Syrian Virtual University

BAIT-IOS202: Windows Platform-I

MODULE 1: INSTALLING, UPGRADING,

AND MIGRATING SERVERS AND
WORKLOADS
Module 1: Installing, upgrading, and migrating servers
and workloads
Module Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1
Lesson 1: Introducing Windows Server 2016 ................................................................................. 2
Lesson 2: Preparing and installing Server Core .............................................................................. 5
Lesson 3: Preparing for upgrades and migrations ........................................................................... 9
Lesson 4: Migrating server roles and workloads .......................................................................... 11
Lesson 5: Windows Server activation models .............................................................................. 12
Lab: Installing and configuring Server Core ................................................................................. 13
Module Review and Takeaways ................................................................................................... 14

Module Overview
As a system administrator, one of the early questions you will face is: what Windows edition
meets better your organization needs? Therefore, to effectively benefits from Windows Server
you need to understand the new features available in Windows Server 2016, and differences
between its editions and installation.
In addition, if you have existing servers running prior Windows Servers versions, you must
decide how to upgrade or migrate them to Windows Server 2016.
P.S: You will face many new terms in this module; lot of them will be covered in details later in
next sessions.

Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
 Describe the new features of Windows Server 2016.
 Prepare for and install Windows Server 2016.
 Plan for server upgrade and migration.
 Perform a migration of server roles and workloads.
 Choose an appropriate activation model.

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Lesson 1: Introducing Windows Server 2016
Deploying Windows Servers requires careful planning before you touch any hardware including
selecting the proper operating system edition, the best installation option for your organization's
needs, features and roles of each server and the virtualization strategy you should use. This
lesson explores the new features and capabilities in Windows Server 2016, in particular the
various installation options available to help you to determine the appropriate Windows Server
2016 edition per workloads.

Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
 Select a suitable Windows Server 2016 edition.
 Describe the hardware requirements for Windows Server 2016.
 Describe installation options for Windows Server 2016.
 Describe the new features of Windows Server 2016.

Selecting the suitable Windows Server 2016 edition

Microsoft provides Windows Server 2016 in several editions. As system administrator, you
should determine the appropriate version of Windows Server2016 that best meets your
organization needs (features, Resources and budget). Available versions include:
Windows Server 2016 Essentials - Designed for small businesses.
edition - Up to 25 users.
- 50 devices
- Two processor cores
- Up to 64 GB RAM
- Do not support virtualization.
Windows Server 2016 Standard edition - Designed for physical server environments with
little or no virtualization.
- Up to 64 sockets.
- Up to 4 TB RAM
- Include license for 2 virtual machines.
- Support Nano installation.
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter - Designed for highly virtualized infrastructures.
edition - Up to 64 sockets.
- Up to 640 processor cores.
- 4 TB of RAM
- Unlimited Windows Server–based virtual
machine licenses.
Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016 - Stand-alone virtualization server for virtual
machines
- Up to 64 sockets
- 4 TB of RAM
- No GUI
Windows Storage Server 2016 - Entry-level unified storage appliance.
Workgroup edition - 50 Users.
- One processor core.
- 32 GB RAM
Windows Storage Server 2016 Standard - Up to 64 sockets.
edition - Licensed on a two-socket basis.
- 4 TB of RAM.

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 - Includes two virtual machine licenses.
Exercise: Compare Windows server 2016 editions by supported server roles.

Hardware requirements
The hardware requirements needed to support Windows Server 2016 depend on:
 The services that the server is hosting.
 The load on the server.
 How responsive you want the server to be.
 The installation type (Desktop experience/Core).
 The installation method (Network/local media).
 The operating system environment (OSE): Physical/Virtual.
The absolute minimum required for a Server Core installation on a physical server is:
Processor architecture 64-bit
Processor speed 1.4 gigahertz (GHz)
RAM 512 MB(Core)/2 GB (Full)
Hard drive space 32 GB

Note: A Windows Server 2016 installation on a virtual machine with the minimum single
processor core and 512 MB of RAM fails. However, you can allocate more memory for the
installation and then reduce it 512 MB afterwards, and the operating system runs.

Question: What are the factors/needs/scenarios that you need to keep in mind when determining
the hardware requirements for your servers?

Installation options
There are two installation options for Windows Server 2016:
 Windows Server 2016 (Desktop Experience):
o The full installation with graphical management interface.
o Supports all Windows Server roles.
 Windows Server 2016 (Core):
o Command line management interface.
o Does not support all server roles.

