluf 600AH Increment Scope’ (BI-10-12321).
Metering shall be required at every substation within the TGP. Metering data
shall be extracted from multi-function protective relays if the signals are
available, otherwise measuring circuits and matched devices shall be
provided. The metering and alarm requirements shall be at least as required
by SAES-P-126, ‘Power System Automation’.

19.7 Events and Tripping of Switchgear

All control events, warnings and tripping actions shall be indicated at their
sources, e.g. switchgear panels, and shall be logged, time stamped and
archived by the PSA system. All relays shall be connected to an Ethernet link
and shall use a common communication protocol. Events and tripping shall be
based on SAES-P-126, ‘Power System Automation’.

19.8 Interfacing with SEC

The incoming power to the TGP shall come from the Saudi Electricity
Company (SEC) through 3x50% 230kV inderground cable circuits. Grounding
facilities for the 230kV phase conductors shall be provided at the terminations
in the 230kV GIS switchgear T80-GIS-SG-701. Signals shall be taken from the
grounding switches and the incoming breakers and converted into fibre-optical
form so that this information of status and protective relay functions can be
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

20. HV & LV CABLE SELECTION & INSTALLATION

20.1 Sizing

All power cables shall be de-rated to account for the most onerous conditions
at site. The method of de-rating and sizing the cables shall be in accordance
with either NEC, IEEE 835, IEC 60364, or IEC 60502-2 (2014, Annex B for
grouping in the ground or on trays and racks), see References.
For LV cables, schedules shall be prepared which define the minimum cable
size and maximum cable length for a range of motor ratings, typical power
factors and efficiencies.
For 230kV HV cables, separate cable calculations shall be prepared. These
cables shall be cross-bonded in accordance with IEEE 575, section 5.6.1,
therefore no derating will be applied due to bonding of shields/armour.
For 13.8kV and 4.16kV HV cables, separate cable calculations shall also be
prepared. These cables shall be bonded at both ends with appropriate
derating applied.
Where cables are installed using more than one method, e.g. part direct buried
and part above grade, they shall be rated for the worst-case installation
condition.

20.2 Installation Method - General

All 230kV power cables shall be direct buried in trenches.

Primary routes for 13.8kV, 4.16kV and 480V cables shall be installed above
grade on cable tray, supported on steelwork forming part of the main piperack
structure. In exceptional circumstances where this is not practical, cables may
be installed direct buried.
Field run cabling shall drop from primary high-level cable tray to each user on
secondary cable containment.
Where required, additional steel support structures shall be provided to
facilitate the routing of primary and secondary cable containment.
All cable tray installed outdoors shall have ventilated covers in accordance
with SAES-P-104 section 9.1.

20.3 Volt Drop

SAES-P-100, section 6.3 defines limits on voltage drop in power cables used
for motor loads.
SAES-P-100, section 6.2 defines the steady state voltage range for HV and LV
distribution systems.

20.4 Cable Glands

Cable glands shall be metric with NPT thread.

20.5 Cable Trenches

Depth of burial and cable separation shall be shown on underground cable

routing drawings.
The minimum depth of burial shall be as shown in Table 10. The Aramco
standard drawing AD-036874 (Ref 24) shall be used as the basis for trenching
details.

Table 10: Minimum Cover Requirements (Depth of Burial)

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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
System voltage Direct buried Direct buried PVC Direct buried rigid
cables conduit steel conduit or a
mm mm duct bank, mm
600V and below 610 460 Notes 1 and 3 460 Notes 2 and 3
Over 600V up to
920 610 Note 3 460 Notes 2 and 3
35000V
Over 35000V 1070 760 Note 3 460 Notes 2 and 3
Note: 1 610 mm under roads, parking lots and other areas subject to
vehicular traffic.
Note 2: 610 mm under roads.
Note 3: 1015 mm under roads where GI-1021.000 Ref [25] applies,
see Supplement 2.

Direct buried cables and conduits shall be installed in a single layer, except
where rearrangement is necessary at transitions to multi-layer concrete
encased duct-banks or for entering buildings.

