[elcaree era = el base paren dry cleaning (language tutoring home repairs lawn mowing ns lawn mowing Ken: | have a new home and don't have much time for yard work. | mowed the lawn two weeks ago, and | need to cut it again. I'd like to save money, but perhaps I'll just have to pay someone to do it for me. Akiko: | don't like the flowered wallpaper in my homacepairs) bedroom or the dark color of the walls in my living room. | want to have the wallpaper removed so the whole place looks bigger and brighter with fun, modern colors everywhere. Margaret: Now that it’s getting colder, I need to take my winter clothes out of storage. Some things | can wash in the washing machine, but | should take my wool coat to that new place around the corner. Steven: | have a lot of work to do this week, but my leniige hore laptop stopped working! | tried to fix it, but I don’t know how. | can’t afford to buy a new laptop, Erict I'm so excited! I'm finally going to Quebec this summer. | studied French in high school, but I'm not sure how much | remember now. Do you know anyone who can help me improve my French? Karen: | really want to move into that studio apartment I found downtown. The only problem is that there are a lot of little things that need to be rep lock repaired? . Where can | get a leaky faucet and a broken Which service does each person need? Choose the correct word or phrase.Where can I get A Match the verbs in column A with the nouns in column B. cut astain eer check myblood pressure | 2. do my computer \a fix my hair Ja. print my nails \s. remove my pants 6 shorten my photos 7 B First, use the items in part A to write Where can I get... or Where can | have... ? questions for speaker A. Then write responses for speaker B using your own ideas. 4. A: Where can | get my hair cut? B: You can get i i 2A: Spr ites UN a ae ES nit 9Mh iy Come to = SALON 21 for an w AMAZING haircut! a DREAM CLEAN We dry-clean your clothes like no one else. 4, AAdALAALAA We do nails (and only nails) s** at Nail File. Adds dd Service your washing machine to keep it running its best. Call Hal’s Repairs at 555-1838 Where can you have these services done? Write sentences th You can have 1. Youcanhave your haircutatSalon 21. Wy At KWIK FIX 5 we repair all kinds < of shoes. CARPET WORLD Welll clean your. canpets so theyre as good as net JIMMY'S... «the best car wash in town! At EYE to EYE, ne we can examine your eyes in 30 minutes.[Lee cua borer ‘A Look at the two pictures, Where have you dreamed about living, in an apartment in the city or in @ house in the suburbs? Why? Where would your parents like to live? Why? Do you want your parents’ furniture, farnily photos, old toys, and sports equipment? If you're, ‘a millennial, the answer is likely to be “no.” Millennials are people who became adults at the: beginning of the 21st century, and they are not necessary interested in collecting things. And boomers, Americans born in the years after World War I, are finding cut that their children have very different ideas about how to live “the good life.” Milannials do not fee! the need to have a lot of things. They would rather have experiences. like tourism, art, and sports activities, This preference for Jess is better” - or downsizing - is partly a result of the world economic crisis and the student debt that many young adults have. The lack of jobs has mace millennials want to lower their expenses. And they {eal that they must pay off their student loans before they can get married and have children of their own. Because millennials are waiting to start families, they tend to prefer to Ive in apartments rather than large houses like their parents. First, they simply don’t need that much space. Second, houses are expensive. Third, houses are often located in the ‘suburbs, farther away from the culture and diversity that cities have to offer and that many milennials want. But, in the latest twist of generational clashes, millennials are finding it more and mace ficult to afford city lving. Boomers, who generally have more ‘money to spend than milennials, are finally ready to sell their houses now thet their children have moved ut. When they do, many then use that money to buy an apartment in the city where they can start a new life with all the amenities cities have to offer to people with money. With this increase in demand, the prices of ‘apartments have gone up, and milennials are discovering that itis very dificult to compete ‘economically with their boomer parents. One option is for millennial ‘olive together. Today some of them are renting houses or large apartments that several ‘people can share. More than a few people think that this kind of downsizing, besides being good for the pocketbook, is good for the planet B Read the article about downsizing. Check (¥) the true statements. For statements thet are false, write the true information. 4. [1 Adult children still enjoy receiving furniture from ‘their parents. 2. [5] Boomers are Americans born before World War Il 3. [1] Downsizing is the philosophy that “less is better.” 4, [1] The competition between boomers and millennials has a lot to do with money. 