Scribd
Upload
23 views

Unit 3 Analog Electronics Part 2 (B)

Uploaded by

MOHD ABU UBAIDA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Unit 3 Analog Electronics Part 2 (B)

Uploaded by

MOHD ABU UBAIDA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

High-Pass Filter: The transfer function of HPF is obtained from eqn.

(1), if
a1 = ao = 0 in eqn. (1), then we get

Fig.4
From pole zero diagram of HPF shown in Fig.4, it can be seen that there
are double zeros at origin and pair of complex conjugate poles in left half s-plane.

1
•

Fig.5

2
Band-Pass Filter: The transfer function of BPF is obtained from eqn. (1), if
a2 = ao = 0 in eqn. (1), then we get

Fig.6
From pole zero diagram of BPF shown in Fig.6, it can be seen that there
is one transmission zeros at origin the other is at s = ∞. and pair of
complex conjugate poles in left half s-plane.
Thus the center frequency of the band pass filter is equal to the pole frequency ωo.

3
The magnitude response is shown in Fig.7, it peaks at ω = ωo.
The selectivity of the second-order band pass filter is usually measured by its 3-dB
bandwidth.
This is the difference between the two frequencies ω1 and ω2 at which the
magnitude response is 3 dB below its maximum value (at ωo).

It can be shown that Fig.7

4
•

5
If the transmission zeros are located on the
jω axis, at the complex-conjugate locations
then the magnitude response exhibits zero
transmission at ω = ωn.
Thus a notch in the magnitude response occurs
at ω = ωn, and ωn is known as the notch frequency.
Three cases of the second-order notch filter are
possible: the regular notch, obtained when ωn = ωo Fig.8

The magnitude response of regular notch filter is shown in Fig.9

Fig.9 6
Low Pass Notch Filter: The transfer function of Low Pass Notch (LPN) Filter is
given as:

The pole zero diagram of LPN Filter for ωn > ωo


shown in Fig.10
In this case the transmission zeros are located on
the jω axis, and complex-conjugate poles are in left
half s- plane as shown.

Fig.10
7
The magnitude response LPN Filter is shown in Fig.11

Fig.11

High-Pass Notch Filter: The transfer function of High Pass Notch (HPN) Filter
is given as

8
The pole zero diagram of HPN Filter for ωn < ωo shown in Fig.12

Fig.12
9
•

Fig.13

10
All-Pass (AP) Filter: The transfer function of All Pass (AP) Filter is given as

The pole zero diagram of AP Filter is shown in Fig.14

Fig.14
Here the two transmission zeros are in the right half of the s plane, at
the mirror-image locations of the poles as shown in Fig.14.

11
The magnitude response of the all-pass function is constant over all frequencies; it
is called flat gain, and is equal to |a2|.
The frequency selectivity of the all-pass function is in its phase response as shown
in Fig.15

Fig.15

12

You might also like