Branches of Philosophy

1. METHAPHYSICS

: It is the study of fundamental nature of reality and existence of essence of things.

: It relates to teaching in terms of thoughts about educational goals, the selection

of appropriate content and educational goals and attitudes towards the general
nature of learners.

: It says wether the world is real, or merely an illusion. It is the fundamental view
of the world around us.

:Methaphysics is divided into two categories

1. Ontology: what is the nature of existence.

2. Cosmology: origin and organization of the universe.

Why is Methaphysics important?

- Methaphysics is the foundation of Philosophy.

✓ The degree to which our methaphysical worldview is correct is the degree to

which we are able to comprehend the world and act accordingly.

✓ Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes suspect.

✓ Any flaw in our view of reality will make it more difficult to live.

What are the key elements of a rational Methaphysics?

✓ Reality is absolute

✓ It has a specific nature and it must be consistent to that nature.

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✓ Every action has cause and effect.

2. EPISTEMOLOGY

: Is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge.

: It explores the various ways of knowing the nature of truth and relationship
between knowledge and belief.

For Educators:

✓ Epistemology: The nature of knowledge and learning.

✓ Pedagogy: Ways of Teaching

Why is Epistemology important?

✓ Epistemology is the explanation of how we think.

✓ Without epistemology, we could not think.

✓ We would have no reason to believe our thinking was productive or correct, as

opposed to random images flashing before our mind.

✓ Distinguish truth from error.

✓ Consequences are obvious.

✓ Flaws in epistemology will make it harder to accomplish anything.

3. AXIOLOGY
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: It deals with the nature of values and relates to the teaching of moral values
and character development.

: Axiology focuses on questions about what ‘ought to be’.

: Education is widely regarded as a moral enterprise. Teacher are always

drawing attention to what ought to be said and done, and how students ought to
behave. The theory of education contains statements that certain kinds of persons
and societies are good and education ought to endeavor to realise them. Axiology
consisting of statements about 'ought', "good' and "beauty', can guide educators.

4. LOGIC

: Is the study of the principles and methods of reasoning.

: It explores how we distinguish between good reasoning and bad reasoning.

Logic in Education

Critical thinking, and reasoning is essential for students for many reasons.
Practicing these skills stimulates and trains their brains to naturally work towards
making sense of the world around them and prepares them for being productive
members of society.

Importance of Logic

✓ It helps us to reason correctly and avoid fallacies (errors in reasoning).

✓ It is a necessary tool for philosophical and scientific thinking.

✓ Helps in conceptualizing educational policies and realization of educational

objectives.
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✓ It equips the teacher with the right reasoning and right language for curriculum
content delivery.

✓ Helps clarity of meaning and concepts and statements.

5. ETHICS

: Concern on human conduct, character and values. It studies the nature of right
and wrong, rules and virtue and distinction between good and evil.

Ethics in Education

Ethics plays an important role in Education. Ethics are interpreted as the discipline
in dealing with good and bad with commitment to moral duty. Ethics are well
established levels that make the measures right and wrong. Ethics impacts the
behavior and permit an individual to make the right option.

Why Ethics Important?

✓ Ethics serve as a guide to moral daily living and helps us judge whether our
behavior can be justified.

✓ Ethics is a system of principles that helps us tell right from wrong, good from
bad. Ethics can give real and practical guidance to our lives. Ethical values (i.e.
honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility) help guide us along a pathway to deal
more effectively with ethical dilemmas by eliminating those behaviors that do not
conform to our sense of right and wrong – our best rational interests – without
sacrificing others.

6. AESTHETICS

: Deals with the creation and principles of art and beauty. It also studies our
thoughts, feelings and attitudes when we see, hear or read something beautiful.
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Aesthetic Education

: It is an approach to teaching and learning that engage students in learning about

works of art through hands-on inquiry, questioning, writing and art making.

: Recognizes the interconnected of body, mind emotions and spirit, enabling

students to express perceptions, feelings and ideas through reflective
spoken/written words, mathematics and bodies in movement.

Why is Aesthetics Important?

✓ It explains how people perceive and access the meaning, importance and
purpose of art and beauty.

✓ Aesthetics examine what makes something beautiful.

