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Science

Science is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation. The earliest roots of science began in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, with formal attempts to provide natural explanations for events. Modern science is typically divided into the natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences, though there is disagreement on whether formal sciences constitute science. Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and done by teams seeking to advance knowledge and solve problems.

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115 views1 page

Science

Science is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation. The earliest roots of science began in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, with formal attempts to provide natural explanations for events. Modern science is typically divided into the natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences, though there is disagreement on whether formal sciences constitute science. Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and done by teams seeking to advance knowledge and solve problems.

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Science (from Latin scientia 'knowledge')[1] is a systematic enterprise that builds

and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about
the universe.[2][3][4]

The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in
around 3000 to 1200 BCE.[5][6] Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and
medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity,
whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical
world based on natural causes.[5][6] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire,
knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during
the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages,[7] but was preserved in
the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age.[8] The recovery and assimilation of
Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century
revived "natural philosophy",[7][9] which was later transformed by the Scientific
Revolution that began in the 16th century[10] as new ideas and discoveries departed
from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[11][12][13][14] The scientific
method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the
19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science
began to take shape;[15][16][17] along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to
"natural science."[18]

Modern science is typically divided into three major branches[19] that consist of
the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in
the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and
sociology), which study individuals and societies;[20][21] and the formal sciences
(e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which deal with
symbols governed by rules.[22][23] There is disagreement,[24][25][26] however, on
whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on
empirical evidence.[27][25] Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied
sciences.[28][29][30][31][32]

New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated
by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems.[33][34] Contemporary
scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in
academic and research institutions,[35] government agencies, and companies.[36][37]
The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies
that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the development of
commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and
environmental protection.

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