BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA), Clark

Development Corporation (CDC))
 Utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation
 Industries such as mining, fishing, construction, and
maritime
• Further apply to contractors and subcontractors including
those engaged in the projects of the public sector
 Workers of contractors and subcontractors deployed to
INTRODUCTION TO OSH establishments should follow the OSH policy and
program where they are assigned
Importance of OSH • This Rules shall also apply to establishments, franchises,
• It seeks to secure the health, safety and welfare of all and branches with less than one hundred (100)
persons at work and other persons who may be at risk as a
employees
result of activities at work
• Shall not cover the public sector as national government
• That employers provides and maintain plants and systems
that are reasonably and practicably safe
agencies, government-owned and controlled
• That employers must keep revised, written safety policy
corporations with original charters, government financial
statement showing the arrangement and organization of institutions, state universities and colleges and local
their safety procedures. These rules and procedures must government units
be known to all employees  Provided that, this Rules shall apply to its contractors
• It provides that employees are also required by law to and subcontractors engaged in the projects of the
cooperate in meeting statutory requirements and must not public sector
interfere with or misuse materials provided to secure health, Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
safety and welfare • A set of mandatory rules on OSH which codifies all safety
• It ensures that Commission set up by government are orders issued prior to its promulgation
empowered to make health and safety regulations or codes
• Patterned after the Standards of other developed
of practice for most industries and failure to observe any
countries
provision of practice may render an employer liable to
prosecution Its Objectives:
• Ensures regular compliance to standards and wide-ranging Participants will be able to
powers are given to inspectors to ensure compliance with • Express appreciation on OSH and recognize the
the Act. importance of various data and legislation relating to OSH
OSH Legislations • Understand, learn and discuss basic concepts of OSH
Shall be able to: towards an effective OSH implementation in the
• State the legal basis, purpose and coverage of the workplace
Standards • Recognize safety hazards and appropriate safety
• Articulate the responsibilities of management and workers measures in their workplace
in maintaining safe and healthy working environment • Perform risks/hazards assessment, evaluation and
• State and comply with the administrative Rules of the recommend measures of control
Standards • Know how to respond in workplace emergencies and
• Discuss how the OSH laws, policies, rules and regulation participate during conduct of emergency drills
are administered and enforced • Identify the prescribed administrative requirements and
RA 11058 and its IRR (DO 198-18) express commitment to OSH
RA 11058 OSH Standards: General Provisions
• Apply to all establishments, projects, sites, including Section 03 – Policies on Safety and Health at Work
Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) establishments • Safety is non-negotiable
and all other places where work is being undertaken in all
• Compliance
branches of economic activity, except in the public sector
• Strong safety and health organization
• The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall issue the
appropriate standards of occupational safety and health for • Continuous improvement
such purpose based on the number of employees, nature of • Leadership and participation
operations and the risk or hazard involved • Behavioral approach
• Communication, education and training
Proposed IRR
• Implementation, certification and audits
• Shall apply to:
• Community, supply chain, contractors
 Establishments located inside special economic zones
and other investment promotion agencies (e.g.,

P a g e 1 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Section 04 – Duties of Employers, Workers and Other Section 07 – Workers’ Right to Report Accidents
Persons • Workers shall have the right to report accidents and
Duties of Employers hazards to the employer, to the DOLE and other
• Equip a place of employment for workers free from concerned government agencies
hazardous conditions
Section 08 – Worker’s Right to PPE
• Provide complete job safety instructions and proper
• Every employer shall provide his workers, free of charge,
orientation to all workers
protective equipment
• Ensure that all types of workplace hazards/stresses –
• All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and
chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and
approved by the DOLE based on its standards
psychosocial – are controllable when appropriate
measures of protection are taken Section 09 – Safety Signage and Devices
• Use only approved specific industry set of standards of • Places where work is being undertaken shall have safety
devices and equipment signage and devices to warn the workers and the public
• Comply with OSH standards including training, medical of the hazards in the workplace
examination, protective and safety devices such as PPE • Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent
and machine guards positions and strategic locations in a language
• Make arrangements for workers and their representatives understandable to all
to have the time and resource to participate actively in the Section 10 – Safety in the Use Equipment
processes of organizing, planning and implementation, • In relation to the use of equipment, employer must
monitoring, evaluation and action for improvement of the comply with the DOLE requirements in the different
OSH management system phases of the company or projects operation including
• Provide for measures identifying trainings and drills, the transport to and from the place where work is being
evacuation plans, etc., to deal with emergencies, fires undertaken
and accidents including first-aid arrangements
• Comply with all reportorial requirements of the OSH Section 11 – Occupational Safety and Health Information
standards • Workers where work is being undertaken shall be
• Register establishment to DOLE as provided under the provided with adequate and suitable information by the
OSH standards employer on safety and health hazards, and the
appropriate measures against those hazards
Duties of Workers
• Participate in capacity building activities on safety and Section 12 – Occupational Safety Health (OSH) Program
health and other OSH related topics and programs Covered workplaces shall have a safety and health program
• Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices including the following policies, guidelines or information:
• Comply with instructions to prevent accidents or imminent • Statement of commitment to comply with OSH
danger situations requirements
• Observe prescribed steps to be taken in cases of • General safety & health, including a drug-free workplace
emergency • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired
• Report to their immediate supervisor or any safety and Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) / tuberculosis /
health personnel any work hazard that may be hepatitis prevention control
discovered in the workplace • Company or project details
Duties of Other Persons • Composition and duties of the safety & health committee
• Any person, including builder or contractor, who visits, • Occupational Safety and health personnel and facilities
builds, renovates or installs devices or conducts business • Safety and health promotion, training and education
in any establishments or workplace, shall comply with the • Conduct of toolbox meetings
provisions of this Rules and all other regulations
• Accident/incident/illness investigation, recording and
Section 05 – Worker’s Right to Know reporting
• The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed • Provision and use of PPE
• All workers shall be appropriately informed by the • Provision of safety signage
employer about all types of hazards in the workplace and • Dust control and management, and regulations on
provide safety training/education
activities such as building of temporary structures, and
Section 06 – Worker’s Right to Refuse Unsafe Work lifting and operation of electrical, mechanical,
• Worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or communications systems and other equipment
reprisal from the employer if an imminent danger situation • Provision of workers' welfare facilities
exists in the workplace • Emergency preparedness and response plan
P a g e 2 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Waste management system Section 16 – Safety and Health Training

• Prohibited acts and penalties for violations • All safety and health personnel shall undergo the
mandatory training on basic occupational safety and
Section 13 – Occupational Safety & Health Committee health for safety officers
To ensure that the safety and health program observed and • All workers shall undergo the mandatory eight (8) hours
enforced, a safety and health committee shall be organized safety and health seminar as required by the DOLE which
in covered workplaces composed of the following: shall include a portion on joint employer-employee
• Employer or representative as the chairperson ex officio; orientation
• Safety officer of the company or project as the secretary; • All personnel engaged in the operation, erection and
• Safety officer representing the contractor or dismantling of equipment and scaffolds, excavations,
subcontractor, as the case may be, as members; blasting operations, demolition, confined spaces
• Physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and dentists as hazardous chemicals, welding, and flame cutting shall
members, ex officio, if applicable; and undergo specialized instruction and training on the said
• Workers representatives who shall come from the union activities
if the workers are organized or elected by the workers Section 17 – Occupational Safety & Health Reports
through a simple majority vote if they are unorganized, as • All employers, contractors or subcontractors, if any, shall
members. submit all safety health reports, and notifications
Section 14 – Safety Officer Section 18 – Workers’ Competency Certification
To ensure that a safety and health program is duly followed • All critical occupations shall undergo the mandatory
and enforced, covered workplaces shall have safety officers competence assessment and certification by the TESDA
who shall: • An occupation shall be considered critical when:
• Oversee the overall management of the safety and health  Performance of a job affects the people's lives & safety
program  Job involves the handling of tools, equipment &
• Frequently monitor and inspect any health or safety supplies
aspect of the operation being undertaken  Job requires a relatively long period of education &
• Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and training
health inspection at any time whenever work is being  Performance of the job may compromise the safety,
performed or during the conduct of an accident health and environmental concerns within the
investigation immediate vicinity of the establishment.
• Issue work stoppage orders when necessary
Section 19 – Workers’ Welfare Facilities
Section 15 – Occupational Health Personnel & Facilities • Places where work is being undertaken shall have the
• Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational following welfare facilities in order to ensure humane
health personnel such as physicians, nurses, certified working conditions:
first-aiders, and dentists duly complemented with the  Adequate supply of safe drinking water
required medical supplies, equipment and facilities  Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
• The number of health personnel, equipment and facilities,  Suitable living accommodation for workers, as may be
and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the applicable
total number of workers and the risk of hazard involved  Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for
men and women workers as may be applicable
Section 20 – Cost of safety and Health Program
• The total cost of implementing a duly approved safety and
health program shall be an integral part of the operations
cost
 It shall be a separate pay item in construction and in all
contracting or subcontracting arrangements
Section 21 – Employer’s Responsibility and Liability
• The employer or any person who manages, controls or
supervises the work being undertaken shall be jointly and
solidary liable for compliance with this Act.

