Macadamia problem solver & bug identifier

Reprint – information current in 2003

REPRINT INFORMATION – PLEASE READ!

For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au

This publication has been reprinted as a digital book without any changes to the content published in 2003. We advise
readers to take particular note of the areas most likely to be out-of-date and so requiring further research:
• Chemical recommendations—check with an agronomist or Infopest www.infopest.qld.gov.au
• Financial information—costs and returns listed in this publication are out of date. Please contact an adviser or
industry body to assist with identifying more current figures.
• Varieties—new varieties are likely to be available and some older varieties may no longer be recommended. Check
with an agronomist, call the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23, visit our website www.deedi.qld.gov.au or
contact the industry body.
• Contacts—many of the contact details may have changed and there could be several new contacts available. The
industry organisation may be able to assist you to find the information or services you require.
• Organisation names—most government agencies referred to in this publication have had name changes. Contact
the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23 or the industry organisation to find out the current name and
contact details for these agencies.
• Additional information—many other sources of information are now available for each crop. Contact an
agronomist, Business Information Centre on 13 25 23 or the industry organisation for other suggested reading.
Even with these limitations we believe this information kit provides important and valuable information for intending
and existing growers.
This publication was last revised in 2003. The information is not current and the accuracy of the information
cannot be guaranteed by the State of Queensland.
This information has been made available to assist users to identify issues involved in macadamia production. This
information is not to be used or relied upon by users for any purpose which may expose the user or any other person to
loss or damage. Users should conduct their own inquiries and rely on their own independent professional advice.
While every care has been taken in preparing this publication, the State of Queensland accepts no responsibility for
decisions or actions taken as a result of any data, information, statement or advice, expressed or implied, contained in
this publication.
 Bug Identifier Cicada .............................................198 (adult and nymphal case)

There are two ways for you to use this section. Citrus flat mite.......................................................................... 168
Coastal brown ant .................................................................... 207
1. Search for an unknown insect pest or beneficial that Cornelian butterfly .............................. 176 (larva); 189 (butterfly)
you want to identify – simply browse through the pages of
Cup moth.................................................. 177 (larva); 193 (moth)
the relevant insect type or stage. For example, if you find
Doubleheaded hawk moth........................ 180 (larva); 192 (moth)
an egg on a nut and want to identify it, go to the egg pages
starting on page 158, and see all of the commonly-found eggs Flower looper ........................................................................... 182
pictured together. This makes quick identification easier. Flower thrips ............................................................................ 166
Fruitspotting bug ...................... 159 (egg); 195 (nymph and adult)
Eggs and scales ........................................ Go to pages 158 to 165
Greenhouse thrips .................................................................... 166
Tiny insects and mites .............................. Go to pages 166 to 172
Green vegetable bug ................ 160 (egg); 197 (nymph and adult)
Grubs and caterpillars (larvae) ................. Go to pages 173 to 186
bug identifier

bug identifier
Hairyline blue butterfly ......163 (egg); 181 (larva); 191 (butterfly)
Moths and butterflies................................ Go to pages 187 to 194
Hibiscus mealybug .....................................197 (nymph and adult)
Bugs and beetles ...................................... Go to pages 195 to 202
Kernel grub .............................................. 174 (larva); 189 (moth)
Flies and wasps ........................................ Go to pages 203 to 206
Lace bug ................................................................................... 198
Ants and spiders ....................................... Go to pages 207 to 208
Large bagworm ........................................................................ 178
Latania scale............................................................................. 160
2. Search for a known insect pest or beneficial for the Leptocoris bug ......................................................................... 196
photographs of its relevant stages – first find the pest Long soft scale ......................................................................... 162
or beneficial in the list below and use the page references Macadamia cup moth ............................................................... 178
provided: Macadamia felted coccid ......................................................... 159
Pests Macadamia flower caterpillar .158 (egg); 173 (larva); 187 (moth)
Bananaspotting bug.................. 159 (egg); 195 (nymph and adult) Macadamia leafminer............................... 175 (larva); 188 (moth)
Bizarre looper........................................... 179 (larva); 194 (moth) Macadamia mussel scale .......................................................... 161
Black citrus aphid .................................................................... 168 Macadamia nutborer ...............158 (egg); 173 (larva); 187 (moth)
Broad mite................................................................................ 167 Macadamia twig-girdler ........................... 174 (larva); 188 (moth)
Brown looper ........................................... 181 (larva); 193 (moth) Macadamia white scale ............................................................ 161
Brown tufted caterpillar ........................................................... 180 Mango planthopper .............. 164 (egg); 169 (nymph); 194 (adult)
154 155