20.6 Built Roads

Cables that cross under paved roads, concrete slabs or other areas that would
require extensive or impractical excavations to replace, shall be run in
underground duck-banks consisting of PVC conduit encased in concrete (see
section 10.5 in SAES-P-104).

20.7 Conduits and Cables Entering Buildings

Conduits and cables that enter buildings shall comply with paragraphs 5.2 and
5.4 in SAES-B-008 Ref [26].

20.8 Crossing and Parallel Clearances from Pipelines

The minimum crossing or parallel clearances between direct buried cables or

conduits and underground piping, including pipelines that fall outside the
scope of SAES-B-064, shall be 300mm.
See section 10.13 in SAES-P-104 and SAES-B-064.

21. ARC FLASH PROTECTION

21.1 Arc Flash in Switchgear and Controlgear

SAES-P-116 Ref [8] covers switchgear but does not mention arc flash and
how to incorporate applicable measures into the design of the switchgear
equipment.
Arc flash protection shall be incorporated in all HV & LV switchgear and
controlgear (MCCs).
IEEE C37.20.7-2007 Ref [28] shall be used as guidance in specifying the
requirements for arc flash mitigation in the design of switchgear and
controlgear rated up to 38kV.
IEEE 1584 Ref [29], or equivalent standard, shall be used for performing the
hazard calculations.
Note that the physical protection of human operators by clothing is covered in
several standards, e.g. NFPA 70E Ref [30], IEC 61482-1-2 Ref [31].

21.2 Operation Local to Switchgear and Controlgear

The manual closing of power circuit breakers in metal-enclosed HV switchgear

shall not be allowed under normal operating conditions of the switchgear due
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Remote manual switching of breakers shall be undertaken via the PSA
system, either at the relevant substation PSA HMI or at the CCB HMI.

22. HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

The subject of Hazardous Area Classification is covered in detail in

SAES-B-068 Ref [32] and SAES-P-100 section 8. Section 1 in SAES-B-068
states that the API RP 505 Ref [33] shall constitute the Electrical Area
Classification methodology adopted by Saudi Aramco except as modified in
SAES-B-068. Note that NFPA 70 Ref [10], and NFPA 497 Ref [34], are also
reference documents to support SAES-B-068, section 6.3 ‘Special Systems’.
Section 6 of SAES-B-068 details how API RP 505 shall be applied to
hazardous area classification, and in particular section 6.2 states that ‘Where
Figure 20, 21 or 22 is referenced in this Standard, the “additional Zone 2 area”
is mandatory’. With reference to API RP 505 Figures 20, 21 and 22, the
additional Zone 2 area is provided where highly volatile liquids are handled by
equipment as identified on the Hazardous Material Schedule provided by the
process discipline.
Hazardous area drawings shall be produced for all areas where sources of
release of potentially combustible dust or explosive gas, vapours, or liquids
may occur.

23. POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

An integrated site wide Power System Automation (PSA) system shall provide
remote control and condition monitoring of the electrical distribution system in
accordance with SAES-P-126 Ref [39].
The PSA main servers, firewalls, and data nodes shall be located in the
Central Control Building (CCB) rack room. Access for Power Systems (PS)
personnel, to perform engineering/maintenance activities, shall be enabled via
the CCB access control system.
The PSA main server shall communicate with local client HMIs located in each
of the TGP substations. The PSA system shall also communicate with the
remote Saudi Aramco Power Systems Department located in Dhahran. The
SCADA communication link between the PSA and SCADA receiving end
(power control center) shall be designed as per SAES-Z-004.
The servers shall communicate with the local Client workstations and monitors
located in the various substations via a dedicated dual-redundant Ethernet
network. The redundant network shall include industrial Ethernet switches and
wire patch-panels in each location.
A signal list shall be prepared by the Detail Design EPC Contractor for the
electrical equipment involved. The Signal List shall include all Inputs, Outputs,
Warning, Alarms and Archiving in the equipment involved, e.g. protective relays,
circuit breaker position status, motor control actions and responses.