A full-time safety officer must be duly accredited by the

BWC.
P a g e 3 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Department Order No. 57-04: Implementing Guidelines • Who is to be responsible for what?
on the Labor Standards Enforcement Framework • Where and how is it fixed?
• Labor Standards Enforcement Framework • How does it fit into the organization?
 Vision: A culture of safety, health and welfare at the • What will the committee do?
workplace and ethic of self-regulation and voluntary
• Who has the right to correct and determine courses of
compliance with Labor Standards in all workplaces.
 Goal: Voluntary Compliance to Labor Standards in all action?
Workplaces • What rules will the company live by?
- General Labor Standards Outlining Policy and General Methods of Procedures
- Occupational Health & Safety Standards
• A health & safety program is a definite plan of action
- Technical Safety Standards
Issuance: D.O. 57 – 04 designed to manage hazards and prevent cases of
Effectivity: 31 January 2004 occupational diseases.
• Some form of program is required to enable management
Approaches in D.O. 57-04 to measure performance against objectives, and to
• Self-assessment (200 workers and above and unionized provide the framework for employee participation; orderly
establishments with certified CBA) arrangements to deal with safety issues; a mechanism to
• Inspection (10 – 199 workers) identify the need for change and to manage the change
• Advisory Services (below 10 workers)
process
Self – Assessment. Covered (200 workers and above and • By having a proper, identifiable program, both the
unionized establishments with certified CBA) shall use the employer and employee are better placed to meet their
prescribed Checklist for Self- Assessment on Compliance respective legal obligations.
with Labor Standard.
Policy Statement
Frequency of Self-Assessment. To be conducted at least
• An organization’s health and safety policy should be a
once a year within 1 month from the receipt of the Checklist
(from RO) jointly by employer and workers’ representative clear statement of principles, which serves as a guide to
(LMC, Health and Safety Committee and others). action.
• Senior management must be committed to ensuring that
Accomplishment of the Checklist. In triplicates (one copy
the policy is carried out with NO exception.
for R.O., one copy for workers/ union, one copy for the
employer). • Health and safety policy must be and be seen to be, on
PAR with all other organizational policies.
Submission of the Checklist. To be submitted by the
employer or his/her duly authorized representative within 5 The POLICY STATEMENT can be brief, but should mention:
days after the assessment either by personal delivery of • The objectives of the program
through registered mail. • The organization’s basic health and safety philosophy
Checklist Validation. Regional Monitoring and Evaluation • The general responsibilities of all employees
Team (RMET) shall check the documents’ authenticity, • The ways employees can participate in health and
completeness and accuracy Within 5 days upon submission. safety activities
Spot Check. Shall be conducted upon the recommendation • Stated in clear and concise terms
of the Regional Monitoring & Evaluation Team. • Signed be the incumbent Chief Executive Officer
• Kept up to date
Inspection
• Covers establishments employing 10 – 199 workers • Communicated to each employee
• Priorities • Adhered to in all work activities
 existence of complaints/ imminent danger
 hazardous workplaces
 construction sites
 establishments employing women/ child workers
Company OSH Polices and Programs
Answers to the following must be clearly explained: ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
• What does management want? Theory of Accident Causes
• Does the policy pertain to on-the-job health & safety, off- • Accidents are defined as unplanned occurrences which
the-job health & safety, property damage, fire, and/or result in injuries, fatalities, loss of production or damage
product safety? to property and assets

P a g e 4 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Preventing accidents is extremely difficult in the absence This theory contributes very little, if anything at all, towards
of an understanding of the causes of accidents developing preventive actions for avoiding accidents
• Attempts have been made to develop a prediction theory Accident Proneness Theory
of accident causation, but so far none has been • That within a given set of workers, there exists a subset
universally accepted of workers who are more liable to be involved in accidents
Accident Causation Theories • This theory is not generally accepted
Domino Theory Energy Transfer Theory
• W.H. Heinrich (1931), developed the so-called domino • Claim that a worker incurs injury or equipment suffers
theory, 88% of all accidents are caused by unsafe acts of damage through a change of energy, and that for every
people, 10% by unsafe actions and 2% by “acts of God” change of energy there is a source, a path and a receiver
• He proposed a “five-factor accident sequence” in which • This theory is useful for determining injury causation and
each factor would actuate the next step in the manner of evaluating energy hazards and control methodology
toppling dominoes lined up in a row  Strategies can be developed which are either preventive,
limiting or ameliorating with respect to the energy transfer
Sequence of accident factors is as follows:
• Ancestry and social environment Control of energy transfer at the source can be achieved by
• Worker fault the following means:
• Unsafe act together with mechanical and physical hazard • Elimination of the source
• Accident • Changes made to the design or specification of elements
of the work station
• Damage or injury
• Preventive maintenance
Removal of one of the factors would prevent the accident
and resultant injury The path of energy transfer can be modified by:
• Enclosure of the path
Multiple Causation Theory
• Installation of barriers
• Multiple causation theory is an outgrowth of the domino
• Installation of absorbers
theory, but it postulates that for a single accident there
• Positioning of isolators
may be many contributory factors, causes and sub-
causes, and that certain combinations of these give rise The receiver of energy transfer can be assisted by adopting
to accidents the following measures:
• According to this theory, the contributory factors can be • Limitation of exposure
grouped into the following two categories: • Use of personal protective equipment
 Behavioral: includes factors pertaining to the worker, “Symptoms Versus Causes” Theory
such as improper attitude, lack of knowledge, lack of
• Is not so much a theory as an admonition to be heeded if
skills and inadequate physical and mental condition
accident causation is to be understood
 Environmental: includes improper guarding of other
• Usually, when investigating accidents, we tend to fasten
hazardous work elements and degradation of
upon the obvious causes of the accident to the neglect of
equipment through use and unsafe procedures
the root causes
The major contribution of this theory is to bring out the fact  Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are the
that rarely, if ever, is an accident the result of a single cause symptoms—the proximate causes—and not the root
or act causes of the accident
Pure Chance Theory Accident Causation and Prevention
• Every one of any given set of workers has an equal • Workplace accidents cause to many painful injuries and
chance of being involved in an accident claim far too many lives.
 It further implies that there is no single discernible • Our primary concern is to find a way to prevent a
pattern of events that leads to an accident recurrence
• In this theory, all accidents are treated as corresponding
to Heinrich’s acts of God, and it is held that there exist no The cause of an accident can be found in two areas:
interventions to prevent them • Unsafe acts
• Unsafe conditions
Biased Liability Theory
• Based on the view that once a worker is involved in an Unsafe Acts: are the actions of the person, which is possible
accident, the chances of the same worker becoming or certainly leads to accidents or increase the risk of
involved in future accidents are either increased or accidents
decreased as compared to the rest of workers Examples of unsafe acts:
• Disregarding posted warning signs

P a g e 5 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Failure to wear personal protective equipment Safety training