Nut stemborer..................................................................163 (egg) Predatory mealybug ladybird ....................185 (larva); 201 (adult)
Oleander scale .......................................................................... 162 Predatory mirid bug ................................................................. 200
Orange fruitborer ..................................... 177 (larva); 190 (moth) Predatory thrips ........................................................................ 170
Pencilled blue butterfly ....................... 176 (larva); 190 (butterfly) Syrphid fly............................... 165 (egg); 184 (larva); 205 (adult)
Queensland fruit fly.................................................................. 203 Tachinid fly .............................................................................. 206
Redbanded thrips ..................................................................... 167 Trichogrammatoidea wasp ....................................................... 170
Redshouldered leaf beetle ........................................................ 196 Trissolcus wasp ........................................................................ 205
Rutherglen bug ...........................................199 (nymph and adult) Wasp ectoparasite......................................... 172, 185, 186 (larva)
Sigastus weevil..........................................182 (larva); 199 (adult)
Variegated hairy caterpillar ...................... 179 (larva); 192 (moth)
Yellow peach moth................................... 175 (larva); 191 (moth)
Beneficials
bug identifier

bug identifier
Aphytis parasitic wasp ............................................................. 172
Assassin bug ...............................................165 (egg); 200 (adult)
Brown lacewing ........................................................... 183 (larva)
Coccinellid ladybird ..................................................... 184 (larva)
Crab spider ............................................................................... 208
Elachertus ectoparasite..................................................... 171, 186
Honey bee ................................................................................ 203
Jumping spider ......................................................................... 208
Lacewing ................................. 164 (egg); 183 (larva); 204 (adult)
Lynx spider............................................................................... 207
Mirid bug ................................................................................. 202
Native bee ................................................................................ 204
Paper wasp ............................................................................... 206
Parasitic wasp........................................................................... 171
Phytoseiid predatory mite ........................................................ 169
Predatory ladybird beetles........................................................ 201
156 157
 Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigypsa) Fruitspotting bug (Amblypelta nitida) and bananaspot-
egg ting bug (A. lutescens lutescens) eggs
1 mm 2 mm
bug identifier – eggs and scales

bug identifier – eggs and scales

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest
Found on flowers. Found on leaves and nuts.
Damage shown on Damage shown on page
page 80. parasitised 102.
Major pest. Major pest.

Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) eggs Macadamia felted coccid (Eriococcus ironsidei)
2 mm 2 mm

pupae

hatched newly laid

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

adult females
male crawlers
Found on nuts, nut stalks, Found on leaves, branches
flowers and occasionally and flowers.
leaves. Damage shown on pages
about to hatch
Damage shown on page 12 and 88.
106. Major pest.
parasitised
158 Major pest. 159

Latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) Macadamia white scale (Pseudaulacaspis brimble-

4 mm combei) 4 mm

female

male
0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found on leaves,
bug identifier – eggs and scales

bug identifier – eggs and scales

branches and nuts. female
Found on leaves and nuts.
Damage shown on pages Damage shown on pages
14 and 116. 14 and 116.
Occasionally important Minor pest.
in some areas such as
northern NSW.

Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula) eggs Macadamia mussel scale (Lepidosaphes macadamiae)
6 mm 4 mm

0 mm 0 mm
pest
pest

Found mainly on leaves. Found mainly on leaves.

