Mathematics 6

First Quarter
Module1.

Name:
Grade:
Section
Date:

Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 1: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

What I Know

Now, for this module, fractions will be thoroughly to fully understand it.

Before we start your lessons, there is a need for you to know what you have learned from your previous lesson
about fractions by working on this activity and to prepare you for the next lessons. Take this pretest.

Pre-Test. Add or subtract the following fractions. Reduce your answer to lowest term if possible.

3 2 2 1
1. + =¿ 6. 5 −4 =¿
6 6 3 3

7 8 5 1
2. 27 +5 =¿ 7. − =¿
21 7 6 6

3 4 7 5
3. 8 −3 =¿ 8. 7 + 4 =¿
16 24 8 8

9 7 8
4. 88−4 =¿ 9. − =¿
12 10 15

7 4 9
5. 23+17 =¿ 10. 6 + =¿
8 9 18
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Lesson 1. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

This module explains that fractions are expressed as a division calculation, one number divided by
another. They are also commonly expressed as one number over another.

A fraction is a part of a whole. It has two parts: numerator, on the top, and the denominator, on the
N umerator
bottom, . The numerator tells the number of parts taken. The denominator tells the number of
D enominato r
equal parts of a whole is divided.

3 N umerator
6 D enominato r

What’s In
There are some basic terms and rules of fractions to consider such as the following:

3 4
Similar Fractions are fractions with the same denominator, such as and .
6 6
3 2
Dissimilar Fractions are fractions with different denominators, such as and .
5 7
1 2
Mixed Fractions is composed of whole number and fraction, such as 2 and 8 .
2 6

To add and subtract dissimilar fractions, you need to find the smallest number that can be divided by the
denominators. This is called the Least Common Denominator or LCD.

To simplify a fraction, divide both the top and bottom by the Greatest Common Factor or GCF. It is the
highest number that divides exactly into two or more numbers.

HINTS:
When working with fractions, they are always expressed as the smallest possible set of (whole) numbers. In other
words, if the bottom number divides by the top number, divide it down (reduce it) until you can no longer d HINTS:
When working with fractions, they are always expressed as the smallest possible set of (whole) numbers. In other
words, if the bottom number divides by the top number, divide it down (reduce it) until you can no longer do so.
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

What is It

Hi there! Fractions look a little like division expressions, but they aren’t problems to be
solved. They are a way of expressing an amount. Like numbers, fractions tell you how much you have of
something. There are different kinds of fractions that you need to get acquainted with and be able to deal with
utmost understanding.

Here are the different kinds of fractions and their examples. Go over it.

Similar Fractions
Similar fractions are fractions which have the same denominator. To add or subtract similar fractions,
add or subtract the numerators and copy the common denominator. Simplify the resulting fraction, if possible.

Example 1.

3 1
Add: +
6 6

3+1 Add the numerators.

4
Copy the denominators.
6
Divide both numerator and
4÷2 denominator by the Greatest
Simplify (lowest term).
6÷2 Common Factor.

2
Answer:
3

Example 2.

8 3
Subtract: −
15 15

8–3 Subtract the numerator

5
Copy the common denominator.
15

5 5÷ 5 1
Simplify (lowest term). =
15 15÷ 5 3

1
Answer:
3
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Dissimilar Fractions

Dissimilar fractions are fractions with different denominators. To add or subtract dissimilar fractions,
find the Least Common Denominator or LCD. Then, rewrite each fraction into its equivalent fraction using the
LCD. Add or subtract the numerators and write the sum or difference over the common denominator. Simplify
the resulting fraction, if possible.

Example 1.

Add:
1 2
+ find the LCD
4 6 4: 4,8, 16
6: 12,
6, ,18,24 Use the multiples of 4 and 6 to find a
12
common denominator. The LCD of 4 and 6 is 12.

The LCD is 12

❑+❑
To get the equivalent fraction
12 12

4 ÷ 12 = 3 Divide the LCD by the denominator

6 ÷ 12 = 2

1x3=3 Multiply the answer/quotient by the numerator.

6x2=4

3+4
Add the numerators over the common denominator.
12

7
Answer:
12

Example 2.

Subtract:
3 3
− Find the LCD
5 15
5: 5,10,15,20
15: 15,30,45,60

Find the LCD 15

 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.
❑−❑
To get the equivalent fraction
15 15

5 ÷ 15 = 3 Divide the LCD by the denominator

15 ÷ 15 = 1

3x3=9 Multiply the answer/quotient by the numerator.

1x3=3

9−3
Subtract the numerators over the common denominator.
15

6 6÷ 3 2
Simplify (lowest term). =
15 15÷ 3 5

2
Answer: 5

Mixed Fractions
For mixed similar fractions, add or subtract the whole numbers and the fractions. Simplify the
resulting fraction if possible.

Example 1.

Add:
5 3
4 +2
10 10

5 3
(4 + 2) + ( + ) Add the whole numbers and add the numerator then just copy the denominator.
10 10

8 8 8÷ 2 4
6+ or 6 Simplify (lowest term). 6 = 6
10 10 10÷ 2 5

4
Answer: 6
5
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Example 2.

Subtract:
8 2
5 −2
10 10
Subtract the whole numbers and subtract the numerator then just
copy the denominator.

