BEHAVIORISM

BEHAVIORAL LEARNING THEORIES

 QUESTION #1
In hierarchy of scientific knowledge, what
are the set of facts, concepts and principles
that describe underlying mechanism that
regulate human learning, development and
behavior?
a. Facts
b. Concepts
c. Theories
d. Laws
REMEMBER ME?
TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT
TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT
QUESTION #2
Prof. Comoda measures learning by the
outward expression of new behaviors
only such as ability to solve math with
ease. Which theory does she apply?
a. Cognitivism
b. Behaviorist Theory
c. Social Learning Theory
d. Extrinsic Motivation
 QUESTION #3
Learning is viewed as collections of
responses to external stimuli.
Whose thought is this?
a. Metacognitivist
b. Cognitivist
c. Behaviorist
d. Constructivist
 QUESTION #4
What does the environmentalist theory advanced by
John Watson, B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura
assume?
a. Children are active participants in the learning
process.
b. Children imitate most of the activities required
for learning and development.
c. Learning and development occur when young
children interact with the environment.
d. The child’s environment shapes learning
behavior.
BEHAVIORAL LEARNING THEORY
Behaviorism is a learning theory that
only focuses on objectively
observable behaviors and discounts
any independent activities of the
mind. Behavior theorists define
learning as nothing more than the
acquisition of new behavior based on
environmental conditions (Soltis,
2019).
BEHAVIORAL LEARNING THEORY

STIMULUS is something that

causes reaction.
RESPONSE is the reaction to a
stimulus.
 DEFINITION OF BEHAVIORISM
Behaviorism is a psychological
perspective whose explanations about
learning are based on the relationship
between observable behaviors and
environmental events rather than on
internal processes (Watson, 1913).
Behaviorism is to discover the lawful
relationship between environment
events and behaviors (Gredler, 1997).
 DEFINITION OF BEHAVIORISM