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1. What experiences as an educator will better enable you to meet challenges of the real
world?
Teaching and dealing with diverse learners in the classroom is one of the most
challenging experiences a teacher has to deal with. It is the fact that each and every
student is unique. From every circumstance, students bring a varying set of values,
perspectives, and beliefs to the learning environment. Understanding the character of
our students is important in order to become a competent teacher. In fact, teachers
should always consider and recognize students, as unique individuals, all acquire
information differently than others. Some of these differences are due to developmental
variations in cognitive, physical, intellectual, moral, emotional, and social changes
caused by maturation and experiences. Others are due to differences in various social
aspects. And this reality of classroom conditions makes teaching instruction much
more challenging for teachers.
In real world, everyday I got to meet, deal with many different individual with different
beliefs, perspectives, personality as well as people who come from different ethnicity,
races with different religion. Sometimes I got chances to talked or converse with others
and tried to understand our differences. Recognizing that we have similar interests or
beliefs can encourage better behavior and promote people to love, care and share unity
towards peace and harmony.
In our society today, there are some people wether individual or group who are still
experiencing racism or abuses because of unjust and unsolicited perspective towards
their culture, races but most people also today view diversity and inclusion as
something that should be understand most especially in the field of education,
particularly multicultural education because it gives students the chance to learn and
understand different things outside of what they are normally accustomed. Learning
something new about a culture they may not be familiar with. Often when people lack
knowledge of things that they are not accustomed to they just quickly judge or set
stereotype and make ignorant decisions.
It is a challenge to me as a teacher on how I address and incorporate diversity of
every learner. I know it is very tough to facilitate or handle diverse students based upon
their needs, strengths and weaknesses but I will and always do my best.
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In conclusion, I feel that Diversity is everywhere and that will never change because that
is the way it should be. It is our responsibility as a teacher or as a student to appreciate
and understand every individual regardless of who they are.

2. Are you advocating for 21st century skills to replace core subjects?
In this globally and digitally interconnected world, all learners, from cradle to career,
need new skills and knowledge to succeed. If we want to prepare our children for
success in school, work and life, opportunities to learn, 21st-century skills are essential.
These 21st-century skills are more important to students now than ever before and as a
teacher, I am advocating for 21st century skills but not to replace core subjects. I do
believe that the 21st century skills are embedded in the subjects that we are teaching to
the students through the process of integration, we must be flexible enough to adjust
and adapt new changes regarding teaching strategies, approaches and instructions in
line with the current trend of global education. We should teach our students beyond our
classroom and go for extra mile to enhance and strengthen a successful learning to
ensure students can thrive in a world where change is constant and learning never
stops. Our students need to be comfortable with the idea of change and be willing to
adapt to the changes around them. It is our responsibility to create a dynamic
environment within the classroom that can help to prepare students for the future.
Varying the teaching strategies we use, the setup of the classroom, the ways that
learning is demonstrated by students, and even the guidelines for group work or
homework can help students learn to adapt. In addition, for us to produce quality
learners; a globally competitive learner nurtured with skills and knowledge, we must
hand in hand to help to attain the vision and mission of the department (DepEd) inorder
to achieve qaulity education.
The future lies within our hand, we may not know exactly what lies ahead for our
students in the future, but we have the accountability and responsibility to teach them
the skills they need once they get there.

3. What process should an educator use to determine the value of management to the
students?
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Teacher plays various roles in a typical classroom, but surely classroom management
can be the most important thing a teacher can do for his or her classroom. Classroom
management is ensuring that the classroom run smoothly. When a classroom is
managed, it creates an environment where the students are focus and there is a positive
environment which creates growth in the classroom. Effective classroom management
should start the first day the students enter your classroom. On the other hand, effective
teaching and learning cannot take place without students involvement. To have a
successful classroom that is well manage there should be student involvement and a
shared responsibility and accountability in the learning process.
Student involvement is important in managing a classroom. When you have student
involvement in the classroom, they are more focus and learn can acore. They are able to
adjust and handle classroom challenges that arise through active involvement in the
decision-making, active engagement and collaboration with fellow students during class
discussion and sharing of ideas, experiences could also help strengthen interpersonal
relationships among student's and the teacher as well.
In contrast, students should always acknowledge that they are a part of a learning
community. They should be responsible for taking ownership of their actions in a way
that values building safe and positive classrooms at the same manner where
accountability encourages student learning, and helps improve academic performance
and achievements.
Student involvement is both beneficial to students and teachers as great way to
determine the value of management. It helps get a better understand and lessen also
the burden of managing classroom and the teaching process with a shared involvement
of both teacher and the students which contributed to create a successful classroom.
As the teacher, you can create these opportunities. Naming student roles and
responsibilities should begin when students first arrive in the learning environment. Be
open to students having more ideas about roles and responsibilities they would like to
own. Inviting students to be strategic partners in their learning affirms their roles in the
classroom, thus, building confidence and character in themselves.
Each class should agree upon classroom norms. When students are invited to provide
input in classroom rules, they are more likely to hold each other accountable. For a
teacher, that could mean less teacher-to-student directives and more peer-to-peer
course correction.
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4. What evidence do you have that says that 21st century skills improve teaching and
learning?