Damage shown on page Minor pest.
150.
Occasionally important in
some areas.
160 161
 Long soft scale (Coccus longulus) Lycaenid butterfly (hairyline blue butterfly – Erysichton
6 mm lineata lineata) eggs
3 mm

0 mm

pest
0 mm
bug identifier – eggs and scales

bug identifier – eggs and scales

pest
Found on leaves and
Found in flowers.
twigs.
Damage shown on page 94.
Minor pest.
Minor pest.

Oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) Nut stemborer (Paranepsia amydra) egg

4 mm 1 mm
egg

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

Found mainly on leaves. Found on leaves and nuts.

Minor pest. Damage shown on pages
64 and 138.
Minor pest.
exit hole
162 163

Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) egg mass Assassin bug (Pristhesancus plagipennis)
10 mm egg mass
20 mm

0 mm
pest

beneficial
bug identifier – eggs and scales

bug identifier – eggs and scales

0 mm
Found on nut stalks.
Incidental insect causing Found anywhere on tree.
little if any damage. General predator of
many pests; particu-
larly fruitspotting bug,
bananaspotting bug and
nutborer.
Lacewing (Mallada signata) egg Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) egg
10 mm 2 mm
beneficial
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found anywhere on tree. Found mainly on flowers.

General predator of most Predator of aphids and
pests, particularly aphids, thrips.
mealybugs, scales, cater-
pillars and thrips.
164 165
 Flower thrips (Scirtothrips sp.) Redbanded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) nymphs
3 mm 3 mm
bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

0 mm 0 mm

pest

pest
Found on leaves, flowers Found mainly on nuts.
and nuts. Damage shown on page
Damage shown on pages 128.
16, 84 and 128. Minor pest.
Sometimes a major pest.

Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidatis) Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)

3 mm 1 mm

nymphs

larvae

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

adults

adult Found mainly on nuts. Found on leaves, flowers

Damage shown on page and nuts.
128. Damage shown on pages
Minor pest. 18, 92 and 130.
May be a major pest in
166 nurseries and young trees. 167

Citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi) Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) nymphs
1 mm 3 mm
bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

eggs

adults
Found mainly on nuts. Found on nut stalks.
Damage shown on page Incidental insect causing
130. little if any damage.
Minor pest.

Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida) Phytoseiid predatory mite

4 mm 1 mm
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm
pest

Found on leaves and Found on leaves, flowers

flowers. and nuts.
Damage shown on pages Predator of mites and
20 and 100. thrips.
Common, but rarely
168
causes major damage. 169
 Predatory thrips (Scolothrips sexmaculatus) Elachertus ectoparasite larvae
3 mm 4 mm
ectoparasite

male

beneficial

beneficial
bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

0 mm 0 mm

female
Found on leaves, flowers Found mainly on nuts.
and nuts. External parasite of
Predator of mites and nutborer larva nutborer.
thrips.

Trichogrammatoidea wasp (Trichogrammatoidea spp.) Parasitic wasp

1 mm 3 mm

beneficial
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found mainly on nuts.

Found on leaves or nuts.
Internal parasite of
Internal egg parasite of
nutborer.
fruitspotting and banan-
aspotting bugs.

170 171

Aphytis parasitic wasp Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta)

1 mm larvae and pupa
adult 40 mm

larva
pupa

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

beneficial

pupa
bug identifier – tiny insects and mites

0 mm
0 mm
pest

Found on leaves,
branches or nuts. Found on nuts, nut stalks
and occasionally flowers.
Internal parasite of latania
scale. larvae Damage shown on page
106.
Major pest.

Wasp ectoparasite larva Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigyp-

2 mm sa) larva
leafminer larva 20 mm
beneficial

0 mm
pest

0 mm
ectoparasite
Found on leaves.
larva Found on flowers.
External parasite of
Damage shown on page
leafminer.
80.
Major pest.
172 173
 Kernel grub (Assara seminivale) larva Macadamia leafminer (Acrocercops chionosema) larvae
30 mm 10 mm
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

0 mm 0 mm

pest

pest
Found on leaves.
Found on nuts. ready to pupate Damage shown on page 8.
Damage shown on page May be a major pest in
132. nurseries and young trees.
Can be a major pest on
occasions.

