Colegio De Sta. Lourdes of Leyte Foundation Inc.

Barangay 1 Quezon Tabon tabon, Leyte

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 01: Gymnastics

Module No. 4: Introduction to Gymnastics, Gymnastics Activites;
Educatonal, Therapeutic and Competitive, Types of Gymnastic

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this module, you are able to:

 recognize from where gymnastic had started and its contribution to education and sports
development
 differentiate gymnastics as Educational, Therapeutic, and Competitive
ACTIVITYLOG

Input Starter
Covid-19 Reminders
Focused Discussion
Assessment
Self-Evaluation
Enrichment
Point of Clarification
INPUT

Starter
Your safety is top priority during this COVID-19. Observe the following safety pre-cautions
below.
Safety Pre-Cautions
Sanitize hands on the way in and on the way out
Don’t touch your face
Wear a face mask at minimum when in the home doing any work
Limit interactions with the home
Don’t touch anythinGg that you don’t need to
Maintain separation distance from others
Carry disinfectants such as sanitizers, alcohols and etc.
Focused Discussions

Topic 1: Introduction to Gymnastics

Gymnastics- is a sport basic to all sport and is recognized for its vital role in the
development of the total fitness of the individual. It is an artistic expression of ideas, a
graceful yet demanding and difficult movement process that aimed either for fitness or
competition purposes or both.

The record shows that during the ancient time, the Chinese and Egyptians were the
first to practice various gymnastics routines for fitness and entertainment. The Chinese
developed Kung Fu or medical gymnastic. They do lots of body exercises to prepare and
condition the body against sickness, for they do believe more on disease prevention rather

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than treatment. On the other hand, the Egyptians used gymnastics simply for
entertainment.

The Greeks were the first to develop the competitive aspects of gymnastics which
originally meant all forms of athletics. It was first practice at ancient Olympic Games at
Mount Olympus.

The early Greeks (Spartans) emphasized the feat for strength, while the later
Greeks (Athenians) developed the scientific system of exercises that combined the
elements of skills, grace and strength. All these sprang from their belief in the ideals of a
sound mind in a body.

The word gymnastics was defined by historian as a naked art derived from the
Greek word Gymnos which mean naked, as the word gymnazien means to practice
naked. This is why women were excluded from the ancient Games, both as competitors
and spectators.

Like the Spartans, the Romans used gymnastics exercises for military training.
They use wooden horse to develop their prowess in horse riding during the battle or fight
for victory.

The Hindu have another form of gymnastics exercises, performed in time with their
prayers or meditation. This approach in exercising known as Yoga is quiet, smooth, and
slow for they believe that the body is the home of spirit so sacred that it should be kept
perfectly healthy.

Modern gymnastics were developed by German educators in devising exercises

using pieces of stationary apparatus to develop physical strength and discipline. The
Swedish system emphasized rhythm and coordination through movements borrowed from
dance in the process of exercising different parts of the body thus developing the aesthetic
expressiveness and gracefulness.

The following educators were instrumental in the development in gymnastics:

Johann Bernhard Basedow

(German,1723-1970)
Introduced gymnastics in theschool
curriculum

Johann Guts Muths

(German,1759-1839)
Known as the great grandfather of gymnastics. He invented the outdoor
apparatuses like the seasaw, horizontal ladder, the oblique wooden
ladder, climbing rope, balance beam and rope ladder. He write the book
entitled GYMNASTIC FOR THE YOUTH
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 Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
( German, 1778-1852)
Considered as the Father of Modern Gymnastics. He
started the Turnverein Movement (tumbling clubs)
generally for young men in Germany.

Pehr Henrik Ling

(Swedish, 1776-1839)
Introduce gymnastics in European schools. He invented
the stall bars and vaulting box or Swedish box.

Adolf Spiess

(Swiss)
Introduce fancy marching and freehand
exercise perfomed with music.

Topic 2: Gymnastics Activities: Educational, Therapeutic and Competitve

 Educational Gymnastics – is program that challenge you to master tactics involving

strength rhythm, balance, flexibility, and agility.
.

 Therapeutic or Remedial Gymnastics – is a series of selected exercises that help you

to relieve physical discomfort or restore function to disabled people.

 Competitve Gymnastics – consist of prescribed sets of events for men and women
each of which is scored separately in order to determine winner.

Topic 3: Types of Gymnastics

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1. Women's artistic gymnastics - (often shortened to
just "women's gymnastics") attracts the most
participants and is generally the most well-known
type of gymnastics. It's also one of the first tickets to
sell out at the Olympic Games.
The events: In women’s artistic gymnastics, athletes
compete on four apparatus (vault, uneven bars,
balance beam and floor exercise).

Competition: The Olympic competition consists of:

• Team: Five athletes are on a team. (In the

future, that will change to just four.) In
preliminaries, four athletes compete on each
event and three scores count. In finals, three athletes compete on each event
and every score counts towards the team total.
• Individual all-around: An athlete competes in all four events and the total score
is added up.
• Individual events: An event champion is named on each apparatus.

Watch It: The 2014 U>S> nationals for women’s artistic gymnastics
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVLZz2J6tcE

2. Men’s Artistic Gymnastics - this is the second most

popular type of gymnastics in the United States and
the oldest form of gymnastics.
The events: Men compete on six apparatus: floor
exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars
and horizontal bar (usually called high bar).

Competition: Olympic competition is held in the same

format as women’s artistic gymnastics, with a team, all-
around and individual events competition.
The only difference is that the men compete in their six
events, whereas the women compete across their four events.

Watch it: The 2014 US nationals in men's artistic gymnastics Link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DU7z7yhyR8

3. Rhythmic gymnastics -gymnasts perform jumps,

tosses, leaps and other moves with different types of
apparatus. This is currently a female-only sport in
the Olympics.