• Lifting heavy material incorrectly or without assistance • Company should provide the training to all levels of
Unsafe Conditions: are the condition of equipment or employees
environment that is considered to be unsafe and possibly  Through training, employee can improve their
leads to an accident in a workplace knowledge, behavior and skills
• Training must be followed by a program based on a goal-
Examples of unsafe conditions: setting and performance feedback
• Inadequate or improperly installed guard rails or a lack of
any guarding at all Worker involvement
• Poor ventilation • Employees are the most qualified personal to make the
• Containers that are not labeled suggestion for making improvement and they are reliable
to discuss about safety and health issues which can
affect the workers in the organization
• They should be encouraged to give their feedback and
recommendations on the safety-related matters and also
can suggest the ways to improve the work processes and
activities
Safety rules and procedures
• A well-established safety rules and procedures can set
ACCIDENT PREVENTION up the standards of behavior of the employees, and
• Refers to the plans, preparations and actions taken to establish safety system to correct worker’s safety
avoid or stop an accident before it happens behavior
• Accident prevention includes: Safety promotion policies
 All measures taken in an effort to save lives • Include recreational activities, rewards, and incentive to
 Escape from injury motivate employees to be perform safety in the workplace
 Lessen the degrees of injury • Safety promotion policies can encourage employees
 Avoid loss of properties about the hazard control program and motivate them to
 Reduce treatment and compensation costs take self-protection action towards the safety
 Production and time loss management
 Prevent the loss of productive time and morale
Benefits of Having Safety and Health Practices
Accident prevention can be achieved by commitment • There are numerous benefits of having health and safety
and cooperation between management, safety practices in the workplace, and all benefits are based
programs, safety culture, and accountability around employers having a duty of care for their
Prevention requires the following actions: employees and anyone else who may be on their
• Conducting a risk assessment to identify hazards premises
• Using research and development to optimize work Protecting your staff
processes and eliminate hazards • Following health and safety guidelines is primarily to
• Taking unsafe machinery and tools out of service protect employers and their staff from injury, illness or
immediately coming into any other form of harm in the workplace
• Improving working conditions and the workplace • One of the main benefits of following health and safety
environment practices is to prevent common workplaces injuries such
• Ensuring all employees have the right training as back pain, falling from height, and injuries from slip
Safety and Health Practices and trips
• Occupational safety and health practices are the Reducing absences
strategies, policies, activities and procedures that can be • Reduce the risk of work-related illnesses and injuries –
implemented targeting safety of both employers and therefore, reduce staff absences
employees
Improving productivity
Management commitment • If employees are able to work in a safe environment, this
• All levels inside the management should commit inside will improve morale and overall productivity
and demonstrate their support of the safety and health
Saving money
program to make the safety management effective
• By maintaining health and safety practices in the
• Employers must have fully committed into the safety
workplaces, and therefore reducing absences and
training program to teach their employees to handle risks

P a g e 6 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

improving productivity, you will be saving money by • Occurs due to working with people, animals or infectious
retaining staff plant material
• Money spent on absences and recruitment processes will • Examples include blood or other bodily fluids, animal
decrease, and the business’ profits will increase care, insect bites, bacteria or viruses
Risk: expresses the likelihood that harm from a potential
hazard will be realized and taking into account the likely
severity of harm
The questions that need to be asked are:
• How frequently does this sort of hazard occur in the
activity taking place?
• How severe are the consequences of an accident
occurring from that hazard?
• How many people are likely to be exposed to the hazard?
• Are specific groups more vulnerable than others?
HAZARD AND RISK
Hazard: is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect Risk Controls in Place: What is already in place that has
on a person or persons reduced the chance of somebody being harmed by the
hazard?
Safety and Health Hazards Severity (of hazard) x Likelihood (of occurrence) = Overall risk
• Safety Hazards
Severity is the amount of damage or harm a hazard could
 Cause physical injuries and accidents
 Cause immediate harm create and is ranked on a four-point scale as follows:
 Examples: broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains or • 1 = No injury
electrocutions • 2 = Minor injury – may need some first aid assistance, not
• Health Hazards life threatening
 Cause internal injuries like diseases or illnesses • 3 = Major injury – admission to hospital etc.
 Cause long-term harm, may take years to develop • 4 = Fatal
 Examples: cancer, heart disease, loss of hearing or Likelihood is the probability of the hazard occurring and is
reproductive problems ranked on a five-point scale:
Common Types of Workplace Hazards • Improbable – so unlikely that probability is close to zero
• Physical hazards • 1 = Remote – unlikely, although conceivable
• Ergonomic hazards • 2 = Possible – could occur sometime
• Chemical hazards • 3 = Probable – not surprised, will occur several times
• Biological hazards • 4 = Likely – occur repeatedly/event only to be expected
Physical hazards Multiplying the Severity x Likelihood gives a number between
• This is the most common type of workplace hazards 1 and 25. The person completing the Risk Assessment then
• Examples of physical hazards include slips, trips, falls, has a relative scale of the Overall Risk:
exposure to loud noises, working from heights, vibrations, • 1 to 8: could be classed as a LOW risk
and unguarded machinery • 9 to 15: could be classed as a MEDIUM risk
Ergonomic hazards • 15+: could be classed as a HIGH risk
• Occur as a result of physical factors that can harm the
musculoskeletal system
• This type of hazard is not easily identified
• Examples of this hazard are poor lighting, repetitive
motion, awkward movements, and poor posture
Chemical hazards
• Are present anytime workers are exposed to chemical HOUSEKEEPING AND MATERIALS
substances HANDLING AND STORAGE
• Examples include cleaning solutions and solvents, • Workers are injured from slips, trips, and falls more than
vapors and fumes, carbon monoxide and any other gases any other occupational injury
Biological hazards • They usually end up tripping on a piece of equipment, or
tool that they themselves forgot to put away
• Healthcare professionals are at most risk for this type of
hazard • These can be usually be avoided if proper housekeeping
procedures are used
P a g e 7 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

 The concept includes picking up, wiping up and • All platforms and racks will have maximum load capacity
cleaning up displayed
• Housekeeping also includes the rapid cleanup of spilled  The weight of stored material will not exceed the rated
materials by workers wearing protective equipment load capacity
Hazard Prevention Flammable Storage
• Good housekeeping plays a key role in accident • All flammables will be stored in OSHA-approved
prevention and it only requires a little effort to cleanup flammable storage cabinets or stored outside
after yourself • Fuels, solvents and other flammables may not be stored
• Good housekeeping can be achieved by establishing in open containers
three steps: • Flammable storage areas will be kept dry and well
1. Plan ahead ventilated
2. Assign responsibilities: A person should be specifically  No storage of combustible materials, open flames or
detailed to cleanup exposed electrical components are permitted in the
 Each individual should pick up after themselves and flammable storage area
keep their work area neat • Flammable or combustible materials may not be stored in
3. Implement a program: Housekeeping should be part of electrical rooms
the daily routine, with cleanup being a continuous
procedure Compressed Gas Storage Safety
• Cylinder cap securely in place when not in use
Housekeeping Guide • Marked with contents and if empty/full
The following practices should help eliminate accidental • Stored up-right and secured to a stationary structure in a
injuries and prevent fires: shaded and well-ventilated area
• Keep aisles and stairwells clearly marked and free of • Cylinders not stored within 50 feet of exposed electrical
clutter components or combustible materials
• Clean up spills and leaks promptly • Cylinders are protected from accidental rupture
• Properly dispose of oily and greasy rags • Chemically reactive gases not stored within 50 feet of
• Keep all filing cabinets and drawers closed when not each other
used
• Keep tools and equipment clean and properly store tools
• Neatly stack storage racks and bins
• Smoke in designated areas only
• Make sure work areas are well lighted
• Clean up after yourself
• Keep fire exits, extinguishers, and sprinklers marked and
free of obstructions
• Rope off maintenance areas to minimize personnel traffic
• Close all drawers, cabinets, etc. when not in use MACHINE SAFETY
Material Storage Introduction
• Proper storage procedures are required for dry, raw • Unguarded moving parts of machines/equipment and the
materials, finished product flammables and compressed sudden or uncontrolled release of their power systems
gases storage to prevent fires, keep exits and aisles clear can result in serious injuries
and avoid injuries and illnesses • Personnel working with machines must be aware of the
Materials and Finished Products Storage risks involved and follow safe work practices
• Materials may not be stored any closer than 18 inches to Causes of Accidents while Working with Machinery
walls or sprinkler heads • Loose clothing, hair, jewelry being caught in moving parts
 A minimum of 3 feet side clearance will be maintained • Materials ejected from the machine when it is operational
around doorways and emergency exits • Inadvertent starting of the machine
 Passageways and aisle will be properly marked and a • Slipping and falling into an unguarded nip
minimum of six feet in width
• Contact with sharp edges, e.g., cutting blade
 Materials, fork lifts, pallet jacks, etc., may not be stored
• Making adjustments while the machine is operational.
in aisles or passageways
• Unauthorized operation of machines
• Aisles and passageways will be kept clear of debris
 All spills of materials will be immediately cleaned-up by • Lack of preventive maintenance
the person responsible

P a g e 8 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Hazards Miscellaneous Safeguarding Aids