Macadamia twig-girdler (Neodrepta luteotactella) larva Yellow peach moth (Dichocrocis punctiferalis) larva
50 mm 50 mm

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

Found on leaves, branches

and nuts. Found on nuts.
Damage shown on pages Damage shown on page
10 and 140. 124.
Occasionally important in Minor pest.
174 elevated rainforest areas. 175

Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis) larva Orange fruitborer (Isotenes miserana) larva
50 mm 20 mm
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found on nuts. Found mainly on leaves

Damage shown on page and occasionally on flow-
138. ers and nuts.
Minor pest. Damage shown on page
26.
Minor pest in nurseries.

Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis) larva Cup moth (Anaxidea lozogramma) larva
30 mm 50 mm

0 mm 0 mm
pest
pest

Found on leaves, flowers Found on leaves.

and nuts. Minor pest.
Damage shown on pages
30 and 144.
Minor pest.
176 177
 Macadamia cup moth (Comana fasciata) larva Variegated hairy caterpillar (Anthela varia) larva
40 mm 120 mm
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

0 mm 0 mm

pest

pest
Found on leaves. Found on leaves and oc-
Damage shown on page casionally flowers.
28. Damage shown on page
Minor pest. 28.
Minor pest.

Large bagworm (Oiketicus elongatus) larvae Bizarre looper (Eucyclodes pieroides) larva
100 mm 60 mm
female
male
male

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

Found on leaves. Found on leaves and occa-

Minor pest. sionally flowers and nuts.
Damage shown on page
30.
Minor pest.
female
178 179

Doubleheaded hawk moth (Coequosa triangularis) larva Brown looper (Lophodes sinistraria) larvae
250 mm 100 mm
mature

mature
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

immature

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found on leaves. Found on leaves and nuts.

Minor pest. Damage shown on page
32.
Minor pest.

Brown tufted caterpillar (Olene mendosa) larva Hairyline blue butterfly (Erysichton lineata lineata) larva
50 mm 20 mm

0 mm 0 mm
pest
pest

Found on leaves and Found on flowers.

flowers. Damage shown on page
Damage shown on page 94.
32. Minor pest.
Minor pest.
180 181
 Flower looper (Gymnoscelis subrufata) larva Lacewing (Mallada signata) larva
30 mm 20 mm
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

beneficial
0 mm 0 mm

pest
Found on flowers. Found anywhere on tree.
Damage shown on page General predator of most
96. pests, particularly aphids,
Minor pest. mealybugs, scales, cater-
pillars and thrips.

Sigastus weevil (Sigastus sp.) larva Brown lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae) larva
20 mm 20 mm

beneficial
0 mm 0 mm
pest

Found in nuts.
Found anywhere on tree.
Damage shown on page
152. General predator of most
Confined to a small area pests, particularly aphids.
of the Atherton Tableland,
where it can cause signifi-
182 cant damage. 183

Coccinellid ladybird larvae Wasp ectoparasite larva

5 mm 5 mm

flower caterpillar
larva
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

beneficial

beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found mainly on leaves Found on flowers.

and branches. External parasite of flower
Predator of felted coccid. ectoparasite caterpillar.
larva

Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) larva Predatory mealybug ladybird (Cryptolaemus montrouz-

10 mm ieri) larva 20 mm

syrphid fly
beneficial

beneficial

larva
0 mm 0 mm

Found mainly on flowers. Found anywhere on tree.

Predator of aphids, thrips Predator of hibiscus
flower
caterpillar
and flower caterpilllar. mealybug.
larva

184 185
 Elachertus ectoparasite larvae Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) moth
4 mm 50 mm
ectoparasite female
larva
bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae)

beneficial

bug identifier – moths and butterflies

0 mm 0 mm

pest
Found mainly on nuts. Found anywhere in or-
External parasite of chard (night flying).
nutborer. male Damage shown on page
nutborer larva 106.
Major pest.

