Republic of the Philippines

STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

CHAPTER II - Identification and The functional System of classification is

Classification of Crop Plants the method of classifying crops in Crop
Science. The  systems are classified into
Crops are plants that are domesticated agronomic (field crops) and horticultural crops. 
by man for their economic value and other
purposes. They  have similarities and B.1 Agronomic or Field Crops 
differences which are used as bases for
classification. There are several systems of  1. Agronomic Crops 
classification, however, the two main
classifications are the: a) botanical and b) 1.. Cereal or Grain Crops – Crops of the Grass
functional systems.  family which are used as staples and the
word cereal which  is derived from the
Objectives most important grain deity, the Roman
Goddess Ceres. The most  important
At the end of this chapter, the students are cereal crops in the Philippines are rice
expected to: and corn while sorghum and wheat are 
minor cereal crops.
1. Identify common crops species; 2. Grain Legumes or Pulses – These are crops
2. Classify identified crops based on the of the Leguminoseae family which are
botanical and functional systems of consumed in the  dry seed form. These
classification; are rich in proteins and are nitrogen fixers
3. Determine the economic or aesthetic in association with Rhizobium  bacteria.
value of the crops Major legumes in the Philippines include
mungbean, peanut and soybeans. 
A. Botanical System 
3. Fiber Crops – These are sources of fibers
Systematic or taxonomy is an like kenaf, jute, ramie and cotton which
organized system for descriptive classification are sources of  commercial fibers in the
of plants while  nomenclature is a system of country. 
assigning names to plants, The science of
plant taxonomy is coordinated by  the 4. Root and Tuber Crops – These are rich
International Board of Plant Nomenclature. sources of carbohydrates which include
They made the rules in accordance with the cassava, sweet potato,  yam and irish
International  Code of Botanical Nomenclature potato. 
(ICBN). There are seven general taxonomic
groups in botanical  classification or scientific 5. Forage Legumes and Grasses for animal
classification of plants, namely:   fodder – The important grasses include
napier grass  (Elephant grass), Guinea
grass, Paragrass, Pangola grass, and
Soybean Corn Cabbage Alabang X. The important forage 
Kingdom Plantae Plantae Plantae legumes are Centrosema, Ipil-ipil,
Division Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Townsville Stylo and Siratro. 
Class Magnoliopsida Liliopsida Angiospermae
Order Rosales Cyperales Brassicales 6. Crops for Industrial Processing – The
Family Fabaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae species of economic value are the
Genus Glycine Zea Brassica Sugarcane, Tobacco and Castor  Bean 
Species max mays oleracea

B. Functional System  2. Special Purpose Classification of Field

Crops 

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

1. Soiling Crop or zero grazing – These are classified based on

These are cut green and are fed to similarities in the method of culture. In
livestock  general, crops belong to  one group
have the same cultural requirements
2. Cover Crops – These are grown and problems. 
to maintain a plant cover on the land
to prevent soil erosion and  leaching.  1. Leafy Vegetables – These are
It also serves as green manure crop grown mainly for their leaves
and improve soil condition.  (Malungay, Pechay, 
Kangkong, Saluyot) 
3. Catch/Emergency Crops – These are
crops planted on land where other crops 2. Cole Crops or Crucifers. Crops
have failed , usually a  quick growing one.  belonging to Cruciferae family
(Cabbage, Cauliflower,  Brocolli,
4 Silage – Forage that has been preserved Chinese Cabbage) 
in a succulent condition by partial
fermentation. 3. Root, Tuber and Bulb Crops – Crops
with swollen underground stem or
5. Green Manure – A crop grown and roots (sweet  potato, onion,
plowed under to improve the soil.  radish, potato) 

B.2 Horticultural Crops   4. Legumes – Crops belonging to

These are annual and Legunimoseae family (Sitao,
perennial species which are grown Cowpea, Lima Bean, Pigeon pea, 
under a system of “intensive”  culture Chick Pea, Winged Bean) 
which require special care. The
groupings are:  5. Solanaceous Crops – Crops under
Solanaceae or Nightshade family
A. Pomological or Fruit Crops  with fruits as the  economical part
of the crop (Tomato, Eggplant,
These are classified as tree Sweet pepper) 
fruits, nut fruits and small fruits,
depending on the plant habit on  6. Cucurbits – Crops belonging to
which they are borne and are Cucurbitaceae family (Cucumber,
consumed fresh or in process form.  Muskmelon,  Watermelon,
Ampalaya, Chayote) 
1. Tree Fruits – Fruits borne on
trees (mango, Lanzones, 7. Sweet Corn 
Durian, Orange, etc). 
8. Okra 
2. Nut Fruits – Fruits borne on
trees which are enclosed by a 9. Tree Vegetables – Malungay,
stony structure (Talisay,  Katuray, Himbabao 
Cashew, Pili). 
C. Ornamentals  
3. Small Fruits – Fruits borne not
on trees but on herbaceous These are classified according to their
plants (Pineapple,  Strawberry special uses. This classification is based on
and Grapes). the specific plant  part aesthetically valued
and on form in which the plants are
B. Vegetables   maintained or marketed. 