• Rotating machine parts give rise to nip points. Examples • Shields can be used to provide protection from flying
are: particles, splashing metal working fluids or coolants
 Rotating gears • Holding tools can be used to place and remove stock.
 Belt and its pulley Example, reaching into the danger area of a power press
 Chain and sprocket  Holding tools must not be used as a replacement of
 Between grinding wheel and tool rest machine guards
 Between rotating and fixed parts
Safety Precautions while Working with Machinery
• Rotating parts operating alone
• Ensure that the guards are in position and in good
 Shafts
working condition before operating
 Couplings
• Know the location of emergency stop switch
• Reciprocating and sliding motions
• Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can be caught
Dangerous Parts of Machinery in the rotating parts
• Running nips between parts rotating in opposite • Confine long hair
directions, for e.g., gear wheels • The keys and adjusting wrenches must be removed from
• Rotating parts operating alone e.g., couplings the machine before operating it
• Between rotating and tangentially moving parts e.g., belt • Stop the machine before measuring, cleaning or making
drives any adjustments
• Wherever there is a rotating part operating close to a • Do not handle metal turnings by hand as they can cause
fixed structure there is a danger of trapping or crushing. injury. Use brush or rake to remove turnings
• Reciprocating and sliding motions • Keep hands away from the cutting head and all moving
Machine Guarding parts
• Any machine part which can cause injury, must be • Cutting tools and blades must be clean and sharp, so that
guarded they can be used without force
• Machine guards help to eliminate personnel hazards • Avoid awkward operations and hand positions. A sudden
created by points of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating slip could cause the hand to move into the cutting tool or
parts and flying chips blade
• Keep work area clean. Floors must be level and have a
Types of Guards non-slip surface
• Fixed guard • There must be enough space around the machine to do
• Interlocked guard the job safely
• Adjustable guard • The person working with the machine must not be
• Self adjusting guard distracted
• Pull back device • Machines must not be left unattended. Switch off the
• Two-hand control machine before leaving
Fixed Guard: is kept in place permanently by fasteners that • Rotating parts of machines must not be stopped with
can only be released by the use of a tool hands after switching off
• Compressed air must not be used to clean machines, as
Interlocked Guard: shuts off or disengages power to the this can force small particles to fly off and can cause
machine and prevents it from starting when the guard is injury
removed/opened
Personal Protective Equipment
Adjustable Guard: provides a barrier which can be adjusted • Safety glasses must always be used while working with
to suit the varying sizes of the input stock machinery for protection from flying particles
Self Adjusting Guard: provides a barrier which moves • Safety glasses must be worn by all personnel entering an
according to the size of the stock entering the danger area area where machines are operated
• Ear protection must be worn for protection from high
Two Hand Control: concurrent use of both hands is required
to operate the machine, preventing the operator from noise
reaching the danger area • Safety shoes must be worn if there is handling of heavy
materials
Pull Back: - the device is attached to the wrist of the operator • Hand gloves must NOT be used while working with
which pulls the operator's hands away from the point of machinery, due to the chances of getting caught in the
operation or other hazardous areas when the machine nip point
operates

P a g e 9 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Roles and Responsibilities: Authorized Employee of

LOTO
• Properly plan the job
• Notify all affected employees in the area of work
• Shut down the equipment at the operating controls
• Isolate all energy sources to equipment
• Lock and tag all isolating devices
• Dissipate all stored or residual energy sources
ELECTRICAL SAFETY • Verify the isolation
What is Electricity? Roles and Responsibilities: Affected Employee of LOTO
• A form of energy that is carried through wires and is used • Stay clear of the area as much as possible of the LO/TO
to operate machines, lights, etc. operation
Two Forms of Electricity • Never attempt to assist
• Static electricity: electricity that gathers in one place • Never interfere or tamper with a lock or tag
• Current electricity: electricity that moves from one place • Report all unusual situations to your supervisor
to another • As an affected employee you:
Why is Electrical Safety Important?  Are instrumental in helping protect the safety of
yourself and your co-workers by understanding your
• Electrical incidents cause an average of 13 days away
limits in the program
from work because of associated injuries and usually one
 May save someone or yourself from grave injury or
fatality every day
even death by doing what you are supposed to do
• Always use caution when working near electricity
Inspections
What are the Hazards of Electricity and Electrical
• Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use
Equipment?
• Remove any equipment with frayed cords, missing
• Shock
ground prongs, cracked tool casings, etc., from service
• Electrical arcs and blasts
• Rescues
• Ground faults
• Extension cords
• Broken or faulty equipment
Protect yourself from Electricity
• Follow specialized procedures in wet work areas
• Use lockout/tagout FIRE SAFETY
• Conduct inspections
What is Fire?
• Follow assured grounding programs
• Fire is a form of a chemical reaction that involves the
• Use GFCIs
rapid oxidation of combustible fuel with the subsequent
• Guard energized parts liberation of heat and light
Lockout Tagout Types of Fire
• Lockout and Tagout is a technique used to prevent the • Controlled (Safe) fire
release of hazardous energy, or to prevent the hazardous
• Uncontrolled (Dangerous) fire
energy from escaping
Controlled Fire
• It is a very specific and stringent OSHA program
• There is good control on the size, duration, temperature,
• It covers electrical energy sources, as well as other types smoke and fumes of fire
of energy such as steam, pressure, weighted objects, and
• This is used in our daily life such as cooking, heating, car,
moving machinery parts
aeroplane and rocket engines
The “Fatal Five” Main Causes of Lockout/Tagout Injuries • It requires the presence of air (oxygen), fuel and heat
• Failure to stop equipment (ignition source)
• Failure to disconnect from power source • These components are termed the “fire triangle”
• Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energy
• Accidental restarting of equipment
• Failure to clear work areas before restarting

P a g e 10 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Uncontrolled Fire • Class B

• There is no control on the size, duration, temperature  Flammable liquids
(1000oc or more), smoke and fumes of fire  Symbol is a red or metallic square
• This type of fire occurs due to the accidental (or due to • Class C
criminal act) spread of fire to catch combustible materials  Live electrical current is present
• In addition to oxygen, fuel and heat, this type of fire  Symbol is a blue or metallic circle
requires an uninhibited chain reaction • Class D
• In an uninhibited chain reaction burning continues and  Certain combustible metals (aluminum, magnesium,
may even accelerate sodium, etc.)
• This chain reaction occurs due to the breakdown and  Symbol is a yellow or metallic star
recombination of the molecules that will add to the fuel of • Class K
the fire  Commercial kitchen fires such as burning oils and
grease
Effects of uncontrolled fire:
 Symbol is a purple stop-sign shape
• Human loss: burning from extreme heat; suffocation from
smoke and fumes and death Controlling Fire Hazards
• Structural damage: damage to labs, offices and buildings • Flammable Liquids
• Material damage: damage to instruments, equipment,  Remove any sources of ignition
furniture and supplies  Provide continuous ventilation
• Disruption of work  Use proper handling procedures
• Financial losses  Install drum and storage cabinets
 Post warning signs
Fire Triangle • Mechanical
• The fire triangle represents the  Conduct regular maintenance inspections
three elements needed for fire to  Perform pre-op checks
occur:  Provide ABC extinguishers
a. Heat  Install fire suppression / sprinkler systems
b. Fuel • Electrical
c. Oxygen  Conduct regular maintenance
 Perform pre-op checks
• The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen  Check outlets, cords, sockets circuits, etc.
 Fire requires an atmosphere with at least 16% oxygen  Do not overload circuits
• Fuel can be any combustible material in any state of  Install ground fault circuit interrupters
matter - solid, liquid, or gas  Check recommended power ratings for correct
 Most solids and liquids become a vapor or gas before amperage
they will burn  Provide ABC extinguishers
• Heat is the energy necessary to increase the • Poor Housekeeping
temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient  Clean up spills immediately
vapors are given off for ignition to occur  Properly dispose of waste
However by adding in a fourth element, you have a fire  Keep flammables away from ignition sources
“tetrahedron”:  Keep work area free of unnecessary flammables
 Maintain clean surfaces
• Chemical Chain Reaction:  Don’t obstruct sprinklers
This reaction can occur when • Hot Work
all three of the above elements  Obtain proper “hot work” permits
are present in the proper  Provide ABC extinguishers
conditions and proportions  Wet down areas before working
 Fire (rapid oxidization) is the  Perform pre-op checks
result of this chemical  Keep immediate area free of flammables
reaction  Use fire guards
Fire Classifications  Check work area afterwards
• Class A  Properly store / secure gas cylinders
 Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth, rubber, • Careless Smoking
plastics, etc.)  Obey all smoking regulations
 Symbol is a green or metallic triangle  Make sure it’s really out