Wasp ectoparasite larva Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemi-

2 mm gypsa) moth
leafminer larva 30 mm
beneficial

0 mm

pest
0 mm
ectoparasite
larva
Found on leaves.
Found anywhere in or-
External parasite of
chard (night flying).
leafminer.
Damage shown on page
80.
186 Major pest. 187

Macadamia twig-girdler (Neodrepta luteotactella) moth Kernel grub (Assara seminivale) moth
50 mm 40 mm
bug identifier – moths and butterflies

bug identifier – moths and butterflies

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found anywhere in
orchard (night flying). Found anywhere in or-
Damage shown on pages chard (night flying).
10 and 140. Damage shown on page
Occasionally important in 132.
elevated rainforest areas. Can be a major pest on
occasions.

Macadamia leafminer (Acrocercops chionosema) moth Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis)
20 mm 80 mm
male

0 mm 0 mm
pest
pest

Found anywhere in or- Found anywhere in

chard (day flying). female orchard (day flying).
Damage shown on page 8. Damage shown on page
May be a major pest in 138.
188 nurseries and young trees. Minor pest. 189
 Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis) Hairyline blue butterfly (Erysichton lineata lineata)
40 mm 50 mm
bug identifier – moths and butterflies

bug identifier – moths and butterflies

0 mm male 0 mm

pest

pest
Found anywhere in Found anywhere in
orchard (day flying). orchard (day flying).
Damage shown on pages Damage shown on page
30 and 144. 94.
Minor pest. Minor pest.

Orange fruitborer (Isotenes miserana) moth Yellow peach moth (Dichocrocis punctiferalis)
30 mm 50 mm

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

Found anywhere in Found anywhere in or-

orchard (night flying). chard (night flying).
Damage shown on page Damage shown on page
26. 124.
Minor pest in nurseries. Minor pest.

190 191

Doubleheaded hawk moth (Coequosa triangularis) Brown looper (Lophodes sinistraria) moth
200 mm 100 mm
female
bug identifier – moths and butterflies

bug identifier – moths and butterflies

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found anywhere in Found anywhere in or-

orchard (night flying). chard (night flying).
Minor pest. Damage shown on page
male 32.
Minor pest.

Variegated hairy caterpillar (Anthela varia) moth Macadamia cup moth (Comana fasciata)
150 mm 80 mm

0 mm 0 mm
pest
pest

Found anywhere in Found anywhere in or-

orchard (night flying). chard (night flying).
Damage shown on page Damage shown on page
28. 28.
192 Minor pest. Minor pest. 193
 Bizarre looper (Eucyclodes pieroides) moth Fruitspotting bug (Amblypelta nitida)
80 mm 30 mm
female

adult
bug identifier – moths and butterflies

young
0 mm 0 mm

pest

pest
nymph

bug identifier – bugs and beetles

Found anywhere in Found anywhere in the
orchard (night flying). older tree.
male nymph
Damage shown on page Damage shown on page
30. 102.
Minor pest. Major pest.

Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) Bananaspotting bug (Amblypelta lutescens lutescens)

20 mm 30 mm
adult

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

Found anywhere in the

Found on leaves, twigs tree.
and nuts. nymph Damage shown on pages
Incidental insect causing 46 and 102.
little if any damage. Major pest in Queensland
194 only. 195

Redshouldered leaf beetle (Monolepta australis) Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula)
10 mm 30 mm

older nymph

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest
bug identifier – bugs and beetles

bug identifier – bugs and beetles

Found anywhere on tree.
Damage shown on page
Found on leaves, flowers 150.
and nuts.
Sporadic problem but
Damage shown on pages capable of significant
adult
22 and 86. damage, particularly in
young nymph
Major pest in some areas. northern NSW.

Leptocoris bug (Leptocoris rufomarginata and L. tagal- Hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus)
ica) 30 mm 10 mm

0 mm 0 mm
pest

pest

Found anywhere on tree.

