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Bases: Prepared By: Melvin Reyes, RPH

This document discusses various concepts of acidity and basicity including: 1. Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases. 2. Conjugate acid-base pairs and how acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. 3. Hard-soft acid base theory involving interaction between hard/soft acids and bases. It also covers pH calculations for strong/weak acids and bases, buffer solutions, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

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Ching Santiago
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83 views

Bases: Prepared By: Melvin Reyes, RPH

This document discusses various concepts of acidity and basicity including: 1. Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases. 2. Conjugate acid-base pairs and how acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. 3. Hard-soft acid base theory involving interaction between hard/soft acids and bases. It also covers pH calculations for strong/weak acids and bases, buffer solutions, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Uploaded by

Ching Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACID

&

BASES Prepared by: Melvin Reyes, RPh.


CONCEPT OF ACIDITY & BASICITY

ARRHENIUS CONCEPT BRONSTED- LOWRY CONCEPT


NEUTRALIZATION: PROTONIC CONCEPT OF ACIDITY &
Combination of H + and OH to form water BASICITY
Conjugate acid & base concept
ACID: compounds containing hydrogen
which when dissolve in water , ACID: Good proton donors
liberates H+ ions
BASES: compounds which contain BASES: Good proton acceptor .
hydroxide groups which, when
dissolved in water, will furnish Strongest acid have the weakest
hydroxide ions. conjugate bases
CONCEPT OF ACIDITY & BASICITY

LEWIS CONCEPT
ELECTRONIC CONCEPT OF
ACIDITY & BASICITY

ACID: Good electron acceptors

BASES: Good electron donor.


CONCEPT OF ACIDITY & BASICITY
HARD-SOFT ACID- BASE CONCEPT
HSAB CONCEPT Pearson’s concept of acidity and
basicity
Interaction between hard acid with hard bases : IONIC
Interaction between soft acid with soft bases : COVALENT

HARD ACIDS & BASES SOFT ACIDS & BASES

• Small atomic or ionic radius • Large atomic or ionic radius


• High oxidation state • High polarizability
• Low polarizability • Low electronegativity
• High electronegativity ( for hard bases)
HARD ACIDS : H+ Li+, Na+, K+, Ti+4, Cr+3, Cr+6 SOFT ACIDS: Ag+, Au+, Hg+2, Hg2+2 Cd+2
HARD BASES: OH-, F-, Cl-, NH3, CH3COO, CO3- SOFT BASES: H-, SCN-, I-
BRONSTED LOWRY THEORY
According to this theory, acids are proton (H+ ) donors and
bases are proton acceptors.
CONJUGATE ACID & BASE PAIR
CONJUGATE ACID & BASE PAIR
.

ACETATE ION

HYDROGEN
SULFATE
CONJUGATE ACID & BASE PAIR
When a base accepts a proton, it is converted to
an acid, the conjugate acid
CONJUGATE ACID & BASE PAIR

( AMMONIUM )
( AMMONIA )

( HYDROGEN ( SULFURIC
SULFATE ) ACID )
pH and Buffer
• pH is a way of expressing H+ ion concentration of a
solution. It was introduced by Sorensen (1909).

• (pH stands for, French, puissance de hydrogen,


meaning the hydrogen ion concentration)

• BUFFER- A solution that maintains its pH constant on


addition of a small amounts of acid or base is called
‘Buffer Solution’
calculating pH :
STRONG ACIDS : STRONG BASES :

Ant Log [ -pH] Ant Log [ -pOH]

WEAK ACIDS : WEAK BASES :


pKa [ -log Ka] pKb [ -log Kb]

Ka = acid constant
Kb = base constant
pKa+ pKb = pKw ( 14 )
WEAK ACIDS & WEAK BASES :
Ka = acid constant
Kb = base constant
pKa+ pKb = pKw ( 14 )
HENDERSON HASSELBALCH EQUATION

pKa [ -log Ka]


A
pH = pKa + log
pKb [ -log Kb] HA
A= conjugate base
HA= is weak acid

salt
pH = pKa + log
acid
base
pH = pKa + log
salt
STRONG ACIDS :

1. Find the pH of a 0.0025 M HCl solution

- log ( 0.0025 M)

- log (2.60)
STRONG ACIDS :

What is the hydronium ion concentration in a


solution that has a pH of 8.34?

Ant Log [ -pH]

Ant log ( 8.34)

4.57 x 10 ^ -9
WEAK ACIDS
1. What is the pH of a buffer solution prepared with
0.005 M Na3BO3, 0.5 M H3BO3, Ka = 1 x10 ^-4 M

( 0.005 M )
pH= 4 + log
0.5 M

pH= 4 + log (0.01)


pKa= - log ( Ka)
pH= 4 +(-2)
pKa= - log (1 x10 ^-4 M )
pKa= 4 pH= 2
pKb?

pKw= pKa + pKb

14 = 4 + ?

pKb = pKw- pKa

pKb = 14 – 4

pKb = 10

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