8 2
(5 - 2) + ( − )
10 10

6 6 6÷2 3
3+ or 3 Simplify (lowest term). 3 =3
10 10 10 ÷ 2 5

3
Answer: 3
5

Example 3.
Subtract:
2 4
6 −3
5 5

2−4
(6 – 3) +( ) Since we cannot subtract 4 from 2.
5
Any fraction with the same numerator and denominator has a

2 4 5
value of 1. So, has a value of 1.
6 −3 5
5 5
5
5 + 1 = 6 same to 5 + =6
5
5 2 4
[5+ ( + )]−3
5 5 5

7 4
5 −3
5 5
Subtract the whole numbers and subtract the numerator then just
copy the denominator.

7 4
(5 - 3) + ( − )
5 5
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.
3 3
2+ or 2
5 5

3
Answer: 2
5

For mixed dissimilar fractions, determine the LCD of the fraction and change it to its
equivalent fraction using the common denominator. Add or subtract the whole numbers and the
fractions. Simplify the resulting fraction if possible.

Example 1:

Add:
2 2
4 +5 Find the LCD
3 6
3: 3, 6, 9, 12
6: 6, 12, 18

The LCD: 6

4 ❑ +5 ❑ To get the equivalent fraction

6 6

Divide the LCD by the denominator

3÷6=2
6÷6=1

Multiply the answer/quotient by the numerator

2x2=4
1x2=2

4 2
4 +5
6 6
Add the whole numbers and add the numerator then just copy the
denominator.

4 2
(4+5) + +
6 6

6
9+ = 10
6

Answer: 10
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Example 2.

Subtract:
3 2
5 −2 Find the LCD
4 5
4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
5: 5, 10, 15, 20

The LCD: 20

5 ❑ −2 ❑ To get the equivalent fraction

20 20

Divide the LCD by the denominator

4 ÷ 20 = 5
5 ÷ 20 = 4
Multiply the answer/quotient by the numerator
5 x 3 = 15
2x4=8

15 8
5 −2
20 20
Subtract the whole numbers and subtract the numerator
then just copy the denominator.
15+8
(5 – 2) +
20

7
Answer: 3
20

A
B C What’s More

This is a complete self-check activity so we could be able to know whether or not you learned something
about the lesson. So, here we go!
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Activity 1. Hidden Word

Reveal the hidden word below by solving the following fractions. Write the corresponding letter in the decoder
box that matches your answer. Good luck!

? 2
2
3
4
1
3
1
2
5
7
7
1
5
7
10
1

A 8 4
1. 1 −1 =¿
12 12

Z 7 8
2. + =¿
21 21

M 6 3
3. 6 −2 =¿
9 9

G 1 2
4. 1 − =¿
3 6

A 1 2
5. +2 =¿
3 6

N 2 5
6. 1 − =¿
10 10
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

I 1 1
7. 5 2 =¿
10 10

Activity 2. Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in the blank.

1. ______________________________________ is a part of a whole or a set.

2. ______________________________________ are fractions with the same denominator.

3. _____________________________________ are fractions with different denominators.

4. ____________________________________ is composed of a whole number and a fraction.

5. To add or subtract dissimilar fractions, find the _______________________________. This is the smallest number that

can be divided by the denominators.

6. To simplify a fraction, divide both the top and bottom by the _________________________________. It is the highest

number that divides exactly into two or more numbers.

7. When adding and subtracting fractions, all answers must be express in the _________________________ if possible.

3 2
8. + is an example of _______________________ fractions.
4 4

5 3
9. − is an example of _______________________ fractions.
6 4

3 8
10. 4 +5 is an example of ¿
7 9
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

Activity 3. It’s PIZZA Time!

1. A pizza is a great example of fractions! Each piece represents a part of a whole. In the picture, the pizza is

divided into 8 pieces. If you have one piece, what fraction of pizza you are eating? ______________________

2. If your friend James has two pieces, what fraction does he have? ____________________

3. When Eoin gets three slices of pizza, what fraction does he get? _____________________

4. If you add the pizza you have eaten to Eoin plus James, what is the total fraction of pizza that have been

eaten? ______________________________________________________________

5. When the sum of the pizza eaten by the three persons is subtracted from the whole of pizza, what fraction has

left? _______________________

Activity 4. Solving
Here’s now the time to evaluate your skills and knowledge you have gained in this lesson. Please do this

assessment as best as you can. Good luck! A. Add the fractions below. Reduce your answer to lowest term.
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.

7 5
1. +
18 6

12 18
2. +
32 32

4 3
3. 6 + 5
5 5

7 1
4. 10 + 6
10 4

1 2
5. 5 + 1
4 6

B. Subtract the fractions below. Reduce your answer to lowest term.

4 2
6. -
5 5

10 2
7. -
12 12

18 3
8. -
24 6

1 4
9. 12 - 7
6 6
 Mathematics 6
First Quarter
Module1.
7 1
10. 14 - 5
10 5