24. DC SYSTEMS AND UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

24.1 DC Systems

Each substation shall be provided with dedicated parallel redundant

rectifiers/chargers with dynamic load sharing capabilities, in accordance with
SAES-P-103 Ref [3].
Each DC system shall consist of two rectifiers/chargers connected in parallel,
with separate battery banks (battery type – lead acid, tubular positive plate),
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Uninterruptible power supply systems shall be provided in the buildings that
incorporate Process Automation System equipment and/or security
equipment. This shall include, but not be limited to:
 Process Interface Building (PIB).
 Central Control Building (CCB).
 Flare Ignition Package.
The UPS configuration shall be a dual redundant system with 2 x 50%
batteries (battery type – lead acid, tubular positive plate), and a manual AC
maintenance bypass, in accordance with SAES-P-103 Ref [3].
Further information can be found in SABP-P-002 for monitoring the operating
state of batteries in UPS systems.

25. SKIN EFFECT CURRENT TRACING (SECT)

25.1 General

A Skin Effect Current Tracing (SECT) system shall be provided for each of the
two Sulfur lines from the Sulfur Recovery Unit (T75) to the Sulfur Loading and
Handling Facility (T78).
The SECT systems shall derive their power feeds from T75 Unit Substations
SS-SR1 and SS-SR2, with all control panel and transformer equipment
located at the selected substations.
Each SECT system shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
 Analysis/calculation of heat loss and heat-up for piping.
 Selection of SECT conductor system and accessories.
 Engineering package (including isometric drawings and installation
drawings for heater cables, terminations, splices, sensors, etc.).
 Installation, testing and commissioning procedures.
 Control panel.
 Transformer (oil filled, supply voltage 13.8kV).
 Distribution panel.
 Conductor, heat tube and all accessories.
 Fibre optic heat monitoring system.
 Technical data for and verification of the pipe support system.
 Operation and Maintenance Manuals.
 On-site training for field personnel.

25.2 Material Requirements

The skin effect heat tracing system shall be designed to maximize circuit
lengths in order to minimize requirements for power distribution equipment and
wiring.
The design of the skin effect heating system shall take the following into
consideration:
 The heating system shall be designed to produce even heating along the
entire length of pipeline to offset the heat losses and provide the required
heat-up.
 The design of the ferromagnetic heat tubes and special electrical
conductors shall provide the required amount of heat for reliable long-term
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
The conductor shall be stranded, Class H, 133 (19X7), nickel-plated copper as
sized by the Heat Tracing Vendor for the specific application. The conductor
shall be insulated with a high temperature (260°C minimum) fluoropolymer
dielectric in such a manner that minimal contact resistance exists between the
conductor strands and the extruded dielectric. The maximum voltage rating for
the conductor shall be 3,500 VAC. In addition to the fluoropolymer primary
dielectric, an outer scuff jacket of fluoropolymer shall also be provided to
protect the cable during installation.

25.3 Temperature Control and Monitoring

Temperature monitoring for the skin effect system shall be provided by a fibre
optic system running the full length of each sulfur line. This fibre optic
temperature monitoring system shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:
 Fibre optic sensing loop for each sulfur line.
 Fibre optic terminations, splice boxes and all accessories.
 Fibre optic termination panels located in the local PIB.
 Dual redundant server (primary and back-up) and data storage drives
located in the local PIB.
 Ethernet network interface.
 All associated software.
 Operator terminal HMI.
The fibre optic temperature monitoring system shall interface to the electronic
temperature controller for each sulfur line. The controller equipment shall be
housed in a common enclosure and shall include, but not be limited to, the
following components:
 Circuit protection devices.
 Contactors.
 On / Off control.
 Electronic temperature controllers with high and low temperature alarm,
digital display and high temperature limit switch with manual reset.
 Digital voltmeters.
 High and low current meter relay with digital display, programmable scale,
and latching for manual reset.
 Space heater.
 Control power transformer.
 Indication lights, Hand-Off-Auto switch, and relays for remote alarms.