Emphasizes conditioning behavior

and altering the environment to
elicit selected responses from the
learners.
Outward expression of learning,
entirely shaped by our environment.
The learners are passive and there is
no freewill.
 KEY PRINCIPLES
Learning happens when a correct
response is demonstrated following the
presentation of a specific environmental
stimulus.
Emphasis is on observable and
measurable behaviors.
Programmed Instruction (logical
presentation of content, overt responses,
immediate knowledge of correctness).
 QUESTION #5
Learning is a product of relationship
between stimulus and response-the
stronger the bond, the greater the learning.
This concept is based on the theory of
____________.
a. Cognitivism
b. Behaviorism
c. Connectionism
d. Constructivism
 CONNECTIONISM
Proposed by Edward Lee Thorndike,
the Founder of Behavior Psychology.
Also referred to S-R THEORY.
KEY CONCEPTS:
Defined teaching as arranging of classroom to
enhance desirable connections and associations.
Defined learning as a habit formation.
Focused on testing the relationship between a
stimulus and a response.
 CONNECTIONISM
PUZZLE BOX EXPERIMENT AND LEARNING CURVE
 CONNECTIONISM
THORNDIKE’S LAWS OF LEARNING
LAW OF READINESS-emphasize the role of
motivation
LAW OF EXERCISE- a connection is
strengthened in proportion to its frequency,
and its average intensity and duration
LAW OF EFFECT- responses accompanied by
satisfaction strengthen the connection;
responses accompanied by discomfort weaken
the connection.
 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Before starting teaching in the classroom the
students should be properly motivated.
Practice helps in reducing the errors committed by
the child in learning any concept.
The teacher should cure of making use of this theory
to help the behavior of the delinquent children.
 Teachers must observe the effects of his teaching
methods on the students and should not hesitate to
make necessary changes in them, if required.
 Teacher should conduct oral drills, reviews and
motivation of the taught contents.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Also known as Respondent Conditioning and
Pavlovian Conditioning which refers to a form of
learning that occurs through the repeated
associations of 2 or more different stimuli.
Proposed by IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV (1849-
1936), a Russian psychologist, Nobel Prize winner
1904 for work on digestion, and first to study
classical conditioning.
In his famous experiments with dogs, he showed
that a desired response can be elicited when
paired repeatedly with a stimulus.
 QUESTION #6
Whenever a person thinks of a green
mango with “bagoong” that person
automatically salivates. What do you
call the salivation?
a. Unconditioned Stimulus
b. Conditioned Stimulus
c. Unconditioned Response
d. Conditioned Response
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS
1.UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)
2.UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR)
3.CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)
4.CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
 QUESTION #7
Pavlov’s idea of behavioral conditioning
may apply to _______ adopted by the
classical education but no longer applied
by the liberal and progressive education.
a. Test and quizzes
b. Punitive measures
c. Examination and feedback
d. Monitoring and assessment
 QUESTION #8
Jaylord hate Math subject because when
she was in her primary grade, she could
never forget how her teacher humiliated
and punished her in class for getting a low
test score. Learning to associate Math with
fear or phobia is best explained by the
concept of behaviorism authored by
_________.
a. BF Skinner c. Ivan Pavlov
b. Edward Thorndike d. John Watson
 JOHN BROADUS WATSON
Father of American Behaviorist Theory
Watson believed that all individual
differences in behavior were due to
different experiences of learning.
He was a chief proponent of "nurture" and
believed that all human differences were
the result of learning.
All behavior is learned through
experiences and by interaction with the
environment.
JOHN BROADUS WATSON
LITTLE ALBERT EXPERIMENT
 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Teacher should use behavioral techniques to
reinforce learning.
Teacher should employ effective classroom
management, routine tasks and rules and
regulations.
Used technology during instruction like
computers, calculators and etc.
Teacher should create a consistent and positive
classroom environment to help students
overcome anxiety or fear.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Proposed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner, a
behaviorist who believed that one should
focus on the external, observable causes
of behavior.
Skinner (1953) said that “all we need to
know in order to describe and explain
behavior is this: actions followed by good
outcomes are likely to recur and actions
followed by bad outcomes are less likely
to recur”.
 QUESTION #9
What makes Operant Conditioning different from
Classical Conditioning?
a. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is
presented before the subject responds.
b. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is
presented only when the subject responds.
c. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is
presented whether or not the subject responds.
d. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is paired
and presented with an unconditional stimulus.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
OPERANT CONDITIONING
OPERANT CONDITIONING
 QUESTION #10
Which of the following is an example of
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT?
a. Giving Ben money for washing the dishes.
b. Spanking Ana for throwing trash on the
street.
c. Taking away the lollipop if Suzie doesn’t
finish her work.
d. Excusing Rico from cleaning the toilet
because he got high score in Math.
 QUESTION #11
If a teacher punishes a student for stealing
money, the child won’t steal in the near
future, but does not guarantee that the
child won’t steal anymore. Based on
Thorndike’s theory this shows that:
a. Punishment strengthens a response
b. Punishment removes a response
c. Punishment does not remove a response
d. Punishment weakens a response
 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
 Impose disciple and encourages positive
reinforcement to get the good behavior you want -
and need - from your pupils but not be abused.3.
 Use genuine praise and constructive criticism.
 Immediate feedback/light punishment is useful in
curtailing negative classroom behaviors.
 Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as
performing in front of a group, with pleasant
surroundings helps the student learn new associations.
 Teacher should develop teaching techniques and
strategies to encourage students class participation.
 QUESTION #12
Which teaching activity is founded on
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory?
a. Modelling
b. Lecturing
c. Questioning
d. Inductive Reasoning
 QUESTION #13
Which of the following is an example of
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING?
a. Little Rita was spanked for grabbing her
brother’s food without permission.
b. Grade 3 pupils of Mrs. Tuviera were not
dismissed until they were all quiet.
c. Chenessa wore clothes styled like those of Anne
Curtis and Marian Rivera.
d. A piano student becomes proficient at a new
piece of music through constant practice.
 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Proposed by ALBERT BANDURA, an American
Psychologist.
Originator of social cognitive theory or best known
for his modeling study on aggression and
observation of adults (observational learning).
Three Characteristics that are unique to humans
are:
1. VICARIOUS CONSEQUENCES
2. SELF-EFFICACY
3. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND MORAL CONDUCT
 QUESTION #14
The entire class of Mrs. Gretchen became quiet
after Lucy got rewarded with 5 stars for
consistently behaving well. When good
behaviour is increased by simply watching the
behaviour of others being reinforced, this is
known as:
a. Modelling
b. Direct Reinforcement
c. Vicarious Reinforcement
d. Vicarious Punishment
QUESTION #15

