ASTU

CSE 1062 Fundamentals of Programming

Lecture #6

Spring 2017

Computer Science & Engineering Program

The School of EE & Computing
Adama Science & Technology University
 ASTU

• I/O statements and functions Practice

– Case Study: Taxi Fare Change
– Formatting Number for Program Output
– Casting Operator
– Case Study: Buying Pizza
– General Problems(Maths and Physics)
– Assignment I: Rubber Ball

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Case Study: Taxi Fare Change ASTU

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Case Study: Taxi Changes ASTU

• In Addis, to travel from Bole to Kazanchis

the tariff is 2 birr and 70 cents. Suppose
that the taxi assistant(conductor) don’t
have any birr notes but only cents to
return. So he wants the change to
contain as many 50 cents as possible
then 25 cents, 10 cents and 5 cents, in
that order. We want our program to
calculate the change, given the amount
paid.

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Step 1: Analyze the Problem ASTU

• Input: Amount Paid

• Output: Equivalent Change in 50 cents,
25 cents, 10 cents, and 5 cents.

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Step 2: Develop a Solution ASTU

• Suppose amount paid is 10 birr,

therefore the change is 7 birr & 30 cents
1. Change=7.30, So cents=730
2. No of 50 cents=730/50=14
3. Remaining Change=730 % 50=30
4. No of 25 cents=30/25=1
5. Remaining Change=30 % 25=5
6. No of 10 cents=5/10=0
7. Remaining Change=5 % 10=5
8. No of 5 cents=5/5=1

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Step 2: Develop a Solution(Detailed Algorithm) ASTU

1. Prompt the user for input.

2. Get input.
3. Display the entered amount on the screen. (Echo)
4. Calculate the Change in cents
5. Print the Change in cents
6. Compute and print the number of 50 cents.
7. Calculate the remaining change.
8. Compute and print the number of 25 cents.
9. Calculate the remaining change.
10. Compute and print the number of 10 cents.
11. Calculate the remaining change.
12. Print the remaining change(i.e. number of 5 cents)

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Step 3: Coding ASTU

• To calculate the equivalent change, the

program performs calculations using the
values of a fifty-cent, which is 50;
a twenty-five-cent, which is 25; a ten-
cent, which is 10 .
– Because these data are special and the
program uses these values more than once,
it makes sense to declare them as named
constants.
– Using named constants also simplifies later
modification of the program

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Step 3: Coding ASTU

1. Write a C++ program to solve the

problem
• Use the following constants in your program

• Use variables where necessary

2. Modify the program to work for
payments made for two or more people
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Formatting Numbers for Program Output ASTU

• The field width manipulator must be

included for each value in the data
stream sent to cout
• Other manipulators remain in effect until
they are changed
• iomanip header file must be included to
use manipulators requiring arguments

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a

C++ program
Manipulators Number Display Comments

setw(2) 3 | 3| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 43 |43| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 143 |143| Field width is ignored.

setw(2) 2.3 |2.3| Field width is ignored.

setw(5) 2.366 | 2.37| Field width of five with two decimal digits.
fixed
setprecision(2)

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 Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a C++ program

cout << "|" << setw(10) << fixed
<< setprecision(3) << 25.67 << "|";
Manipulators Number Display Comments
setw(5) 42.3 |42.30| Number fits in the field with the specified precision. Note
fixed that the decimal point takes up one location in the field wid
setprecision(2) th.
setw(5) 142.364 |1.4e+002| Field width is ignored, and scientific notation is used with
setprecision(2) the setprecision manipulator.
setw(5) 142.364 |142.36| Field width is ignored, but precision specification is used.
fixed The setprecision manipulator specifies the number of
setprecision(2) fractional digits.
setw(5) 142.366 |142.37| Field width is ignored, but precision specification used. The
fixed setprecision manipulator specifies the number of fractional
setprecision(2) digits. (Note the rounding of the last decimal digit.)
setw(5) 142 | 142| Field width is used; fixed and setprecision manipulators
fixed are irrelevant because the number is an integer that specifie
setprecision(2) s the total number of significant digits (integer plus
fractional digits).
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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• setiosflags manipulator: Allows additional

formatting:
– Right or left justification
– Fixed display with 6 decimal places
– Scientific notation with exponential display
– Display of a leading + sign
• Parameterized manipulator: One which requires
arguments, or parameters

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Manipulators can also be set using the ostream

class methods
• Separate the cout object name from the method
name with a period
Example:
cout.precision(2)

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

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Cast Operator ASTU

• Cast operator: A unary operator that forces the

data to the desired data type
• Compile-time cast
– Syntax: dataType (expression)
– Example: int(a+b)

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Cast Operator ASTU

• Run-time cast: The requested conversion is

checked at run time and applied if valid
– Syntax:
staticCast<data-type> (expression)
– Example:
staticCast<int>(a*b)

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• The large “economy” size of an item is

not always a better buy than the smaller
size.
– This is particularly true when buying pizzas.
– Pizza sizes are given as the diameter of the
pizza in inches.

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• However, the quantity of pizza is

determined by the area of the pizza
– Most people cannot easily estimate the
difference in area between a ten-inch pizza
and a twelve-inch pizza
– So cannot easily determine which size is the
best buy—that is, which size has the lowest
price per square inch.

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Build, Run and Test the following

program
• Understand the logic

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Suppose that restaurants offer both

round pizzas and rectangular pizzas.

• The code is on the next slides

• Note that the function name unitPrice
has been overloaded so that it applies
to both round and rectangular pizzas.
• Build, Run and Test the Program
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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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General Problems ASTU

• Develop a calculator program using

function (use five functions add (),
multiply (), divide (), subtract () and
module ().

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General Problems ASTU

• Write a C++ program to calculate and

display the value of the slope of the line
connecting two points with the
coordinates (3,7) and (8,12).
• After verifying the output your program
produces, modify it to determine the
slope of the line connecting the points
(2,10) and (12,6).

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General Problems ASTU

• What will happen if you use the points

(2,3) and (2,4)
• Change its output to this:
– The value of the slope is xxx.xx
– The xxx.xx denotes placing the calculated
value in a field wide enough for three places
to the left of the decimal point and two
places to the right of it.

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Assignment #1 ASTU

• When a particular rubber ball is dropped

from a given height (in meters), its
impact speed (in meters/second) when it
hits the ground is given by this formula:
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 2𝑔ℎ
• where g is the acceleration
caused by gravity and h is the
height.
• The ball then rebounds to 2/3 the
height from which it last fell.

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Assignment #1 … ASTU

• Write, test, and run a C++ program that

calculates and displays the impact speed
of the first three bounces and the
rebound height of each bounce.
• Test your program by using an initial
height of 2.0 meters.
• Run the program twice, and compare the
results for dropping the ball on Earth
(g = 9.81 m/s2) and on the moon
(g = 1.67 m/s2).
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