26. CATHODIC PROTECTION

26.1 General

Cathodic Protection shall be provided where identified by the material

selection and corrosion control requirements for tanks, vessels, underground
piping, etc.
The electrical requirements for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP)
systems shall be developed as part of the detail design.
General design of Cathodic Protection systems shall be in accordance with
SAES-X-600 (Cathodic Protection of Plant Facilities).
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Cathodic protection systems shall be designed using the “earth potential rise”
method with distributed impressed current anodes or with grid (or continuous)
impressed current anodes.
Soil resistivity surveys shall be undertaken ensuring that the readings are
taken for the planned installation depths of the anodes based on the finished
grade levels at the plant.
Dedicated bonds shall be provided to all structures influenced by the
impressed current anode systems to ensure electrical continuity back to the
cathodic protection rectifier.
The ICCP detail design shall include:
 Location for each piece of CP equipment including but not limited to
rectifiers, anodes, junction boxes, bond stations, test stations, soil access
holes, bonds to pipelines, insulating flanges and unions.
 Detailing and identification of all cathodic protection cables including all
anode, structure, bond, and rectifier cables (these details shall be shown
on the One-Line Diagram for the ICCP system).
 Identification of cable routing and termination points for test stations,
junction boxes, bond boxes, and rectifiers.

26.3 Material Requirements

Transformer-rectifier units shall be installed in non-hazardous areas. Designs

shall be based on Transformer-rectifiers manufactured in compliance with 17-
SAMSS-004 or 17-SAMSS-005. DC power supplies shall have a maximum
rated output voltage of no greater than 100 volts.
Impressed current anode materials for soil applications shall be high silicon
cast iron or mixed metal oxide complying with 17-SAMSS-007.
Cathodic protection cables shall be manufactured in accordance with 17-
SAMSS-017.

27. LIGHTING AND SMALL POWER

27.1 General

The lighting design and illumination levels shall be in accordance with SAES-
P-123 Ref [36], which refers to a set of IESNA lighting documents. The
selection of luminaires shall be based on lifecycle economic analysis per
SAES-P-123, section 5.2.
Lighting and small power shall be derived from 400V distribution panel boards
located either in each of the substations or in the field.
Control of area lighting shall be by photocell with hand/off/auto over-ride
switches. The area lighting shall be operated on a 480/400V, 3-phase, 4-wire,
(230V, 1ph, 60Hz) electrical distribution system derived from a 480/400V
transformer, supplied from the adjacent process area substations.

Fixtures and fittings shall be suitably certified for the electrically classified area
in which they are installed.
LED luminaires shall be used in all indoor and outdoor locations/applications.
During the detail design stage of the project, each luminaire manufacturer
shall provide the test reports listed in sub-section 5.3.3 in SAES-P-123 Ref
[36]. The luminaire manufacturer shall provide a certificate issued by a third
party notifying body that verifies the performance of the luminaire, including
declared lifetime and lumen maintenance based on the ambient temperature.
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
The lifetime of a LED luminaire shall be not less than 50,000 hours when
associated with the following:
a) Ambient temperature at the TGP site.
b) Failure rate to be not more than 3% for the entire lifetime period of the
luminaire.

27.4 Plant Areas and Street Lighting

Refer to section 5.34 in SAES-P-123.

Lighting for outdoor non-process general areas, including street lighting and
vehicle parking, shall be provided by LED luminaires mounted on structures or
columns.
Lighting for general process areas, process area walkways, platforms and
areas under pipe racks shall be provided by LED luminaires mounted on
structures, columns or handrail supports. Handrails themselves shall not be
used to support lighting and shall be provided with no obstructions as per
SAES-B-054 Ref [37].

27.5 Task Lighting

Task lighting is that directed to a specific surface of area to provide

illumination for visual tasks to be carried out by personnel. This type of lighting
may be adequately provided by general area lighting, but if the intensity is
insufficient for a task, then it shall need to be supplemented by extra
luminaires.
Task lighting shall be provided in process areas such as pump islands, local
control panels, push button stations, gauges, valves and areas that require
operational activities not illuminated sufficiently by the area lighting scheme.
Task lighting within process areas shall be LED.

27.6 Building Lighting

Refer to section 5.7.3 in SAES-P-123 for general lighting in rooms and service
areas.
Battery rooms shall be provided with enclosed and gasketed (i.e. vapour-tight)
corrosion-resistant luminaires.