P a g e 11 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Fire Workout/Prevention Potentially Explosive Chemicals

• Respect how serious fire can be • Chemicals when subjected to heat, impact, or friction,
• Learn to recognize and control all types of fire hazards at undergoes rapid chemical change, evolving large
your facility volumes of gases which cause sudden increase in
• Review your company fire plan pressure
• Practice safe work habits • Heat, light, mechanical shock and certain catalysts can
• Dispose of oily rags and other flammable waste in fire- initiate explosive reactions
proof containers • Shock sensitive substances include acetylides, azides,
• Prevent fires – don’t fight them nitrogen triiodide, organic nitrates, nitro compounds,
perchlorate salts and organic peroxides
Toxic Chemicals
• Toxic chemicals produce injurious or lethal effects upon
contact with body cells due to their chemical properties
• The toxic effects depend upon the extent of exposure and
the inherent toxicity of a chemical
• The extent of exposure is determined by the dose,
CHEMICAL SAFETY duration and frequency of exposure and the route of
exposure
Introduction • Toxic effects of a chemical may occur after a single
• An understanding of the potential hazards and (acute) exposure or long term repeated (chronic)
precautions required in handling of chemicals is of exposure
outmost importance in preventing exposure to chemicals  Examples of acute toxins are sodiumcyanide, sodium
and mishaps azide and dimethyl mercury
Routes of Entry  Benzene is an example of a chronic toxin which can
cause damage after repeated or long-term exposure
The main routes of entry of the chemicals into the human
body are: Pyrophoric Chemicals
• Inhalation into lungs • The rapid oxidation of a pyrophoric chemical by oxygen
• Absorption through skin membrane/cuts in the skin or moisture in air causes the compound to ignite
• Ingestion via mouth into the gastrointestinal system spontaneously
• Example – butyl lithium
Corrosives
• Corrosive substances causes destructive burns on the Water Reactive Chemicals
tissue by chemical action at the site of contact • These chemicals react violently when they come in
• Corrosive effect can also occur in the respiratory tract in contact with moisture or water
case of inhalation and in the gastrointestinal tract in case • Examples are: lithium, sodium, potassium, aluminum
of ingestion bromide, calcium oxide, sulfur trioxide and phosphorus
• Examples are: sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, pentachloride
bromine and phenol Storage of Chemicals
Oxidizers • Bulk stocks must be stored in a separate building
• Oxidizers are chemical which decompose readily under • A spill or fire involving bulk containers will be difficult to
certain conditions to yield oxygen tackle when compared with that involving smaller bottles
• They can cause a fire to burn violently • Chemicals must not be placed indiscriminately in the
• Oxidizer must not be stored with flammables storage shelf
• Examples are: hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric  They must be grouped based on their compatibility
acid, sulphuric acid, chlorates, chromates, picrates • Separate chemicals into compatible groups and store
alphabetically within compatible groups
Flammables
• To prevent accidents caused by overreaching do not
• Flammable substances are those that readily catch fire store chemicals on shelves higher than 1.5 meter (from
and burn in air floor level)
• The vapors released from a flammable liquid are a • Fix the shelf to the wall to prevent its fall
common fire hazard in a laboratory
• Store heavier or larger bottles on lower racks
• The degree of hazard associated with a flammable liquid
• Store flammable chemicals in approved safety cabinets
depends on its flash point, flammability limit and ignition
• There must be a fixed storage place for each chemical
temperature
and the same must be returned to that location after each
use
P a g e 12 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Toxic or odoriferous chemicals must be stored in a  If it has not been done before
ventilated cabinet  When a hazard has been identified
• Chemicals must not be exposed to heat or direct sunlight  When a change to the workplace may introduce or
 Heat and sunlight can degrade chemicals, deteriorate change a hazard. Such as when changes occur to the
storage containers and labels work equipment, practices, procedures or environment
• Chemicals must not be stored at locations where they can  As part of responding to a workplace incident, even
be knocked over where an injury has not occurred
• Rim guards must be fixed on the edge of shelves to  Where new information about a risk becomes available
prevent bottles from falling or concerns about a risk are raised by workers
• Flammable chemicals must not be stored on bench tops  At regularly scheduled times appropriate to the
• After use they must be immediately removed to a safety workplace
cabinet • These procedures will assist in:
• Flammable solvents must not be left open in containers  Finding workplace hazards
or beakers  Assessing the risks that may result from these hazards
• Flammable chemicals must not be stored in domestic  Determining control measures to eliminate or minimize
refrigerators the level of the risks
 Vapors can leak out from the bottles and form a  Monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of control
flammable vapor air mixture measures
 The bulb or thermostat can be a source of ignition Risk Assessment Procedure
Handling of Chemicals Step 01: Identify Hazards
• All chemical bottles must be tightly closed after use and • Workers identify all potentially hazardous things or
must not be placed on edge of the bench or shelf from situations that may cause harm
which they can fall • Generally, hazards are likely to be found in the following:
• Chemical formulae or short forms must not be used for  Physical work environment
labelling chemical bottles  Equipment, materials or substances used
 Work tasks and how they are performed
• Labels must include the full name of the chemical, hazard
 Work design and management
pictogram and a brief description of the hazards and
precautions to be taken In order to identify hazards the following are recommended:
• Worn out labels must be immediately replaced by new • Past incidents/accidents are examined to see what
ones happened and whether the incident/accident could occur
• Chemicals must not be stored in drinking water bottles again
• Employees be consulted to find out what they consider
Safety Precautions
are safety issues – i.e. ask workers about hazards near
• Do not perform unauthorized experiments
misses they have encountered as part of their work.
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, a  Sometimes a survey or questionnaire can assist
laboratory apron or coat, safety glasses and toe covered workers to provide information about workplace
footwear hazards
• Wear suitable gloves when handling chemicals. Inspect • Work areas or work sites be inspected or examined to
all gloves for defects before usage find out what is happening now
• Keep work area clean and uncluttered. Maintaining good  Identified hazards should be documented to allow
housekeeping helps to prevent accidents further action
 Work environment, tool and equipment as well as tasks
and procedures should be examined for risks
• Information about equipment and Safety Data Sheets be
reviewed to determine relevant safety precautions
• Welcome creative thinking about what could go wrong
takes place, i.e. what hazardous event could take place
here?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK Step 02: Assess Risks
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL (HIRAC) • Risk assessment involves considering the possible
results of someone being exposed to a hazard and the
Introduction likelihood of this occurring. A risk assessment assists in
• Workplace hazard identification, assessment and control determining:
is an on-going process. It should be undertaken at  How severe a risk is
various times, including:
P a g e 13 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

 Whether existing control measures are effective Action needed quickly (within 1-2 days). The
 What action should be taken to control a risk task should not proceed unless the risk is
High
 How urgently action needs to be taken assessed and control options selected
based on the Hierarchy of Controls
A risk assessment should include: Immediate action needed. Access to the
• Identify factors that may be contributing to the risk hazard should be restricted until the risk can
• Review health and safety information that is reasonably be lowered to an acceptable level. Short
available term action may be required to lower the
Extreme
• Evaluation of how severe the harm could be risk level and then medium- and long-term
• Evaluation of how a hazard may cause harm plans to control the risk to as low as
• Determining the likelihood of harm occurring reasonably practicable using the Hierarchy
• Identify the actions necessary to eliminate or control the of Controls
risk Step 03: Controlling Risks
• Identify records that it is necessary to keep to ensure that • Once a risk rating is determined, each hazard must have
the risks are eliminated or controlled its existing risk control measures evaluated using the
Other risk factors should also be identified as they may Evaluation of Control Effectiveness Table
contribute to the risk – including: • This allows for determination of any additional
• The work premises and the working environment, requirement necessary
including their layout and condition Well Designed Control? Effectively Implemented?
• The capability, skill, experience and age of people 3 Needs Improvement 3 Deficient
ordinarily undertaking work 2 Adequate 2 Marginal
• The systems of work being used 1 Strong 1 Effective
• The range of reasonably foreseeable conditions
Step 04: Implement Additional Risk Controls
Risk Matrix • The management of risks in the workplace requires
Consequence eliminating risks so far as reasonably practicable in the
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Severe
Almost
first instance. Where elimination is not possible, then
Medium High High Extreme Extreme
risks should be minimized, so far as reasonably
Likelihood