According to Albert Bandura, which

of these factors is MOST likely to
increase self-efficacy?
a. Vicarious Persuasion
b. Vicarious Experiences
c. Increased Emotional Arousal
d. Performance Accomplishments
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

FOUR PHASES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

1.ATTENTION-observer must recognize the
distinctive features of the model’s response.
2.RETENTION-reproduction of the desired
behavior implies that student symbolically
retains that observed behavior.
 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
FOUR PHASES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
3. MOTOR REPRODUCTION-after observation,
physical skills and coordination are needed for
reproduction of the behavior learned.
4. MOTIVATIONAL PROCESS-although observer
acquires and retains ability to perform the
modeled behavior, there will be no overt
performance unless conditioned are favorable
 QUESTION #16
The television program BATIBOT was
developed because:
a. Children learn by conditioning
b. Children learn by discovery
c. Children learn by trial and error
d. Children learn by observing and
imitating
 QUESTION #17
What is the implication of Bandura findings
that children learn social behavior such as
aggression through the process of
observational learning?
a. Avoid children exposure to media violence
b. Stop showing violence on media
c. Apply reverse psychology by exposing
children to media violence
d. Let the children watch media violence only
with supervision of parents
 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Teacher must be the model appropriate behaviors in
school (posture, conversation and social skills).
Teacher is encourage to implement Peer- Teaching
and Peer Coaching, Group Work, Simulation, and
Gamification.
Instructional materials and classroom structures
should be considered for the students’ learning.
Teachers should help students set realistic
expectations for their academic accomplishments.
Self-regulation techniques provide effective
methods for improving behavior.
PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM
Proposed by Edward Tolman, a neobehaviorist.
Also referred to as the SIGN LEARNING THEORY.

KEY CONCEPTS:
Learning is always purposive and goal-
directed.
Cognitive Maps in Rats
Latent Learning
 QUESTION #18
In a favorable learning environment,
which competition promotes
learning?
a. Between boys and girls
b. Within members of the same
gender
c. For academic honors
d. Against standards set
QUESTION #19
Malda loves solving Physics problems
frequently because she enjoys them
and finds them challenging. What kind
of motivation does Malda manifest?
a. Drive
b. Extrinsic
c. Intrinsic
d. Positive
 QUESTION #20
Develop positive classroom pride is one way of
creating positive learning climate. Which practice
contributes to the development of a positive
classroom pride?
I. Display student work
II. Reinforce students verbally
III. Be proud of the class’ achievements

a. I and II c. II and III

b. I and III d. I,II and III
 QUESTION #21
To create a favorable learning atmosphere,
competition should be avoided at all times.
If there is an element of competition it is
____________.
I. Part of a game
II. Self-competition against the standards set
III. Within the same gender
a. I and II c. I only
b. II and III d. I,II and III
 QUESTION #22
Which is/are effect/s of motivation on student’s
learning and behavior?
I. Directs behavior toward particular goals.
II. Leads to increased effort and energy.
III. Increases initiation of and persistence in
activities.
a. I and II
b. I only
c. II and III
d. I,II and III
 QUESTION #23
 A student once said, “I don’t like to recite because
my barkada who is not academically performing
sarcastically laughs at me”. What does this point to?
a. Group influence can impact on a student’s
orientation toward learning.
b. Cognitive factors influence a student’s attitude
toward class participation.
c. The impact of group influence on a student’s
thinking is the student’s choice.
d. A student has the tendency to put blame on a factor
outside himself or non-performance.
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