Found on leaves, twigs
Damage shown on page and nuts.
148.
Damage shown on pages
Sporadic problem but 36 and 146.
capable of significant
196 damage. Generally a minor pest. 197
 Cicada (Psaltoda sp.) Sigastus weevil (Sigastus sp.)
80 mm 10 mm

adult

0 mm 0 mm

pest

pest
bug identifier – bugs and beetles

bug identifier – bugs and beetles

Nymphal cases found
on trunks and branches. Found anywhere in tree
Adults found anywhere. but mainly on nuts.
Damage on page 34. Damage on page 152.
Sporadic, but capable Can cause significant
of significant damage in damage in a small area of
adult nymphal cases
individual trees. the Atherton Tableland.

Lace bug (Ulonemia sp.) Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor)

10 mm 10 mm

adult

0 mm 0 mm

pest
pest

nymph
Found on flowers and Found in flowers.
occasionally leaves. Incidental insect causing
Damage shown on page little or no damage.
98.
Minor pest.
198 199

Predatory mirid bug Predatory ladybird beetles

5 mm 10 mm
beneficial

beneficial

0 mm 0 mm
bug identifier – bugs and beetles

bug identifier – bugs and beetles

Found in flowers. Found anywhere on tree.
Predator of flower cater- General predator of
pillar. aphids.

Assassin bug (Pristhesancus plagipennis) Predatory mealybug ladybird (Cryptolaemus mon-

40 mm 10 mm
beneficial
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found anywhere on tree. trouzieri)

General predator of most Found anywhere on tree.
caterpillar pests, particularly aphids,
prey mealybugs, scales, cater- Predator of hibiscus
pillars and thrips. mealybug.
200 201
 Mirid bug (Taylorilygus pallidulus) Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni )
5 mm 15 mm

beneficial
0 mm 0 mm

pest
bug identifier – bugs and beetles

bug identifier – flies and wasps

Found mainly in flowers. Found anywhere on tree.
Predator of small insects Pest of other crops (not
and eggs, and feeder on macadamia); often seen
pollen and nectar sheltering in trees.

Honey bee (Apis mellifera)

20 mm

beneficial
0 mm

Found in flowers.
Major pollinator of flow-
ers.

202 203

Native bee (Trigona sp.) Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas)

10 mm 20 mm
beneficial

beneficial

0 mm 0 mm
bug identifier – flies and wasps

bug identifier – flies and wasps

Found in flowers. Found mainly on flowers.
Major pollinator of flow- Predator of aphids and
ers. thrips.

Lacewing (Mallada signata) Trissolcus wasp (Trissolcus basilis)

20 mm 5 mm
beneficial
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found anywhere on tree. Found anywhere on tree.

General predator of most Parasite of eggs of green
pests, particularly aphids, vegetable bug.
mealybugs, scales, cater-
204 pillars and thrips. 205
 Tachinid fly (Argyrophylax proclinata) Coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala)
10 mm 6 mm

beneficial

beneficial
0 mm 0 mm

pest

bug identifier – spiders and ants

bug identifier – flies and wasps

Found anywhere on tree. Found anywhere on tree.

Parasite of yellow peach May carry mealybugs
moth. into the tree and ‘farm’
mealybugs and aphids
for honeydew secretions,
driving off predators.

Paper wasps (Polistes humilis) Lynx spider (Oxyopes sp.)

30 mm 30 mm

beneficial
beneficial

0 mm 0 mm

Found anywhere on tree

as individual wasps or in
nests.
General predator of pests, Found anywhere on tree.
particularly caterpillars. Predator of a wide range
206 of pests. 207

Crab spider (Diaea sp.)

20 mm
beneficial

0 mm
bug identifier – spiders and ants

Index to
scientific names
Found anywhere on tree.
and common names
Predator of a wide range
of pests.

Jumping spider (Opisthoncus sp.)

20 mm
beneficial

0 mm

Found anywhere on tree.

