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Chapter-2: Software Requirement Specification (SRS) : Technologies TO BE USED

The document discusses various technologies to be used in a software project including PHP, HTML, CSS, XAMPP, MySQL, JavaScript, JSON, AJAX and provides details about each. It also discusses data flow diagrams.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views

Chapter-2: Software Requirement Specification (SRS) : Technologies TO BE USED

The document discusses various technologies to be used in a software project including PHP, HTML, CSS, XAMPP, MySQL, JavaScript, JSON, AJAX and provides details about each. It also discusses data flow diagrams.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter-2: Software Requirement


Specification (SRS)

TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED:-

PHP:-

PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used


open source general purpose scripting language that is especially suited for
web development and can be embedded into HTM to produce dynamic Web
pages. It is one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be
embedded into an HTML source document rather than calling an external
file to process data. The code is interpreted by a Web server with a PHP
processor module which generates the resulting Web page.
PHP is a general purpose server side scripting language originally designed
for web app to development to produce dynamic web pages. It is one of the
first developed server side scripting language to be embedded into an HTML
sources document rather than calling an external file to process data. The
code is interpreted by a web server with the PHP processor, module which
generated the resulting web page. It also has evolved to include a command
line interpreter capably and can be deployed on most web servers and also a
standalone share on almost every operating system and platform free of
charge. A competitor to Microsoft active server pages server side script
engine and similar language. PHP is installed on more than 20 million web
sites and 1 million web server. Software that uses PHP includes Mediawiki,
Joomla, and Word process, Cocrete5, MyBB and Drupal.
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Fig 2.1 PHP interpreter

Advantages of PHP
 PHP is accessible.
 It is available for free.
 It is available with documentation in many languages.
 There are many support groups and team support PHP.
 There is wealth of online information regarding PHP.
 It is quick to develop in PHP.
 PHP is loosely typed which makes basic script much faster to develop
with less Attention to design.
 It runs on many different operating systems.
What is the scope of PHP?

If you are planning to build your career in Web technology then PHP is
the best programming scripting language to learn and is also a good career
option. PHP
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Is basically a scripting language used for web development. The websites


created by PHP are dynamic and attractive. So Because of this reason it is
demanded the
Most in web technology.PHP is an open source so is used freely without any
cost And so greatly in demand. Scope in PHP really high as PHP is a
language knows in The world of technology since many years. So it has
gained the maximum popularity In this era.

HTML:

HTML is a language for describing web pages.


 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 The tags describe document content
 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML Tags:

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.


 HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
 The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
<Tag name>content</Tag name>

CSS:

 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets


 Styles define how to display HTML elements
 Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
 External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
 External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Syntax:

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:
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 The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.


 Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
 The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

XAMPP:-
XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack

package developed by Apache Friends,[1] consisting mainly of the Apache


HTTP Server, Maria DB database, and interpreters for scripts written in the
P H P and Perl programming

languages.[2][3] XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), Maria DB


(M), PHP (P) and Perl (P). It is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it
extremely easy for developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment
purposes. Everything needed to set up a web server – server application (Apache),
database (Maria DB), and scripting language (PHP) – is included in an extractable
file. XAMPP is also cross-platform, which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac
and Windows. Since most actual web server deployments use the same components as
XAMPP, it makes transitioning from a local test server to a live server extremely easy
as well.

Acronym
Acronym Meaning
Letter

XAMPP or an ideographic letter


X
X, meaning cross-platform

A Apache or its expanded form, Apache HTTP Server[5]


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M MariaDB(formerly: MySQL)

P PHP

P Perl

MY SQL:-:

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS);


in July 2013, it was the world's second most widely used RDBMS, and the
most widely used open-source client–server model RDBMS. The SQL
acronym stands for Structured Query Language.
MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a
central component of the widely used LAMP open-source web application
software stack (and other "AMP " stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux,
Apache, MySQL Perl/PHP/Python". Free-software open-source projects that
require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.
Applications that use the MySQL database include: TYPO3, Joomla,
WordPress, php BB, My BB, Drupal and other software.
 MySQL is a database server.
 MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications.
 MySQL supports standard SQL.
 MySQL compiles on a number of platforms.
 MySQL is free to download and use.

The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables.