27.7 SSD Fence Lighting

Lighting shall be provided around the perimeter Safety and Security Directive
(SSD) fence in accordance with SAES-O-204 Ref [38] and National Security
Standards.
Power to the fence lighting shall be to sub-section 4.4 in SAES-O-207 Ref [16].
Light fittings shall be suitable to operate from a 230V 60Hz 1ph power supply,
distributed from lighting panels with a 400-230V, 60Hz, 3ph, 4 wire system.
The security fence lighting system shall be designed using LED lamp fittings

Location Illumination Elevation

Level (mm)
(Lumens/m²)
Perimeter/Fence Lighting for Class 1 (Note-1):

a) ± 1 m of fence line 23 Ground

b) + 3 m inside fence line 20 Ground

c) 10 m outside fence line 12 Ground

Area Security Lighting for Class 4 (Note-2) 5 Ground

 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

Notes:
1) Perimeter fence lighting for class 1 as mandated by HCIS in SEC-02
section 5.4.3.3. Minimum illumination levels for perimeter fence lighting as
per SEC-04 section 5.1.
2) Area Security lighting for class 4 as mandated by HCIS in SEC-02 section
5.6.3.2. Minimum illumination levels as per SEC-04 section 5.2.

Cabling for the security fence lighting shall be direct buried. The SSD lighting
shall be controlled by a photocell system with a hand/off/auto over-ride switch.

27.8 Emergency Lighting

Refer to sub-section 5.6 in SAES-P-123.

The emergency lighting shall be provided, in the event of power failure, to
enable operating personnel to follow planned operating and shut down
procedures.
The emergency lighting in a plant area shall be supplied from the LV essential
power distribution system.
Self-contained battery backed emergency lighting shall be used inside
buildings and shall function for a minimum duration of 90 minutes in case of
loss of mains power.

27.9 Small Power

400V welding receptacles shall be installed at locations where mobile welding

sets, power water wash equipment or gas insulated switchgear SF6 mobile re-
gassing carts are to be used.
In addition, 230V AC convenience outlets shall be placed throughout the plant
areas.

28. INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT FACILITIES (ISF) POWER SYSTEM

28.1 Power Supply

The off-plot Industrial Support Facilities (ISF) shall derive its power from the
TGP power distribution system.
HV power to the ISF shall be provided by two 13.8kV ring feeders fed from the
13.8kV distribution switchgear (T80-MS1-SG-303) located in Main Substation
MS1. These ring feeders shall follow a buried cable route exiting the TGP
industrial facilities into the ISF (T81) area.

28.2 Power Distribution

Power distribution within the off-plot ISF shall be via a buried 13.8kV ring main
serving loop-in/loop-out Ring Main Units (RMUs).
Power to each ISF building/facility shall be provided by a pad mounted RMU
local to the building, which in turn feeds a single pad mounted 13.8-0.48kV
 Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)






Fire Station.
Medical Clinic.
Administration Building.
Main Gate Area and Security Check Point.

THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Each EDG shall connect via an ATS to the associated building switchboard.
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

29. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Table 11 shows the abbreviations used in this document.