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

1. Cut flower or Florist Crop – These are 3. Beverage Crops – Crops which are used
plants grown for their flowers (Daisies, for brewing non-alcoholic drinks
Roses,  Gladiolus, Carnations, (Cacao, Tea  and Coffee). 
Chrysanthemum, Anthurium,
Anthurium, Sampaguita, Orhids,  Birds 4. Spices - These are crops utilized for
of Paradise)  flavoring and as condiments in food
preparations  (Vanilla and Black
2. Cut Foliage or Florists Greens – Plants pepper). 
whose foliage provides background in
floral  arrangements. Ferns and 5. Aromatic or Essential Oils – These
asparagus are important in this include lemon grass or Tanglad
category. Some species of  asparagus; (Cymbopogon  citratus),Salay,
like asparagus fern are sometimes use Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanoides),
for corsages, bouquets and wreaths.  Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) and 
Ilang-ilang (Cananga odorata). 
3. Pot Plants – Plants grown in containers
for their beautiful flowers, usually for 6. Latexes and Resins – These crops has
display  purposes such as products of the sap (latex) tapped or
Chrysanthemum, Poinsettia, Santan, obtained from  the bark such as
Bougainvilla.  rubber. Resins are organic substance
from plants which is solid or semi solid
4. Foliage Plants – Plants grown for their natural organic substance secreted in
attractive foliage. Many of these plants the sap of some plants and trees that
can  tolerate low light intensities since has  transparent or translucent quality
they have no demanding inflorescence and a yellow or brown color that are
to support. They are used as indoor used in varnishes,  paints, adhesives,
plants by which they are sometimes inks and medicines. 
called such as Begonia, and 
Philodendron.  7. Medicinal or Biocidal– These are
sources of pharmaceutical and
5. Turf – These are grasses used for lawns insecticidal compounds  which include
or greens (grass for gold courses) Lagundi (Vitex negundo) Yerba
which fall under  landscape plants but Buena (Mentha cordiflora) and
have grown in importance to be in sambong  (Blumea balsamifera). 
class by themselves (Bermuda  grass,
Manila grass).  Reference

D. Plantation Crops  

 These are classified according to Aradilla, A.R., Apiag, C.T., Baldo, N.B., Dargantes,
their useful components; may have S.M., Lituanas, I.M., Paulican Ma.S.M,
different cultural  practices but their Salingay, R.O., Valleser, J.L. and Taban,
principal products can be substituted for B.G.P. (2018). Laboratory Manual in Crop
one another.  Science 20, Principles of Crop Production.
CMU Press, Central Mindanao University,
1. Oil Crops – These are grown for their oil University Town, Musuan, 8710 Bukidnon.
content (coconut, Afrrican oil palm,
Lumbang,  Castor Bean) 

2. Fiber Crops – These are sources of

fibers for textile manufacturing, Carney, K. (2017). Principles of Crop Production.
corsage, pulp, paper  twines, sacks, Larsen and Keller Education, 5 Penn Plaza,
bags, mats, etc. (Abaca, Buri, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10001, 3G-
Maguey, Kapok, Cabo Negro)  eLearning, USA
CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Questions: Activity 2.1

1. Explain the functional system of crop plants. (25 points)

2. How Crop plants important to Agricultural industry. (25 points)

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

  
Questions: Activity 2.2

1. Make a summary of the lessons that you have studied and state what you have learned
on this chapter (Make your own words). (50 points)

2. Identify the type of seasons in your locality and list at least 10 crops that are commonly

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Laboratory Exercises No.2

Identification and Classification of Crop Plants

Table 1.1 Instructions: List down accordingly, at least 10 examples of Crops observed
within your vicinity or nearby farms and Classify their functional system. (Draw or
Pictures of the crop)
Observed Plants

Horticultural Crops / Draw or Picture of the crops

Crop Plants Agronomic

(Local Name)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Observed Plants

Crop Plants Horticultural Crops / Draw or Picture of the crops

(Local Name) Agronomic

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Year/ Section: _________________________

Laboratory Exercises No.2

Identification and Classification of Crop Plants

Table 1.2 Instructions: Classify the crops that you have identified during your survey in the
areas within your vicinity or nearby farms (crops to be listed here are based from
the previous table).

Crop Plants Scientific Name Family Name Economic/aesthetic value

(Local Name) (food, feed, medicine, etc)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science JUN REL C. CHAVEZ

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I