Certain
Likely Medium Medium High Extreme Extreme practicable
Possible Low Medium Medium High Extreme
Unlikely Low Low Medium High High
• All hazards that have been assessed should be dealt with
Rare Low Low Low Medium High in order of priority. The most effective control option/s
Likelihood should be selected to eliminate or minimize risks
• Almost Certain: expected to occur in most • The Hierarchy of Controls – ranks control options from
circumstances highest level of protection and reliability to lowest. This
• Likely: will probably occur in most circumstances should be used to determine the most effective control/s
• Possible: might occur occasionally Hierarchy of Controls
• Unlikely: could happen some time
• Rare: may happen only in exceptional circumstances
Consequence
• Insignificant: injuries requiring no treatment or first aid
• Minor: minor injury, only required first aid
• Moderate: injury requiring medical treatment and some
lost time
• Major: serious injury, hospital treatment required
• Severe: death or permanent disability
Risk Level
Required Action
Rating
Action required within a reasonable • Eliminate or control all serious hazards (hazards that are
timeframe (2-4 weeks) to eliminate or causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical
Low
minimize the risk using the Hierarchy of harm) immediately.
Controls • Use interim controls while you develop and implement
Action required this week to eliminate or longer-term solutions.
Medium minimize the risk using the Hierarchy of • Select controls according to a hierarchy that emphasizes
Controls engineering solutions (including elimination or

P a g e 14 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

substitution) first, followed by safe work practices, Some of the Emergencies that may likely to happen:
administrative controls, and finally personal protective Fires Radiation leaks
equipment. Floods Serious accidents
• Avoid selecting controls that may directly or indirectly Typhoon/Storms Equipment failures
introduce new hazards. Example, using hearing Explosions Structure failures
protection that makes it difficult to hear backup alarms. Chemical spills Earthquake
Bomb threats Kidnapping
• Review and discuss control options with workers to
Civil disturbance Extortion
ensure that controls are feasible and effective.
Riots Terrorism
• Use a combination of control options when no single Sabotage
method fully protects workers
Emergency Preparedness Plans
Step 05: Monitor and Review Each department is required to develop and maintain an
• Regularly review the effectiveness of your hazard Emergency Preparedness Plan. At a minimum, the Plan is to
assessment and control measures at least every 3 years have the following components:
 Make sure that you undertake a hazard and risk • Emergency Evacuation Plan – which contains a list of
assessment when there is a change to the workplace department employees, designates escape routes,
including when work systems, tools, machinery or assigns monitors that confirm all employees and visitors
equipment change are evacuated, and designates an assembly area
 The effectiveness of control measures can be checked • Emergency reporting – e.g. calling the emergency
through regular reviews as well as consultation with number, contacting supervisor or department head
workers • Bomb threat procedures
• Maintaining records of the risk management process • Fire response procedures
assists when undertaking subsequent reviews or risk
• Earthquake response procedures
assessments as it demonstrates decision making
• Medical emergency procedures
processes and informs how controls were intended to be
implemented • Intra- and inter-departmental communications during an
emergency
• Provisions for contacting and coordinating emergency
responses with the department responsible for the facility
and/or its’ security
Employee Training
• All department employees are to be trained on each
component of the Emergency Preparedness Plan
• New employees are to be shown fire extinguisher and
first aid kit locations and are to be walked through the
WORKPLACE EMERGENCY department’s evacuation route
PREPAREDNESS Department Safety Officer
What is Emergency Preparedness? • The Department Safety Officer (DSO) is responsible for
training department employees on the procedures in the
• Emergency preparedness is the act of being prepared for
Emergency Preparedness Plan, ensuring that evacuation
an unexpected disaster
plans are posted, maintaining a list of employees
 This can be a natural disaster or a man-made one
requiring assistance if the facility is evacuated, and
• Having a plan in place to deal with emergency situations
functions as the department’s point of contact during an
can help stabilize your company's operations during a
emergency
turbulent period
 The DSO also coordinates emergency response drills
Pre-Planning before an emergency are simple things to
Incident Response Teams
consider in the planning stage. These should include the
• Departments may designate specially trained employees
following requirements:
to respond to specific types of emergencies, such as
• To decide who is in charge
medical emergencies if trained in first aid and CPR, or
• To source mutual aid agreement responding to customer or employee threatening
• To train people for emergency response behavior if trained to handle these situations
• Post recovery action
• Returning back to normal operations Inter- and Intra-department Communications
• Records and report • Departments will coordinate and determine a method for
ensuring all affected employees are notified of an
emergency or threatening situation
P a g e 15 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Evacuation Drills • All staff and visitors will immediately evacuate the
• One evacuation drill should be conducted annually. building when announced by the department head,
• Department Safety Officers are responsible for his/her designee, or emergency personnel
coordinating these drills • Evacuate from your current location. Do not go against
the flow of people exiting
Evacuation Assembly Areas
• Evacuate through exits closest to where you are located.
• Departments will coordinate with the entity responsible
Review and be familiar with the enclosed maps that show
for the facility/building, to establish evacuation assembly
the evacuation routes for the office and emergency
areas
equipment locations
Emergency Evacuation Plan • Stairs should be used to reach the first floor to exit the
• If you are directed to evacuate a building or if the fire building. Do not use the elevator!
alarm is activated, follow the Emergency Evacuation Plan • If a person is injured, disabled or otherwise unable to use
procedure the stairs, they should wait in the stairwell for assistance
from emergency personnel
Why Evacuate? • All staff are to report to (assembly area) until otherwise
There are number of reasons to evacuate a facility/building: notified by emergency personnel
• When a fire threatens the safety of the occupants • During an evacuation, all staff are considered on duty and
• Threat of toxic fumes from chemical spills affecting the are to remain at the assembly area until given a specific
building task or released
• Bomb threats when there is enough information to believe
it is not a hoax Monitors
• When the building may have been damaged by a strong Every section/area in the department will have two assigned
earthquake monitors. The monitors will:
• Direct people to an alternate exit if the planned escape
When to Evacuate? route cannot be used
Evacuations may be initiated in several ways: • Assure that all persons are evacuated from work spaces
• Fire alarm – evacuation should begin immediately without and stations and common areas within their assigned
questioning whether or not it is a false alarm section
• Spontaneous evacuation in response to an observed • Confirm that all persons in their assigned section are
emergency accounted for at the designated meeting area and report
• Department head or designee’s request to evacuate same to the department head or his/her designee
Know Your Emergency Exits If the situation allows, employees will check out with
• Learn the location of all exits from your work area and their section monitor when leaving the building during
building and practice an evacuation on your own to find an evacuation.
out where exits lead
Bomb Threat Procedures
• Be aware of all available exits in the event the regular
The two most common reasons for bomb threats are:
one(s) become unusable
• The caller has definite knowledge or believes that an
Evacuation Assembly Area explosive or incendiary device has been or will be placed
• Once the evacuation order is given, proceed directly to and he/she wants to minimize personal injury or property
the assembly area, check in with the Department Safety damage
Officer (or other designated monitor) and remain there  The caller may be the bomber or just someone else
until told to do otherwise who has become aware of such information
Evacuation Drills • The caller wants to create an atmosphere of anxiety and
panic that will possibly result in a disruption of the normal
• You are expected to participate in evacuation drills
activities at the facility
• These drills are conducted to familiarize you with the
emergency exits and evacuation procedures Bomb Threats by Phone
• They also help to identify problem areas such as alarms • Most bomb threats are made by phone
that may not be functioning properly or obstacles that • All employees must know how to properly respond to a
might hamper evacuation bomb threat
Evacuation Procedures If you receive a bomb threat, you should:
• When the alarm goes off, all staff and visitors will • Remain calm and keep the caller on the line as long as
immediately evacuate the building possible
• Ask to have the message repeated. Try to remember the
exact wording and write it down
P a g e 16 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Ask the caller where the bomb is, when it is going to  Remember that during disasters, all County employees
explode, what does it look like, what kind of bomb it is, become disaster service workers
why did they put the bomb in your building, and what is • Care for the injured. Immediately check for injuries
their name and address among fellow workers and render first aid as needed. You
 This information is vital in trying to identify the caller may also have clients or visitors that will need your help
and the location of the bomb • Seriously injured persons should not be moved unless
• Inform the caller that the building is occupied and the they are in danger of further injury. Know where your first
detonation of a bomb could result in death or serious aid kits are located. Each worksite must have at least one
injury to many innocent people kit
• Pay particular attention to peculiar background noises • Assess the situation – check for:
such as motors running, background music, and any  Fires and fire hazards, especially gas leaks and
other noise that may give a clue as to the location of the damaged electrical wiring
caller  Building cracks and damage
• Listen closely to the voice (male, female, adult, child),  Check to see if exits are still usable and not blocked by
voice quality (calm, excited), accents and speech falling equipment or furniture
impediments  Make sure exit doors are operable
• Determine the caller’s mood—angry, calm, irrational, etc.  Available resources such as manpower and equipment
• Immediately after the caller hangs up: Fire Emergency Response
 Call the emergency number and report the threat
 Notify the department head or designee of the threat Fire and Smoke Hazards
and your actions • Fire produces extreme heat, toxic gases, and smoke.
Most deaths are directly attributed to the inhalation of the
Earthquake Response gases and smoke
• Because earthquakes occur without warning, they can be  Even small amounts of gases and smoke can be fatal
very frightening. It is important to know how to respond and must be avoided
properly to an earthquake in order to minimize panic and
confusion Evacuate the People
• Since the normal emergency response systems will be • Remove anyone who may be in immediate danger from
overloaded in a significant earthquake, plan to be self- the fire or smoke. Depending on the size and type of fire,
reliant in the early stages of the emergency this may involve evacuating a very small area or an entire
building
During the Shaking • Life safety is always the number one priority
• Remain calm. Staying calm makes it easier to act • Stay low (crawl if necessary) to avoid breathing the
appropriately smoke
• If you are indoors, stay there. DO NOT RUN
OUTDOORS. Most deaths and injuries occur as people Report the Fire
leave buildings • If there is a building fire alarm, activate it immediately
 Get under a desk or table or stand in a corner of an upon discovering fire or smoke
interior wall • This will also alert other occupants in the building that
 In a significant earthquake, movement will be very they should start to evacuate
difficult. If you cannot get under something sturdy, • Always dial the emergency number and report the
crouch down against the corner of the wall and cover emergency
your head with your hands Confine the Fire
• If you are outdoors, get into an open area away from • Most fires start small but can rapidly become out of
trees, buildings, walls and power lines control. Close doors and windows in the area to prevent
• In a high-rise building, stay away from windows and the spread of fire and smoke to other parts of the building
outside walls. Do not use elevators!
• If driving, pull over to the side of the road and stop, but Extinguish the Fire
not under overpasses or power lines. Remain inside the • Extinguishing a fire should be your last priority
vehicle until the shaking is over • You should attempt it ONLY if the fire is small and you
have been trained how to safely use a fire extinguisher
After the Shaking • Before you try to put out the fire, alert the building
• All employees should be prepared to assist as necessary. occupants of the danger and report the fire by calling the
While employees are not expected to take on any tasks emergency number
that may endanger their safety, they may assist with first
aid to the level of their training and with other tasks vital Location of Fire Extinguishers
to a smooth emergency response
P a g e 17 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Fire extinguishers are located throughout the facility. * 8-Hour OSH Awareness for Workers
Know where the fire extinguishers are located in your * 8-Hour OSH Awareness for SO1 plus TOT
work area Violations and Penalties
• As circumstances may warrant, the DOLE shall refer to
the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) its
findings, after due process, on any act or omission
committed by construction contractors in violation of labor
standards, safety rules and regulations and other
pertinent policies. Any such violation committed by
construction contractors, whether general constructors or
sub-contractors, shall constitute as prima facie case of a
ADMINISTRATIVE OSH REQUIREMENTS construction malperformance of grave consequence due
Other OSHS Rules/Requirements to negligence, incompetence or malpractice
Rule 1070 – Occupational Health & Environmental Control contemplated under R.A. 4566 (Constructors’ Licensing
• The employer shall exert efforts to maintain & control the Law), as amended, and its Implementing Rules and
working environment in comfortable & healthy conditions Regulations.
for the purpose of promoting & maintaining the health of • In cases of imminent danger situations, the DOLE
his workers Regional Director shall issue a stoppage order, in
• The employer shall carry out WEM where hazardous conformance with the guidelines specified under Rule
work is performed & shall keep a record of such 1012.02 of the OSHS and other pertinent issuances for
measurement which shall be made available to the stoppage of operation or for other appropriate action to
enforcing authority abate the danger. Pending the issuance of the order, the
employer shall take appropriate measures to protect his
• WEM shall include temperature, humidity, pressure,
workers. The stoppage order shall remain in effect until
illumination, ventilation, concentration of substances, &
the danger is removed or corrected. Non-compliance with
noise
the order shall be penalized under existing provisions of
• The WEM shall be performed periodically as may be
labor laws.
necessary but not longer than annually
Rule 1080 – PPE & Devices
• Every employer shall at his own expense furnish his
workers with protective equipment & barriers whenever
necessary
• No person shall be subjected or exposed to a hazardous
environmental condition without protection
Summary of Administrative Rules
• Notification & Keeping of Records of Accidents &/or
Occupational Illnesses (Rule 1050)
• Occupational Health Services (Rule 1960) TRAINING OF TRAINERS (TOT)
• Registration of business (Rule 1020)
• Training & Accreditation of Personnel in OSH (Rule Effective Communication for Safety
1030) Communication – the Common View
• Health & Safety Committee (Rule 1040) • Communication is the transfer of ideas from one person
Summary of Report Requirements to another. It is the act of informing someone or
disseminating information
• Work Accident/Illness Report (WAIR)
• Annual Exposure Data Report (AEDR) Communication Defined
• Report of Safety Organization (RSO) • Basically, communication is sharing of ideas / information
• Minutes of the Meetings of Health and Safety Committee with others and being UNDERSTOOD
• Annual Medical Report (AMR) • It is a two-way process of sending and receiving words/
actions/symbols/signs
Mandatory OSH Programs
• It is what we do to give and get understanding
• Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH)
• Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH) Effective Communication
• Loss Control Management (LCM) The channels of communication must be open in both
• Safety Program Audit (SPA) directions to allow:
• Information flow
P a g e 18 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Feedback to occur 2. The affective level