Table 11: Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description
AC Alternating current
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AFD Adjustable frequency drives (see also VFD)
ATS Automatic transfer scheme
AWG American wire gauge
BRA Building risk assessment
BSP Bulk supply point
CB Circuit breaker
CCB Central control building
CRI Colour Rendering Index
CT Current transformer
DC Direct current
DOL Direct-on-line
Electrical Engineering Division, Consulting Services
EED
Department. Saudi Aramco
EDG Emergency diesel generator
ETAP Electrical Transient Analysis Program
F Power system frequency
FEL-3 Front end loading stage 3
Gas insulated busduct or busbars (also known as isolated
GIB
busducts)
GIS Gas insulated switchgear
GOSP Gas and oil separation plant
HCIS High Commission for Industrial Security
HMI Human Machine Interface
HV High voltage
HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
HP Horse power
HPS High pressure sodium
Hz Electrical frequency in Hertz
IDMT Inverse definite minimum time (protective relay)
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IED Intelligent electronic device
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
2
It RMS current-squared-time fault withstand capability
kV Kilo-volts
kVA Kilo-volt-amperes
kvar Kilo-volt-amperes-reactive
kW Kilo-watts
LED Light emitting diode
LV Low voltage
MCB Miniature circuit breaker
MCC Motor control centre
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Abbreviation Description
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NO Normally open
OHTL Overhead transmission line
ONAF Oil natural air forced (cooling)
OFAF Oil forced air forced (cooling)
ONAN Oil natural air natural (cooling)
PC Personal computer
PIB Process Interface Building
Plt Long-term time factor
PT Potential transformer
PP Project proposal
PSA Power system automation (system)
Saudi Aramco Power Systems Planning and Engineering
PSP&ED
Department
Pst Short-term time factor
PF Power factor
SABP Saudi Aramco Best Practices
SAES Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard
SAMSS Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications
SCR Silicon controlled rectifier
SEB Security equipment building
SEC Saudi Electricity Company
SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride
SSD Safety and security directives
TGP Tanajib Gas Plant
THD Total harmonic distortion
TOP Tanajib Oil Plant
TSB Tanajib Substation Building
UPS Uninterruptible power system
VAC Alternating voltage
VFD Variable frequency drives
VT Voltage transformer
 THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF SAUDI ARAMCO. NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)

30. REFERENCES

Table 12 shows the key standards referenced in this document.

Table 12: Key Standards

Reference Document Description

Number
1 T80-P-PP-704001- Key single line diagram TGP
001
2 T80-P-PP-704000- Overall SLD 380kV and 230kV
001
3 SAES-P-103 UPS and DC systems
4 SAES-P-100 Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard: Basic
Power System Design Criteria.
5 SAES-K-001 Design and installation of heating, ventilation
and air conditioning systems
6 SEC Issue 2 The Saudi Arabian Grid Code
7 ANSI C84.1-2016 Electric Power System Equipment Voltage
Ranges
8 SAES-P-116 Switchgear and control equipment
9 SAES-P-114 Power System Protection and Control
10 NFPA 70 National electrical code (NEC)
11 ANSI/IEEE Guide for generator ground protection
C37.101
12 NEC 70 National Electrical Code 70 Standard for the
Safe installation of Electrical Wiring and
Equipment
13 AA-036572 Aramco standard drawing
14 IEEE Standard 80 Guide for safety in AC substation grounding
14a SABP-P-045 Ground grid design guidelines
14b SES-P-119.10 Grounding
15 NEC 250-54 Common grounding electrode
16 SAES-O-207 Power supply for security systems
17 SAES-O-202 Security fencing
18 SAES-P-113 Motors and generators
19 SAES-P-104 Wiring methods and materials
20 ANSI /IEEE Standard for electrical power system device
Standard C37.2- function numbers, acronyms, and contact
2009 designations
21 IEC 61850 Communications protocols for Intelligent
Electronic Devices
22 SES-P-119 Substation design standards
23 SES-P-119.02 Basic design aspects
24 AD-036874 Aramco standard drawing
25 GI-1021.000 Street and Road Closure - Evacuations
26 SAES-B-008 Restrictions to the use of cellars, pits and
trenches.
27 SAES-B-064 Onshore and nearshore pipeline safety
28 IEEE C37.20.7- IEEE Standard: Guide for testing metal-
2007 enclosed switchgear rated up to 38kV for
internal arcing faults
29 IEEE 1584-2002 IEEE Standard: Guide for performing arc
flash hazard calculations.
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Saudi Aramco 2616-ENG (03/99)
Reference Document Description
Number
locations for electrical installations at
petroleum facilities classified as Class 1,
Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2
34 NFPA 497 Recommended practice for the classification
of flammable liquids, gases, or vapours and
of hazardous (classified) locations for
electrical installations in chemical process
areas
35 SEC-07 High Commission for Industrial Security
36 SAES-P-123 Lighting
37 IEC 62471 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp
systems.
38 SAES-B-054 Access, Egress and Materials Handling for
plant
39 SAES-P-126 Power System Automation
40 T80-A-PP-962000 Basic Engineering Design Data Tanajib Gas
Plant