What’s new since Windows Server 2008 was released?

Windows Server 2016 provides many new features and a number of significant improvements.
Some of them were introduced in Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2012 R2, and others
are new to Windows Server 2016.

Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2012 R2

 Work Folders: Access and synchronize corporate data files
 DHCP failover
 IP Address Management (IPAM): Monitor, audit, and manage servers running DHCP and
DNS.
 Dynamic Access Control: enables you to apply access control permissions based on rules
that can include the sensitivity of the resources, the job or role of the user, and the
configuration of the device that is used to access these resources.
 Data deduplication: finding and removing duplication within data.
 Storage Spaces: Enables cost-effective, highly available, scalable, and flexible storage.
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  Storage tiers: Automatically moves frequently accessed data to faster storage and less-
frequently accessed data to slower storage.
 Better support for domain controller virtualization.
 Cloning virtual domain controllers.

Windows Server 2016

 Windows Server containers and Hyper-V containers: Isolate your apps from the operating
system environment.
 Dockers: a technology for managing containers.
 Rolling upgrades for Hyper-V and storage clusters: Add Windows Server 2016 nodes to
an existing Windows Server 2012 R2 failover cluster.
 The ability to hot add and hot remove virtual memory and network adapters from virtual
machines.
 Nested virtualization.
 Shielded virtual machines: protecting data on the virtual machine from unauthorized
access.
 PowerShell Direct: Run Windows PowerShell commands against a guest operating
system in a virtual machine without handling security policies, host network settings, or
firewall settings.
 Windows Defender: Protect your server against malware
 Storage Spaces Direct: Enables you to build highly available storage with directly
attached disks on each node in a cluster
 Storage Replica: Replicate volumes at the block level.
 Microsoft Passport: Replace passwords with two-factor authentication that consists of an
enrolled device and a Windows Hello (biometric) or PIN.
 Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS): including support for privileged access
management (PAM), Azure AD join and Microsoft passport.

Windows Server Servicing Channels

Windows Server 2016 follow a servicing model known as Windows-as-a-Service for delivering
new features and updates. It has two channels:
 Semi-Annual Channel:
o Microsoft Software Assurance (SA) agreement.
o Released every 6 months (first version 1709).
o Identified by YYMM. (Y: year, M: Month).
o New or updated features that are not available on LTSC.
 Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC)
o Every 3 years
o Considered as a New Windows server version

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Lesson 2: Preparing and installing Windows Server
This lesson describes each of Windows Server 2016 installation options: Desktop Experience or
Server Core, and provides guidance on how to perform an installation of Windows Server 2016.

Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
 Explain how to plan for Server installation.
 Explain how to install Server Core/Full.
 Explain the post-installation configuration.
 Explain how to select a suitable installation type.
 Describe the tools available for remote managing Windows Server 2016.
 Explain how to use Windows PowerShell to manage Windows servers.

Planning for Server Core

Server Core is the default installation option for windows server 2016. It has many advantages
over the full installation:
 Reduced update requirements: Because it installs fewer components
 A reduced hardware footprint: Less RAM and disk space.
 Smaller attack surface: Installing fewer components reduces the security vulnerabilities
It also has some disadvantages including:
 Cannot run application with GUI.
 Limited local management options: Cmd.exe, PowerShell, Regedit.exe, Msinfo32.exe,
Sconfig.exe and taskmgr.exe. But with Remote management you will rarely need to sign
in locally.

Available Server roles:

The following server roles are available on Server Core:
 AD CS
 AD DS
 DHCP Server
 DNS Server
 File Services (including File Server Resource Manager)
 Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS)
 Hyper-V
 Print and Document Services
 Streaming Media Services
 Web Server (including a subset of ASP.NET)
 Windows Server Update Server
 Active Directory Rights Management Server
 Routing and Remote Access Server and the following sub roles:
o Remote Desktop Connection Broker
o Licensing
o Virtualization

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Installing Server Core and Server with Desktop Experience
Get ready for the installation
Before installing Windows Server 2016 you should perform several tasks to prepare for
installation:
 Disconnect any undesired device (UPS with serial connection)
 Back up your server
 Disable virus protection software
 Copy storage devices drivers

Step by step installation

Installing Windows Server 2016 is largely the same whether you are installing Server Core or
Server with Desktop Experience
 Connect to the installation source (DVD, USB, PXE boot), start your server and press
any key to boot from the installation media.
 Provide local-based information
 Select the operating system to install.
 Review the license terms.
 Select installation location
 Provide local administrator password.