• Information to be clarified and adjusted 3. The behavioral level
Only in this way can mutual understanding exist. What to communicate to workers?
Communicating for Safety
• To provide the necessary information about a job, a
machine, a decision, an action taken, etc.
• To recognize good performance
• To prevent misunderstanding due to misinformation that
may lessen a person’s working efficiency
• To allay fears, worries and suspicions an individual may
have in his work or toward his employer
Communication as a Tool • Work assignment
To serve as a real management tool, communication must: • Work flow in offices
• Not end with the transmission or orders downward • Machine repair
• Consider the rights and needs of people below to • Materials
communicate upwards • Methods of operation
• Be a two-way exchange • Overtime
Types of Communication • Responsibilities
• Vacation policy
• Company services
• Recreation
• Management policy
• Pay
• Rules and regulations
• Acknowledgement of good performance
• Workers should be told everything that directly affects
Downward communication
them
• Flows from upper levels of management to the next lower
• Things indirectly related with the work or physical
level, down to the rank-and-file
conditions surrounding the job should be communicated,
• Used when management wants to inform employees of such as those which have to do with work coordination,
policies, procedures, directives, etc. company organization, plans for growth and expansion
• It is the supervisor’s responsibility to make sure that he
as well as those below him understand what is When to communicate
communicated • As a general rule, people should be informed about any
Upward communication event well in advance of rumors, gossips, conjectures
• Proceeds from the lower levels of the organization up to • If the information deals with vacations, shutdowns, etc. It
higher management should be released soon enough to be useful to
• Necessary to improve efficiency as well as to ensure that individuals who will benefit from them
downward communication from management is received • All announcements should be so timed that the reasons
and understood given for them would not conflict with other information
• It is the supervisor’s responsibility to help his men fresh in the employee’s mind
express themselves clearly and relay exactly what they • In all cases, a supervisor should receive the information
want to say before his subordinates’ do
Lateral communication
How to communicate
• Takes place among employees of the same level
• Usually concerns the dissemination of information
pertaining to areas of responsibility and/or reports of
levels of achievement in jobs involving more than one
work group
• It ensures avoidance of duplication of work effort in
achieving management goal
• Give meaningful reasons to those being informed. This is
Essentials of Good Communication one of the best way to gain acceptance.
Communication involves three levels:
1. The cognitive level
P a g e 19 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