Predator of a wide range
of pests.
208
209
 Scientific names
A Cryptophlebia ombrodelta L Polyphagotarsonemus latus
107, 109, 158, 173, 187 19, 93, 131, 167
Acrocercops chionosema Lepidosaphes macadamiae
Pristhesancus plagipennis
9, 175, 188 D 15, 161
165, 200
Amblypelta lutescens lutescens Leptocoris rufomarginata
Deudorix epijarbas diovis Psaltoda sp. 35, 198
47, 103, 105, 159 149, 196
139, 176, 189 Pseudaulacaspis brimblecombei
Amblypelta nitida Leptocoris tagalica 149, 196
Diaea sp. 208 15, 117, 161
103, 105, 159, 195 Lophodes sinistraria
Dichocrocis punctiferalis Pseudocercospora macadamiae
Anaxidea lozogramma 29, 177 33, 181, 193
125, 175, 191 111
Apis mellifera 203
Dothiorella ribis 51 M
Armillaria luteobubalina 49 R
Aspidiotus nerii 15, 162 E Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Ralstonia solanacearum 53
Assara seminivale 133, 174, 189 37, 147, 197
Elachertus ectoparasite 171, 186
Mallada signata 164, 183, 204 S
B Elachertus sp. 171, 186
Melanastoma agrolas
Eriococcus ironsidei 13, 89, 159 Scirtothrips sp. 17, 85, 129, 166
Bactrocera tryoni 203 165, 184, 205
Erysichton lineata lineata Scolothrips sexmaculatus 170
Botrytis cinerea 83 Micromus tasmaniae 183
95, 163, 181, 191 Selenothrips rubrocinctus
Brevipalpus lewisi 131, 168 Monolepta australis 23, 87, 196
Eucyclodes pieroides 129, 167
C 31, 179, 194 N Sigastus sp. 153, 182, 199
Candalides absimilis G Neodrepta luteotactella T
31, 145, 176, 190 11, 141, 174, 188
Gymnoscelis subrufata 97, 182 Taylorilygus pallidulus 202
Coccinellid ladybird larvae 184 Nezara viridula 151, 160, 197
Toxoptera citricida 21, 101, 168
Coccus longulus 15, 162 H Nysius vinitor 199
Trichogrammatoidea spp. 170
Coequosa triangularis
Heliothrips haemorrhoidatis O Trigona sp. 204
31, 180, 192
129, 166 Trissolcus basilis 205
Colgaroides acuminata Oiketicus elongatus 29, 178
Hemiberlesia lataniae
164, 169, 194 Olene mendosa 33, 180 U
15, 117, 160
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Opisthoncus sp. 208
Ulonemia sp. 99, 198
119 I Oxyopes sp. 207
Comana fasciata 29, 178, 193
Iridomyrmex purpureus 79 P
Corticium salmonicolor 51
Isotenes miserana 27, 177, 190
Cryptoblabes hemigypsa Paranepsia amydra
81, 158, 173, 187 K 65, 139, 163
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Pheidole megacephala 207
147, 185, 201 Kretzschmaria cetrarioides 79
Phytophthora cinnamomi 7
Polistes humilis 206
210 211