The events: Athletes compete with five different types of

apparatus: rope, hoop, ball, clubs, and ribbon. Floor
exercise is also an event in the lower levels of
competition.

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Competition: At the Olympics, rhythmic gymnasts compete in:

• Individual all-around: An athlete competes on four of the five events (every two
years, one apparatus is rotated out) and the total score is added.
• Individual events: A gymnast is named the champion on each of the four
apparatus currently in rotation.
• Group competition: Five gymnasts compete in two different routines. In one
routine, all of the athletes use the same apparatus. In the second routine, the
gymnasts use two different pieces of equipment (for example, three gymnasts
will use the ball and two gymnasts will use the hoop).

Watch it: The 2014 world championships, the rhythmic all-around competition
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvormzs06DA

4. Trampoline gymnastics - gymnasts perform high-

flying flips and twists on every bounce. This became
an Olympic discipline for the 2000 Olympics. To add
trampolinists to the quota allotted for gymnastics,
artistic teams were reduced from seven team
members to six.

The events: A compulsory and a

voluntary routine are performed in the Olympic
competitions. Each consists of ten skills and is done on
the same type of trampoline. Double mini (gymnasts
use a smaller, two-level trampoline) and synchronized (two athletes perform at the
same time on different trampolines) are competitive events in the U.S., but not in the
Olympics.

Competition: Trampoline gymnastics includes an individual event for women and for
men. There is a qualifying event to reach the medal round but the scores do not carry
over.

Watch it: The 2004 men's Olympic trampoline champion, Yuri Nikitin (audio is not in
English) Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Nns4CRknY

5. Power tumbling - is performed on a spring runway much

bouncier than the floor exercise mat used in artistic
gymnastics. Because of its spring, athletes are able to
perform very complicated flips and twists in succession.

The events: All tumbling is done on the same strip. The

gymnast performs two passes in each stage of the competition,
with eight elements in each pass.
Competition: Tumbling is not an Olympic event, but is part of
the Junior Olympic program in the United States and is
competed internationally as well.

Watch it: Power tumbling at the Canadian nationals

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 Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x0-RtQOVTI

6. Acrobatic Gymnastics- the athletes are the equipment. A

two- to four-gymnast team performs all types of
handstands, holds and balances on each other, while
members of the team throw and catch their teammates.

The events: Acrobatics is always performed on the same

floor exercise mat.

Competition: Acrobatic gymnastics is not an Olympic event,

but it is also part of the U.S. Junior Olympic program and is
competed internationally.

Watch it: A montage of Acro gymnastics and the acrobatic

gymnastics world competition in 2016
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHVkklL7Edo

7. Group Gymnastics - in the United States is usually

performed competitively under the name TeamGym. In
TeamGym, athletes compete together in a group of six to 16
gymnasts. The group may be all-female, all-male or mixed.

The events: In the U.S., participants in TeamGym compete in

the group jump event (performances in tumbling, vault, and
minitrampoline) and the group floor exercise.

Competition: TeamGym is not an

Olympic event, but is competed in the
United States and abroad in invitational
meets, as well as local, regional, national
and international competitions.

Watch it: The Hawth gymnastics team

Link: https://youtu.be/MOOjSw_xqX

ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 1:
Gymnastics has many interpretations depending on a people who will define it. For you what is
gymnastics and its significant in your life as a student. Expound your answer depending on your
own ideas. Write it down in a space provided below.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
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RUBRIC
Indicators Points Score
Accuracy 10
Content 6
Creativity 4
Total 20

Learning Activity 2:
Read the statement below. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the statement.
1. I introduced _________________ in ______________ curriculum. I am from Germany.
2. I am from Switzerland and introduce _______________ and _________________. I am
_________________.
3. Sweden is my nationality. I invented the _________________ and the
_______________. I also introduce gymnastic in schools in whole Europe. I am
__________________.
4. Germany is my nationality and I am a German obviously. I am Johann
_______________ known as the Great Grandfather of
gymnastics__________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Are the apparatuses that I invented during my time. I wrote a book entitled
“___________”.
5. I am Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, a ____________________ who is considered a
___________.

SELF-EVALUATION

Rate yourself from 1 to 5 (1 being the lowest while 5 being the highest) on the level of
understanding that you are able to attain for this module:

1 2 3 4 5

ENRICHMENT
▪ For further learning kindly visit the link given below.
http://www.gymbroke.com/Basic_gymnastics_terms.html

POINTOFCLARIFICATION

Please write any questions or points of clarification about the content of this module:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES

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LEARNING RESOURCES:
▪ Domingo, J. R. (2008). Physical Education 1 Introduction to Gymnastics. Manila: Mutya
Publication House. Inc.
▪ Indon, V. J.(2005). Rhythm and Dance Modules.Manila: Far Eastern University Publications.

▪ Diana, R. A.(2004). Rhythmic Activities and Dance. Pampanga: CFLF Publication.

▪ Oya, E. D.(2001). Physical fitness for college Freshmen. Manila: Rex Bookstore.
▪ Flordeliza, R. F etal. (2015). Physical Fitness in the Challenging Word. Quezon City: Fatima
Educational Publications

ELECTRONIC REFERENCES:
▪ Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia
▪ http://bodyfitnesshealth.com
▪ http://www.cyberparent.com/fitness/five.htm
▪ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html
▪ http://www.gymbroke.com/Basic_gymnastics_terms.html
▪ http://cheerleading.about.com/html

RUFFA MAE C. DAGAMI

MA. JHYSAVIL E. ARCENA
P.E. 01 Instructors

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