• Where persuasion is necessary, employ verbal Other Factors Influencing Effective Communication
communication. • Self-Concept
• This is more effective than print since you see the other’s • Listening Process
reaction and hence are able to adapt your presentation • Clarity of Expression
accordingly • Coping with Feelings
• Invite response from workers • Self-disclosure
• Use more than one medium of communication. A Barriers to Effective Listening
meeting may be good, but a meeting reinforced by a letter
is more effective than an announcement which gets only
one treatment.
Situations in Communication
• Face-to-face interview, i.e., for personnel selection,
induction, evaluation, counseling, etc.
• Job instruction, e.g. new techniques, alterations, etc.
• Transmitting information, e.g., policies procedures, etc.
• Giving instructions
• Word barrier
• Obtaining information and reports
• Emotional barrier
• Heading conferences and group meetings.
• Distractions
Other Aspect of Communication • Heated Discussions
3 basic elements of communication: • Steps in listening process: sensing, interpreting,
1. Sender evaluating, and responding.
2. Receiver
Other Aspect of Communication
3. Message
The communicator makes use of certain aids of devices:
For one to get through the other: • Words are precision instruments
• They must be tuned in on the same wave length  Use the right words for the purpose in hand
• They must speak the “same language”  Avoid imprecise words like “few”, “some”, or “many”
• The sender must use the language the receiver when meaning will be conveyed better by actual
understands numbers and percentages.
Most Common Communication Filters/Barriers  Tone sometimes convey more than content does. It is
how the thing is said rather than what is said that may
• Knowledge
set road-blocks and cause a communication gap.
• Bias
 Reacts on the thoughts and emotions of the receiver. It
• Mood
is, therefore, wise to use the correct tone in your
• Physical Factors
messages.
• Motives
• Language
Letters can be made appealing to the receiver’s self-
Hindrances of a Good Communication interest:
Method chosen by the sender • Catch your reader’s interest in the opening salvo
• Form of the message • Close with an appeal to action
• Filters/Barriers • Don’t let your message dangle without clear indication of
• Poor Motivation just what it is you want him to do
• Management/Company policies
Speeches and written reports must be well-organized and
• Behavior/Attitude
well-presented.
Principles of Effective Communication
Effective presentation should include the following:
• Professional Management Principle
• A clear-cut identification of the problem, idea or program
• Principle of Frequency
to be presented
• Principle of Intensity
• Principle of Duration • A careful organization of the subject matter
• Principle of Line Loss
 By identifying major and minor points
 By organizing thoughts and information points to put
• Principle of Emotional Appeal
across a specific outline.
• Principle of Application
• Careful consideration of the background and interests of
the audience

P a g e 20 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

 A minor point for one group can be a major point for • Brighten instruction with variety of illustrations,
another investigations and group participation (medium of
 What is interesting to one group can be boring to instruction)
another
Methods of Instruction
Judicious Use of Visual Aids
• Good instruction depends on good planning. Determine
• Charts, graphs, slides, transparencies, movies have an
the subject, scope and
important part. Used improperly, however, they can be
sequence.
boring and, worse, may give the wrong emphasis.
Sensitivity to audience reaction as a presentation • An objective must be set,
then the points are selected
progresses
that will enable one to keep
• Part of a presentation may have to leave out and others hitting at the heart of the
elaborated on to meet the situation matter.
• Boring speakers are usually insensitive to audience • Primary aim of the instructor
reaction is to give the participant the things he must know, then
Listening is an important aspect of communication. In the things he should know.
communicating, don’t do too much of the talking yourself, • It is important that the instructor emphasizes the major
listen to what the other has to say. This way, you points while at the same time he stimulates the
establish rapport with your receiver. participants to grasp the subject.
Devices Used for Communicating Writing Objectives
• Bulletin board notices Well written objectives should be:
• Circulars • S – imple
• Inter-office memos • M – easurable
• Company papers • A – ttainable
• Official notice • R – elevant
• Posters • T - ime bounded
• Exhibits Elements present in a well written objective:
• Letters • Starts with an action verb (decrease, increase, improve)
• Interviews • Specifies a single key result to be accomplished
• Informal talks • Is quantifiable. Uses numbers to measure a desired
• Meetings change (50% increase)
• Conferences • Specifies a target date for accomplishment
Principles & Methods of Instruction Characteristics of Adult Learners
Definition of Terms Generally, adults are:
• Instruct – to furnish knowledge or information in a • Self-directed
disciplined systematic way with the expectations of • Likely to be rigid in thinking
compliance. • Realistic and not easily fooled
• Order – to communicate authority with employees so as • Impatient to achieve their own objectives
to arrange a more systematic and productive sequence
• Different because of their life experiences
of activities.
• Anxious about failures
• Command – to exercise authority forcefully with the
expectation of obedience. Adults are not:
• Direct – to guide or regulate in order to achieve a smooth • A captive audience
and effective operation. • Willing to participate if anxious or have a low self-concept
• Request – to act courteously, to make known your wishes
Adults Need to Feel Success
without the implied assurance that they will be fulfilled.
Adult learners expect:
Principles of Instruction • To be treated as mature
• Base instruction on problems at learner’s level (needs people
analysis) • Value for money
• Blend instruction with job experience (methods of • An enjoyable and
instruction) satisfying environment
• Basic good manners and courtesy

P a g e 21 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Physically, adult learners: 4 Basic Steps of Instruction

• Need good lighting and few distractions 1. Prepare the worker
• Are likely to be tired after work • Start on schedule
• Energy, hearing and vision are short term • Put him at ease
• Memory deteriorates with age • State the job and find out what he already knows
• Must cope with competing demand for their time about it
Adult learners respond: • Awaken his interest
• Place in correct position all the materials and
• Positively to acknowledgment or praise from peers and
equipment needed
instructors 2. Present the operation
• To having their knowledge, skills, and experience used • Tell, show, and illustrate important step one at a time
by the trainer as a learning resource • Stress each key point
Methods of Instruction • Instruct clearly, completely and patiently, but not more
• Lecture than he can master at one time
• Demonstration/Modelling • Ask questions if instruction is understood
3. Try-out performance and participation
• Case study/survey
• Have him do the job and correct errors outright
• Exercises/Workshops/role-play
• Have him explain each key point to you as he does
• Discussion/Brainstorming the job again
• Games/Stories • Make sure he understands
• Instruments/Hands-on • Continue until you know he knows
• Debriefing • Ask “why”, “how”, “when”, “what”, “where”, “who”.
Medium of instruction 4. Follow-up
• Handouts • Put him on his own, instill confidence
• Designate to whom he goes for help
• Manuals/Workbooks • Check frequently at start
• Encourage questions
• Flip charts
• Complement him on his efforts
• Videos
How to get better results from instruction
• Slides • Your instruction/order must be the right one for particular
situation
• Overhead transparencies
• Select the persons most likely to carry instructions out
• Tours/Plant visits well
• Your instructions will be well accomplished if there’s
• Instruments/Tools/Equipment
checking and follow-ups. Be sure it is carried out at the
time and in the manner you prescribe.
Principles of Motivation
• You cannot motivate other people When should command be given to employees?
• Generally speaking, a request carries the same weight
• All people are motivated as a direct order or command. However, a request
• People do things for their reason, not your reasons imparts a feeling that a worker has some freedom of
action, that he can question any part that bothers him
Sequencing Strategies • Whereas, commands are dangerous but are necessary
• From known to unknown in emergency situations, such as in case of fire or
accident
• Simple to complex • Commands are causeries of resentment. It’s best to
• Concrete to abstract avoid them until you really need them
• If you use commands only occasionally your employees
• General to specific will know you are not bossy. They will recognize your
• Theory to practice change in approach as being necessary in case of
extreme need of it
• Observations to reasoning
• From the whole to the parts, then back again to the whole

P a g e 22 | 25
 BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

Pit Falls to be Avoided in Giving Orders 3 important ingredients of instruction giving

• An offhand manner • What
• Assuming a worker understands • How
• Too many orders • Why
• Conflicting instructions
• Choosing only the willing worker Telling a worker why something must be done gives the
• Picking on anyone worker a reason for wanting to do it.
• Too much detail
• Playing the big shot
• Spot signs of employees’ objections
• Gripes
• Silence
• Facial expressions
• Body movements
Aids in Removing Resistance
• Try a success example
• Try making a guarantee
• Try a demonstration
• Try asking questions
• Try just plain listening
When to put instruction into writing?

• Whenever you change an instruction that was previously

in writing, put the new instruction in writing too.
• If you give an order that must be carried over for another
shift.
• When instructions are complex and contain variations
from normal, put them in amounts and sequence.

P a g e 23 | 25
BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

P a g e 24 | 25
BASIC OSH TRAINING COURSE FOR SAFETY OFFICER (SO1) WITH TOT MANUAL | INSAFETY INC.

P a g e 25 | 25