5. [The next step in downsizing could be for boomers and millennials to share houses and large apartments. ETA vit 9two suggestions for each of these problems. Inever have any energy, so | can never do anything except B: Have you thought about taking an aerobics. Another option is to improve your diet, lass? work. | sleep all weekend, so don't tell me to get more rest! | 2. A: My problem is a constant backache. | just don't know what to do to get rid of it. |had someone give me a massage, but it didn't really help. Maybe you could _ 3. At My doctor told me to get more exercise. She strongly recommended swimming, but | find swimming so boring! In fact, aren't all sports boring? B: Why don’t you 4. A: I'm very sociable, and | have great difficulty saying no. | end Up doing things every night of the week - going to parties, clubs, the movies. I'm so tired all the time! B: It might be a good idea AA: like to be a good neighbor, but the woman next door drives me crazy. She's always knocking on my door to chat. And whenever | go out into the yard, she goes into her yard - and talks for hours! B: What about _ Getting things done [ae| ne ne eee ah 3. 6 7 |. After Michelle saw her doctor, she decided to I don't know how my grandmother _ ____ all the new technology. She's better at understanding new gadgets than | am! (comes up with / cuts down on / keeps up with) My cousin didn't know what to do for her mother's 60th birthday, but she finally fs __ the idea of a surprise picnic with the whole family. (came up with / got along with / looked forward to) lene has done it again! She only met Chris two months ago, and already she has him. Why doesn’t she try to work out any problems? (broken up with / gotten along with / kept up with) z ___ eating fast food. She wants to lose some weight and start exercising again in order to keep fit (cut down on / look forward to / take care of) We're really lucky in my family because we all__ each other very well. (come up with / get along with / look forward to) I've done pretty badly in my classes this semester, 50 I'm not really receiving my grades. (getting along with / looking forward to / taking care of) Vcon't ______ that loud music anymore! | can’t stand hip-hop, and I'm going to tell my neighbor right now. (cut down on / put up with / take care off I've been getting sick a lot lately, and | often feel tired. | really need to start my health. (cutting down on / keeping up with / taking care off ETS nit 9A matter of time Circle the correct word that describes each sentence. 41. Events in December 2010 led to the peaceful removal of Tunisia's prime minister in January 2011 Geunitese ender 1@oution) 2. In 2014, a new species of insect was found in Vietnam. It has a body over 30 centimeters long and is the second longest insect in the world. (discovery / invention / epidemic) 3. On June 12, 2016, a gunman entered a nightclub in Florida where he killed 49 people and injured more than 50. {invention / terrorist act / achievement) 4. Advances in robot technology have come a long way in recent years. Scientists like Japan's Hiroshi Ishiguro have created human-like robots that can have conversations with each other and with humans. (achievement / disaster / terrorist act) 5. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan was killed after leaving a campaign rally in December 2007 (assassination / election / revolution) 6. In 2010, a series of floods in Australia affected over 200,000 people and caused nearly a billion Australian dollars in damage. (discovery / natural disaster / epidemic) ‘Complete the sentences. Use words from the box. ago for from in since to 1. Jazz first became popular in the 1920s. 2. The cell phone was invented about 45 years Brasilia has been the capital city of Brazil 1960. A, The first laptop was produced 1981. 5. Mexico has been independent pat an __more than 200 years. 6. World War Il lasted 1939 1945. 7. Vietnam was separated into two parts __ about 20 years. 8. East and West Germany have been united _ 1990,Hi Nouns and verbs ‘A Complete this chart. Then check your answers in a dictionary. achievement existence assassination exploration demonstration ‘explosion discovery SS __| invention ae discrimination transformation election vaccination 4. Over the past several decades, the Indian city of Bangalore has_transformed_itself into a high-tech center. 2. In World War I, many soldiers were ___ against typhoid, a deadly bacterial disease. 3. Aung San, the man who led Myanmar to independence, was in 1947. No one is certain who killed him. 4, The European Union has _ since 1957. 5. Until the 1960s, there were many laws that __against African Americans in certain regions of the United States, 6. In 1885, Louis Pasteur a cure for rabies when he treated a young boy who was bitten by a dog 7. In recent years, teams of experts in countries such as Cambodia and Angola have been safely ____ land mines in order to rid those countries of these dangerous weapons. 8. One of the few parts of the world that has not been much is Antarctica. The extreme climate makes it dangerous to travel far from research centers.ines past, present, and future — ‘A What are vaccinations? If necessary, scan the article to find out. | @ * VACCINATIONS # 4 For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a_ The future of vaccinations aims at the disease that everyone feared. The disease killed eradication of three diseases that can be much of the native population in South America caused by mosquito bites: malaria, Zika when the Spanish arrived there in the early virus, and dengue. Malaria is an infectious sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth —_—_ disease that is still a problem, in part century, smallpox was responsible for the deaths because the virus that causes the disease cof about one in ten people around the world. hides in the cells away from the immune ‘Those who