INDIAN SCHOOL AL SEEB

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND HUMANITIES

CLASS XII
BUSINESS STUDIES PROJECT- 2021-‘22

PROJECT WORK IN BUSINESS STUDIES FOR CLASS XII

Introduction
The course in Business Studies is introduced at Senior School level to provide students with a
sound understanding of the principles and practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as
well as their relationship with the society. Business is a dynamic process that brings together
technology, natural resources and human initiative in a constantly changing global
environment. With the purpose to help them understand the framework within which a
business operates, and its interaction with the social, economic, technological and legal
environment, the CBSE has introduced Project Work in the Business Studies Syllabus for Classes
XI and XII. The projects have been designed to allow students to appreciate that business is an
integral component of society and help them develop an understanding of the social and ethical
issues concerning them.
The project work also aims to empower the teacher to relate all the concepts with what is
happening around the world and the student’s surroundings, making them appear more clear
and contextual. This will enable the student to enjoy studies and use his free time effectively in
observing what’s happening around.
By means of Project Work the students are exposed to life beyond textbooks giving them
opportunities to refer materials, gather information, analyze it further to obtain relevant
information and decide what matter to keep.
Objectives
After doing the Project Work in Business Studies, the students will be able to do the following:
 develop a practical approach by using modern technologies in the field of business and
management;  get an opportunity for exposure to the operational environment in the field of
business management and related services;
 inculcate important skills of team work, problem solving, time management, information
collection, processing, analysing and synthesizing relevant information to derive meaningful
conclusions
 get involved in the process of research work; demonstrate his or her capabilities while
working independently and
 make studies an enjoyable experience to cherish.
 Sl No. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. It is a project for final evaluation.
2. Each student should select one of the following Projects.
3. Student should be used A4 size paper for writing the project.
4. Only one side of the paper should be used.
5. The Project should be handwritten.
6. The total length of the project will be 25-30 pages.

Students are supposed to select one unit out of four and are required to make only ONE
project from the selected unit. (Consist of one project of 20 marks)

I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment

The teachers should help the students in selecting any one element of the following:

1. Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic impact.
The teacher may guide the students to identify the following changes:
a) The changes in transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard crates being used in
place of wooden crates, etc. Reasons for above changes.
b) Milk being supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetra-pack and through
vending machines.
c) Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining preference over wooden furniture.
d) The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.
e) Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and cloth bags.
f) Re use of packaging [bottles, jars and tins] to attract customers for their products. g) The
concept of pyramid packaging for milk.
h) Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.
i) Packaging used as means of advertisements.
2. The reasons behind changes in the following:
Coca – Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thums up and Campa Cola in the eighties to Pepsi
and Coke in nineties. The teacher may guide the students to the times when India sold Coca
Cola and Fanta which were being manufactured in India by the foreign companies.
The students may be asked to enquire about
a) Reasons of stopping the manufacturing of the above mentioned drinks in India THEN.
b) The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.
c) Re-entry of Coke and introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.
d) Factors responsible for the change.
e) Other linkages with the above.
f) Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.
g) Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.
h) The rating of the above brands in the market.
i) The survival and reasons of failure in competition with the international brands. j) Other
observations made by the students
The teacher may develop the following on the above lines

3. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families, nuclear families,
women as a bread earner of the family, changes in the requirement trend of mixers, washing
machines, micro wave and standard of living.
4. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different Products.
5. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.
6. A study on child labour laws, its implementation and consequences.
7. The state of ‘anti plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects and implementation.
8. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules and regulations, licences required for
running that business.
9. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product. (Dish washer, Atta
maker, etc)
10. What has the effect of change in environment on the types of goods and services?
The students can take examples like:
a) Washing machines, micro waves, mixers and grinder.
b) Need for crèche, day care centre for young and old.
c) Ready to eat food, eating food outside, and tiffin centres.
11. Change in the man-machine ratio with technological advances resulting in change of cost
structure.
12. Effect of changes in technological environment on the behaviour of employee.
II. Project Two: Principles of Management
The students are required to visit any one of the following:
1. A departmental store.
2. An Industrial unit.
3. A fast food outlet.
4. Any other organisation approved by the teacher. They are required to observe the
application of the general Principles of management advocated by Fayol.