Common names
A C 159, 165, 195 long soft scale 15, 162
Lycaenid butterfly 163
adhering husk 137 caterpillar 29, 183, 206 G lynx spider 207
algal leaf spot 63 brown tufted 180
glyphosate 25 M
animal damage 135 flower 185, 200
graft incompatibility 77
ant 20 macadamia flower
green vegetable bug macadamia cup moth 178
coastal brown 207 158, 173, 187
151, 160, 197, 205 macadamia felted coccid 13, 89,
meat 79 predator 200, 204
greenhouse thrips 129, 166 159
anthracnose 119 variegated hairy 179, 192
grey blight 83 macadamia flower caterpillar 81,
aphid 183, 207 chimera 77
158, 173, 187
black citrus 21, 101, 168 cicada 35, 198 H macadamia leafminer
predator 165, 184, 200, 201, citrus flat mite 131, 168
hail damage 67, 141 9, 175, 188
204, 205 coastal brown ant 207
hairyline blue butterfly macadamia mussel scale 15, 161
Armillaria root rot 49 Coccinellid ladybird larvae 184
95, 163, 181, 191 macadamia nutborer
assassin bug 165, 200 cold damage 73
heat stress 39 107, 109, 158, 173, 187
copper deficiency 69
B herbicides 25, 43 macadamia twig-girdler
Cornelian butterfly
desiccant 91 11, 141, 174, 188
bacterial wilt 53 139, 176, 189
hibiscus mealybug macadamia white scale 117, 161
bagworm 29 cracked shells 123
37, 147, 185, 197, 201 magnesium deficiency 57
bananaspotting bug 47, 103, 105, cup moth 29, 177, 193
husk rot disease 119 manganese toxicity 67
159, 165, 195 mango planthopper
D husk spot 111, 115
bee 164, 169, 194
honey 203 doubleheaded hawk moth I mealybug 37, 183, 207
native 204 31, 180, 192 hibiscus 197
bizarre looper 31, 179, 194 iron deficiency 55 predator 200, 204
black citrus aphid 21, 101, 168 E
K mealybug ladybird
black shells 127 Eucalyptus torelliana 23, 87 146, 185, 201
blossom blight 83 early germination of nuts 121 kernel grub 133, 174, 189 meat ants 79
boron deficiency 59 mirid bug 200, 202
boron toxicity 61 F L mistletoe infestation 65
branch dieback 51 mite
felted coccid predator 184 lace bug 99, 198
broad mite 19, 93, 131, 167 broad 19, 93, 131, 167
fire burn damage 75 lacewing 164, 183, 204
brown lacewing larvae 183 citrus flat 131, 168
flower caterpillar 81, 185, 200 ladybird 146
brown looper 33, 181, 193 predators 169
flower looper 97, 182 large bagworm 178
brown tufted caterpillar 33, 180 Monolepta beetle 23, 87
flower thrips 17, 85, 129, 166 latania scale 15, 117, 160, 172
frost damage 73, 93 leafminer 186
fruitspotting bug 103, 105, 115, lichen infestation 63
212 213
 N Rutherglen bug 199 tree decline 5, 115
Trichogrammatoidea wasp 170
nitrogen deficiency 41 S Trissolcus wasp 205
nut stemborer 139, 163 trunk canker disease 7
salt 45
nutborer 115, 165, 170, 186
scale 183 V
parasite 171
insects 117
nuts, early germination 121
latania 172 variegated hairy caterpillar
O long soft 162 179, 192
macadamia mussel 15, 161 vining disorder 71
oleander scale 15, 162 oleander 162
open micropyle 137 predator 200, 204 W
orange fruitborer 27, 177, 190 shrivelled kernel 127 wasp ectoparasite 172, 185, 186
Sigastus weevil 153, 182, 199 water stress 91, 143
P
sooty mould 21, 147 white scale 15
pale shells 127 spiders witch’s broom 25
paper wasps 206 crab 208
pencilled blue butterfly jumping 208 Y
31, 145, 176, 190 lynx 207
spotting bug yellow peach moth
Phytoseiid predatory mite 169
egg parasite 171 125, 175, 191, 206
pigs 135
Pinks disease 51 spray damage 43, 91, 143 Z
predatory ladybird beetles 201 stemborer 139
predatory thrips 170 sticktight 107, 109, 123 zinc deficiency 59
premature nut drop 115 Stilbella fungus 119
prominent suture 149 syrphid fly 165, 184, 205

Q T
Queensland fruit fly 203 Tachinid fly 206
tall tree syndrome 71
R thrips 129, 183
raceme blight 83 flower 129
rat damage 113 greenhouse 129, 166
redbanded thrips 129, 167 predator 165, 169, 184, 200,
redshouldered leaf beetle 204, 205
23, 87, 196 predatory 170
root and trunk disease 79 redbanded 129, 167
214 tip borer 65 215