Critical thinking, communications, collaboration, and creativity are the basic skills that
students possesses in today's 21st century. Additionally, these skills are intended to
help students keep up with the global trend of education of today's modern world. Each
skill is unique in how it helps students, and support both teaching and learning of the
learner.
On the other hand, the 4Cs (Critical thinking, communications, collaboration,
creativity) being incorporated into student-learning experience help foster students'
greater sense of collaboration in the teaching-learning process as well as encourage
them to work together in which they can share and exchange ideas particularly during
discussions and experience success together to embark upon critical thinking and
indulge in problem solving. Thus, teaching is transformed with increased participation
of the students, which amounts to a lot of creativity and innovation.
Furthermore, these skills like critical thinking and collaboration help transformed
students for success in life. Communications on the other hand, helps students to
enhance their speaking ability, self expression through sharing of ideas, opinions and
thoughts. Meanwhile, collaboration is at the heart of deeper learning. Students are more
motivated to engage in the classroom when working together with their peers or
classmates. In the learning process, students support one another and set the bar high
together for achieving more. Lastly, creativity fosters student engagement since they
will be more willing to take risks and see learning opportunity as a challenge not a
burden.

5. How can you be an aid in developing ethics among your students and your fellow
teachers?
Developing ethics among our students and fellow teachers is embodied in our duties
and responsibilities as teachers. It is our responsibility as teachers to nurture and mold
the students to be a better citizens of this country nurtured with ethics and values.
By letting our selves to be an agent of change. We should promote and adhere the
rules and policies of the school by coming to work on time, wear dress/ uniform
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properly most especially, alongside protecting students from any harms or has potential
to harm. We should always treat our students and our fellow teachers with utmost
respect, seeking to understand students uniqueness and individuality, personal and
social needs as well as students values, beliefs and cultural background.
On the other hand, we should maintain a conducive classroom or a school
environment that is free from any abuses, harassment and exploitations among
teachers and students.
To our fellow teachers, we should respect them as fellow professional and maintain
civility when differences arise, resolve any conflicts or issues arise whenever possible,
privately and respectfully. Collaborate and engage with our colleagues in a manner that
supports academic achievements and goals that promote the best interest of students.
Lastly, we should support each others professional growth and development, whenever,
wherever we are, we should maintain highest standard of honesty in everything we do.

6. Is there beauty in teaching? Why is teaching the noblest profession?

The beauty of teaching is why we teach, and that is the supreme art of inspiring and
touching the lives of our students to dream and do more, as well as nurturing and
empowering them into something great so they become better citizens of the country
and the world. It is our responsibility as teachers to be at the forefront of the
teaching-learning process to ensure and provide a quality education; teaching what
ought to be learned and alongside, guiding the growth and development of the learners
who come to school with varying sets of diverse values, interests, beliefs and
expectations towards excellent learning.
On the other hand, teaching is a noble profession. As a teacher, I am saying and
claiming that with so much pride. Becoming a teacher is not easy as others think,
because teaching requires people who have the conviction to nurture and empower
students to be great. Teaching demands commitment to one's life, teachers are selfless,
always ready to go to extent to help their students.
In addition, teaching looks beyond self to others, is concerned with students not only
as they are but also with what they may become.
Lastly, teaching is an important job and teachers play an important role in our society.
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