A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and
rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company
may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products",
"Customers" and "Orders".

JAVASCRIPT: JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is


dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm
language, supporting object- oriented, imperative, and functional programming
styles. JavaScript was formalized in the ECMA Script language standard and is
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primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part of a Web


browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. This
enables programmatic access to computational objects within a host
environment. JavaScript's use in applications outside Web pages — for example
in PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets — is also
significant. Newer and faster JavaScript VMs and frameworks built upon them
(notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side
web applications. JavaScript uses syntax influenced by that of C. JavaScript copies
many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are
otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles
within JavaScript are taken from the self and Scheme programming languages.

 JavaScript was basically used for client-side validation.


 JavaScript is compatible with all versions of Microsoft Internet
 Explorer and Netscape Navigator.

JSON: JavaScript object notation is a lightly weight data-interchange format. It is


easy for humans to read and write. It is for machines to parse and generate. It is
based on a subset of JavaScript. Json is text format that is complete language
independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C
family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python and
many languages. These properties make Json an ideal data-interchange language.
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AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Ajax is a technique for creating fast
and dynamic web pages. Ajax allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by
exchanging small amounts of data with server behind the scenes. This means that it
is possible to update parts of web page, without reloading the whole page.

Scripting Languages:-

 HTML, XML, XSL, XHTML


DHTML – CSS, JavaScript, DOM

AJAX
Bootstrap
AngularJS

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD):-


Data flow diagrams model the flow of data into, through, and out of an
information system:

• Show the processes that change or transform data


• Show the movement of data between processes
• Represent a system as a network of processes which transform data flowing between them
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CONTEXT DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:-


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Use Case Diagram


Use cases are used during the analysis phase of a project to identify system

functionality. They separate the system into actors and use cases. Actors

represent roles that are played by users of the system. Users may be humans,

other computers, or even other software system.

Customer Use Case

Use Case: Upload Data

Brief Description:

The user approaches the site and retrieve data of his choice.

Diagram:

Retrieve Data
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User

Use Case: Choose Media


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Brief Description:
The customer submits his chosen data to the database for the implementation
purpose.
Diagram:

Choose Media

User

Admin Use Case:


The admin has the following set of use cases:
 Log In
 View Requests
 Process Requests
 Access Database
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Access Db
Access
Comments
Process

Admin
View
Request

Log In
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Object Oriented Analysis


Object–Oriented Analysis (OOA) is the procedure of identifying software
engineering requirements and developing software specifications in terms of a
software system’s object model, which comprises of interacting objects. In the
system analysis or object-oriented analysis phase of software development, the
system requirements are determined, the classes are identified and the relationships
among classes are identified. The three analysis techniques that are used in
conjunction with each other for object-oriented analysis are object modelling,
dynamic modelling, and functional modelling.
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Object Modelling
Object modelling develops the static structure of the software system in terms of
objects. It identifies the objects, the classes into which the objects can be grouped
into and the relationships between the objects. It also identifies the main attributes
and operations that characterize each class.
The process of object modelling can be visualized in the following steps:
 Identify objects and group into classes
 Identify the relationships among classes
 Create user object model diagram
 Define user object attributes
 Define the operations that should be performed on the classes
Dynamic Modelling
After the static behavior of the system is analyzed, its behavior with respect to time and
external changes needs to be examined. This is the purpose of dynamic modelling.
Dynamic Modelling can be defined as “a way of describing how an individual object
responds to events, either internal events triggered by other objects, or external events
triggered by the outside world”.
The process of dynamic modelling can be visualized in the following steps:
 Identify states of each object
 Identify events and analyse the applicability of actions
 Construct dynamic model diagram, comprising of state transition diagrams
 Express each state in terms of object attributes
 Validate the state–transition diagrams drawn

Functional Modelling
Functional Modelling is the final component of object-oriented analysis. The
functional model shows the processes that are performed within an object and
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how the data changes


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as it moves between methods. It specifies the meaning of the


operations of object modelling and the actions of dynamic
modelling. The functional model corresponds to the data flow
diagram of traditional structured analysis.

The process of functional modelling can be visualized in the


following steps:

 Identify all the inputs and outputs

 Construct data flow diagrams showing functional dependencies

 State the purpose of each function

 Identify constraints

 Specify optimization criteria

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