Post-installation configuration
After you have installed Windows Server 2016, you typically should complete the following
tasks:
 Configure the IP address
 Set the computer name
 Join an Active Directory domain
 Configure the time zone
 Enable automatic updates
 Add roles and features
 Enable the Remote Desktop feature
 Configure Windows Defender Firewall settings
The tools that you can use to complete these tasks depend on the installation type:
 Core
o PowerShell or other command-line tools.
o Remotely.
 Full
o Server manager

Managing servers remotely

The best practice to manage Windows Server is to use remote management tools, especially with
Core installation. After configuring the network and firewall settings, you can perform other
management tasks remotely.

Remote management tools:

Windows Server 2016 provides many tools that you may use to manage remote servers.
 Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT): available for Windows 10 and includes:
o Server Manager
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 o Active Directory Administrative Center.
o Management consoles/Administrative tools
 Server Manager: you can use server manager to:
o Manage local and remote servers.
o Create server groups.
o Run the Best Practices Analyzer
 Windows PowerShell remoting can be used to:
o Run Windows PowerShell commands and scripts against remote servers.
 PowerShell Direct can be used to:
o Run Windows PowerShell commands and scripts virtual machine from Hyper-V
host.
 Remote Shell (WinRS) can be used to:
o Run remote commands against remote servers that supports Windows Remote
Management (WinRM).
 Remote desktop can be used to:
o Connect to a remote full or Core(SConfig.cmd) server
 Group Policy: you can apply group policies on Windows Server2016 like any other
computer running windows systems.

Firewall settings
Depending on the tool you use for remote management, some firewall exceptions should be
configured, such as:
 COM+ Network Access (DCOM-In)
 Remote Event Log Management (NP-In)
 Remote Event Log Management (RPC)
 Remote Event Log Management (RPC-EPMAP)

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Using Windows PowerShell 5.0 to manage servers
PowerShell 5.0 is a scripting language and command-line interface designed to assist you in
performing administrative tasks, and to manage remote servers through:

- Executing cmdlets at a PowerShell command prompt.

- Combine cmdlets into PowerShell scripts.

Importing modules
Not all PowerShell cmdlets are installed by default. You may need to import additional modules.
To import modules you use the Import-Module cmdlet:

Get-Module –ListAvailable
Import-Module -name ADDSDeployment

Windows PowerShell remote management

PowerShell can be used to temotely run cmdlets on other Windows systems (remoting),
PowerShell remoting depends on the WinRM service on the target systems. You can enable
WinRM service manually or by running Enable-PSRemoting on the target computer.
To start a one-to-one session:
1- On the remote server with administrative privileges:
Enable-PSRemoting –Force
2- In both computer configure the TrustedHosts:
winrm set winrm/config/client '@{TrustedHosts="Other-PC"}'
3- Restart WinRM Service
Restart-Service WinRM
4- Test the Connection
Test-WsMan <RemoteCoputerName>
5- Create PowerShell session and run cmdlets:
$cred=Get-Credential
$sess = New-PSSession -Credential $cred -ComputerName < RemoteCoputerName >
Enter-PSSession $sess
<Run commands in remote session>
Exit-PSSession
Remove-PSSession $sess

PowerShell Direct
PowerShell Direct enables you to run PowerShell commands and script in a Hyper-V VM from
the host operating system. Use the following cmdlet to start a remote session between your host
and a the VM :

Enter-PSSession -VMName VMName

Then you can normally run cmdlets on the target VMName.

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Lesson 3: Preparing for upgrades and migrations
When deploying Windows Server 2016 you have to identify when to upgrade the existing
Windows Server using the existing hardware or when you should migrate the existing roles and
features to a clean installation of Windows Server 2016.

Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
 Describe the differences between an in-place upgrade and migration.
 Identify scenarios when an in-place upgrade is appropriate.
 Identify the benefits of migrating to Windows Server 2016.
 List solution accelerators available to help with your upgrade or migration.
 Describe best practices for server consolidation.

In-place upgrades vs. server migration

Upgrade
You perform an upgrade when you want to keep files, settings and installed applications and
want to continue using the same server hardware.
 Windows Server 2008 R2 or later.
 Same or newer edition
 Same processor architecture
Exercise: Provide a list of possible upgrades to Windows Server 2016 from different Windows
Server 2008 or later.

Migration
You perform an upgrade when you want to use new hardware, and migrate the roles, features,
and settings from old servers.
 Supported versions: Windows Server (2012, 2008, 2003)
 Use Windows Server Migration Tools to transfer files and settings from the old server.