Fayol’s principles
1. Division of work.
2. Unity of command.
3. Unity of direction.
4. Scalar chain
5. Espirit de corps
6. Fair remuneration to all.
7. Order.
8. Equity.
9. Discipline
10. Subordination of individual interest to general interest.
11. Initiative.
12. Centralisation and decentralisation.
13. Stability of tenure.
OR
They may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques by F.W. Taylor in
the unit visited.
Scientific techniques of management.
1. Functional foremanship.
2. Standardisation and simplification of work.
3. Method study.
4. Motion Study.
5. Time Study.
6. Fatigue Study
7. Differential piece rate plan.
Tips to teacher (i) The teacher may organize this visit. (ii) The teacher should facilitate the
students to identify any unit of their choice and guide them to identify the principles that are
being followed. (iii) Similarly they should guide the students to identify the techniques of
scientific management implemented in the organisation. (iv) It may be done as a group activity.
 erent stages of division of work resulting

and pattern in the organisation.

amongst all.

and advantages of method study.

vi. It is advised that students should be motivated to pick up different areas of visit. As
presentations of different areas in the class would help in better understanding to the other
students.
vii. The students may be encouraged to develop worksheets. Teachers should help students to
prepare observation tools to be used for undertaking the project. Examples; worksheets,
questionnaire, interviews and organisational chart etc.

III. Project Three: Stock Exchange

The purpose of this project is to teach school students the values of investing and utilising the
stock market. This project also teaches important lessons about the economy, mathematics and
financial responsibility.
The basis of this project is to learn about the stock market while investing a specified amount of
fake money in certain stocks. Students then study the results and buy and sell as they see fit.
This project will also guide the students and provide them with the supplies necessary to
successfully monitor stock market trends and will teach students how to calculate profit and
loss on stock. The project work will enable the students to:

nals/newspapers and
seeking information from their elders.
The students are expected to: a) Develop a brief report on History of Stock Exchanges in India.
(your country)
b) Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.
c) To make an imaginary portfolio totalling a sum of Rs. 50,000 equally in any of the 5
companies of their choice listed above over a period of twenty working days.
The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily basis and present it
diagrammatically on the graph paper.

Act. They will also come across with terms like closing prices, opening prices, etc.
upposed to distinctively record the daily and
starting and closing prices of the week other days under the negotiable instrument act so that
they acquire knowledge about closing and opening prices.
the fluctuations of prices. Normally it
would be related to the front page news of the a business journal, for example,
Change of seasons.

 Festivals.
 Spread of epidemic
 Strikes and accidents
 Natural and human disasters.
 Political environment.
 Lack of faith in the government policies
 Impact of changes in government policies for specific industry.

 Relations with the neighbouring countries.
 Crisis in developed countries, etc.
The students are expected to find the value of their investments and accordingly rearrange
their portfolio. The project work should cover the following aspects; 1. Graphical presentation
of the share prices of different companies on different dates. 2. Change in market value of
shares due to change of seasons, festivals, natural and human disasters. 3. Change in market
value of shares due to change in political environment/ policies of various countries/crisis in
developed countries or any other reasons 4. Identify the top ten companies out of the 25
selected on the basis of their market value of shares. It does not matter if they have made
profits or losses.

IV. Project Four: Marketing

1. Adhesives
2. Air conditioners
3. Baby diapers
4. Bathing Soap
5. Bathroom cleaner
6. Bike
7. Blanket
8. Body Spray
9. Bread
10. Breakfast cereal
11. Butter
12. Camera 1
3. Car
14. Cheese spreads
15. Chocolate
16. Coffee
17. Cosmetology product
18. Crayons
19. Crockery
20. Cutlery
21. Cycle
22. DTH
23. Eraser
24. e-wash
25. Fairness cream
26. Fans
27. Fruit candy 53. Razor
28. Furniture 54. Ready Soups
29. Hair Dye
30. Hair Oil 55. Refrigerator
31. Infant dress 56. RO system
32. Inverter 57. Roasted snacks
33. Jams 58. Salt
34. Jeans 59. Sarees
35. Jewellery 60. Sauces/ Ketchup
36. Kurti 61. Shampoo
37. Ladies bag 62. Shaving cream
38. Ladies footwear 63. Shoe polish
39. Learning Toys 64. Shoes
40. Lipstick 65. Squashes
41. Microwave oven
42. Mixers 66. Suitcase/ airbag
43. Mobile 67. Sunglasses
44. Moisturizer 68. Tea
45. Music player 69. Tiffin Wallah
46. Nail polish 70. Toothpaste
47. Newspaper 71. Wallet
48. Noodles 72. Washing detergent
49. Pen 73. Washing machine
50. Pen drive 74. Washing powder
51. Pencil 75. Water bottle
52. Pickles. 76. Water storage tank
77. Wipes

Any more as suggested by the teacher.

The teacher must ensure that the identified product should not be items whose
consumption/use is discouraged by the society and government like alcohol products/pan
masala and tobacco products, etc.
Identify one product/service from the above which the students may like to
manufacture/provide [pre-assumption].
Now the students are required to make a project on the identified product/service keeping in
mind the following:
1. Why have they selected this product/service?
2. Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.
3. What permission and licences would be required to make the product?
4. What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition.[U.S.P.]?
5. Does your product have any range give details?
6. What is the name of your product?
7. Enlist its features.
8. Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.
9. Draw a logo for your product.
10. Draft a tag line.
11. What is the selling price of your competitor’s product? (i) Selling price to consumer (ii)
Selling price to retailer (iii) Selling price to wholesaler

12. How will your product be packaged?

13. Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for selection?
14. Decisions related to warehousing, state reasons.
15. What is going to be your selling price? (i) To consumer (ii) To retailer (iii) To wholesaler
16. List 5 ways of promoting your product.
17. Any schemes for (i) The wholesaler (ii) The retailer (iii) The consumer
18. What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?
19. What means of transport you will use and why?
20. Draft a social message for your label.
21. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.
22. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your promotion plan.
At this stage the students will realise the importance of the concept of marketing mix and the

On the basis of the work done by the students the project report should include the following:
1. Type of product /service identified and the (consumer/industries) process involve there in.
2. Brand name and the product.
3. Range of the product.
4. Identification mark or logo.
5. Tagline.
6. Labeling and packaging.
7. Price of the product and basis of price fixation.
8. Selected channels of distribution and reasons thereof.
9. Decisions related to transportation and warehousing. State reasons.
10. Promotional techniques used and starting reasons for deciding the particular technique.
11. Grading and standardization.

Presentation and Submission of Project Report:

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project report.
Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.
1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.
2. The project should be handwritten.
3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.
4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence-
5. Cover page should include the title of the Project, student information, school and year.
6. List of contents.
7. Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, the places visited and
the persons who have helped).
8. Introduction.
9. Topic with suitable heading.
10. Planning and activities done during the project, if any.
11. Observations and findings of the visit.
12. Conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study).
13. Photographs (if any).
14.
15. Signatures of the teachers.
16. At the completion of the evaluation of the project, it should be punched in the centre so
that the report may not be reused but is available for reference only.
17. The project will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best projects.
ASSESSMENT

Allocation of Marks = 20 Marks

The marks will be allocated under the following heads:
1 Initiative, cooperativeness and participation 2 Mark
2 Creativity in presentation 2 Mark
3 Content, observation and research work 4 Marks
4 Analysis of situations 4 Marks
5 Viva 8 Marks
Total 20 Marks