In-place upgrade scenarios

Choose to perform an in-place upgrade when:
 Existing server's hardware meets the requirements for Windows Server 2016.
 Existing software products support in-place upgrade of Windows Server 2016
 You want to keep existing data and security permissions.
 You want to keep existing roles, features and settings.

Benefits of migrating to Windows Server 2016

You may choose to perform a migration for the following benefits:
 Do not affect the current IT infrastructure
 Perform software product migration in a separate environment
 Perform migration of server roles
 New operating system enhancements are installed by default

Solution accelerators
Microsoft provides some tools to assist you in upgrade/migration processes:
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  Microsoft Deployment Toolkit
o Automate server (and desktop) deployments.
 Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP)
o Perform inventory on IT infrastructure
o Generate report or proposal based on the Windows Server 2016 Readiness
Assessment
o Capture performance metrics of the current IT infrastructure
o Estimate server utilization based on that metrics
 Win Server migration tools
o Migrating server roles and features

Recommendations for server consolidation

 Can multiple roles Cohost on one server?
 Are Cohosted roles affecting performance?
 Are Cohosted roles supported for High availability configurations?

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Lesson 4: Migrating server roles and workloads
When considering a new operating system deployment, you should plan for the upgrade and
migration?
- Does actual IT infrastructure support the new OS.
- What Edition should you choose?
- What is your strategy for migrating/upgrading?
- What roles/features can be migrated/Cohested?
- What roles/features can be consolidated into virtual machines?

Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
 Explain how to implement server migrations.
 Explain how to migrate servers across domains.

Migrating server roles within a domain

The roles that you can migrate include:
 Active Directory Certificate Services
 Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) Role Services
 File and Storage Services
 DHCP
 DNS
 Hyper-V
 Network Policy Server
 Print and Document Services
 Remote Access
 Remote Desktop Services
 Cluster Role Services
 Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)

Migrating server roles across domains or forests

To migrate a server across domains
 Create a new Windows Server 2016 AD DS forest
 Deploy new Windows Servers 2016 server
 Deploy Microsoft applications.
 Configure DNS infrastructure
 Establish AD DS trust between the current and the new AD DS forests.
 Migrate AD DS objects
 Migrate application data and settings
 Ensure that users can connect to corporate IT resources in the new AD DS forest
 Decommission and remove the old AD DS environment

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Lesson 5: Windows Server activation models
When planning server upgrade and migrating, you should consider system licensing and
activation.

Lesson Objectives
After this lesson, you will be able to:
 Describe the volume licensing and activation options for Windows Server 2016.
 Plan a suitable volume activation process.

Windows Server 2016 licensing and activation

Activation strategy When use
Manual: Deploying small number of
you must enter the product key servers
Automatic: Deploying large number of
without having to enter product keys manually on servers
each system
 Key Management Services (KMS).
 Volume Activation Services server role
 Active Directory-Based Activation
 Volume Activation Tools console
 Volume Activation Management Tool
(VAMT).
 Multiple Activation Key (MAK).
 Automatic Virtual Machine Activation
(AVMA).
* Licensing changes since Windows Server 2008

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Lab: Installing and configuring Server Core
Estimated Time: 60 minutes

Exercise 1: Installing Windows Server 2016

Exercise 2: Completing post-installation tasks

Task 1: Rename the server
Task 2: configure network interfaces.
Task 3: configuring firewall for remote management.
Task 4: complete other tasks.

Exercise 3: Performing remote management

Task 1: Enable remote management with Server Manager.
Task 2: Test the file server on the remote server.

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Module Review and Takeaways
Review Questions
Question: What major advantages does Server Core have over a full Windows Server 2016
installation?
Question: Five years ago, your organization bought a new rack-mount server and installed
Windows Server 2012 on it. You now want to install Windows Server 2016 via the upgrade
method. What should you do?
Question: Which role can you use to manage KMS?

Tools
The following table lists the tools that this module references.
Tool Use to Where to find it
RSAT  Used for managing servers remotely Download from the Microsoft
from a Windows 10 workstation download center
Sconfig.cmd  Used for configuring a Server Core Start from a command prompt
installation or
Windows PowerShell console
Windows Server  Use for assistance in migrating from Download from the Microsoft
Migration Tools one version of Windows Server to download center
another version
Volume  Use the VAMT to manage Multiple Download from the Microsoft
Activation Activation Keys (MAKs) download center
Management
Tool

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