survived the disease were left with system, Zika virus has recently been ugly scars on their skin. discovered in various places all over the ‘world, and it is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, At this time there is no Vaccine for Zika virus, although scientists are working on one. Dengue is a disease that has multiplied alarmingly in recent years, but in the last two years a vaccine has been successfully developed for people between 9 and 45 years old. Ithad long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows rarely caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox. A British doctor named Edward Jenner was fascinated by this, and so he studied cowpox. He became convinced that, by injecting people with cowpox, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease. News of Jenner's success soon spread. In 1800, ‘the Royal Vaccine Institution was founded in Berlin, Germany. In the following year, Napoleon opened a similar institute in Paris, France. It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner's dream of ridding the world of smallpox. In 1967, the World Health Organization (WHO) started an ambitious vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. B Read the article about vaccinations. Complete the chart with the history of events in the story of vaccinations. 4, Early 16th century "Smallpox kiled much of the native population in South America, 2. End of the 18th century 3. 1796 4. 1800 5. 1801 6. 1967 7.1977 8. Future challenge A matter of timea 5 | Life in 2050 ‘A Complete these predictions about life in 2050. Use the future continuous of the verb given. Then add two more predictions of your own. By 2050, ... 1. some people _ willbeliving in cities on the moon. (lve) 2. many people __ meee temperature-controlled body suits. (wear) 3. most people cars that run on fuel from garbage. (drive) 4, people in a new Olympic event - mind reading. (compete) 5. 6 [fe onthe moon? B Complete these predictions about what will have happened by 2050. Use the future perfect. Then add two more predictions of your own. By 2050, ... 4. computers___willhavereplaced —_ people as translators. (replace) 2. ties for men cout of fashion. (go) 3. scientists a cheap way of getting drinking water from ‘seawater. (discover) 4, medical researchers a cure for cancer. (find) A.cure for cancer? jE Unit 104. What will or won't you be doing in ten years? (Use the future continuous.) Write two responses to each question. | | _Lwon't be living with my parents, E | | 2. How will cities of the future be different? (Use will) Cities won't allow cars downtown, 3. How wil life in small villages in your country have changed in the next 20 years? (Use the future perfect.) More people will have moved back from cities to small vilages. 4, How do you think the world’s weather will change during this century? (Use will) The weather wil be warmer, and the summers will be longer. 5. What advances will scientists have made by 2050? (Use the future perfect.) Scientists will have found a way to grow enough food for everyone. as A matter of timeThink of four more ways that technology will affect how we live and work in } the next 20 years. ; 1. Robots will be cleaning our homes, __ Write two paragraphs about one of these topics or a topic of your choice. In the first paragraph, describe the past. In the second paragraph, describe how you think the future will be. a music group changes withina country health space exploration changes within a region technology yeglasses were invented in the 18th century in Italy. These eatly glasses didn't include ‘earpieces to keep the glasses on the wearer's face. Instead, they had to be held in front of the eyes or placed on the nose. In the 1700s, eyeglasses were designed with earpieces, making them easier to use. In the 20th century, contacts became common, making it even easier and more convenient for people to use corrective lenses. ‘Technological advances have continued to make vision correction more practical and convenient. In recent years, doctors have developed laser surgery techniques, which can make corrective lenses unnecessary for people with certain types of vision problems. In the future, ‘computer technology will probably replace eyeglasses, contact lenses, and laser surgery. It may ‘even make it possible for blind peaple to see. MET Unit 10Rites of passage Milestones A Read these statements. Check (/) the ones that are true for you. For statements that are false, write the true information. Example: As soon as | got my first cell phone, | called all my friends. The moment |got.a cell phone, called my parents or Ive never had a cell phone, eure 1. [1] By the time | was three years old, | had already learned two languages. 2. [1] Before | started school, | was carefree | used to watch TV all day. 3. [1 After started taking the bus by myself, | became more independent. 4. [1 As soon as | got my driver's license, my parents let me drive everywhere. 5. [[] The moment | earned my own money, | opened a bank account. 6. [7] Once started learning English, | quit studying other languages. . [1] Until | graduated from high school, | was very unsophisticated. 8. [1] Before | became more independent, | thought | knew more than my parents. B Write three true statements about how things have changed over time for you, your family, or your friends. Use time clauses. ah2 | Complete these descriptions. Use words from the box. ambitious CD carefree Di retettious 1D argumentative Di naive ‘sophisticated 4. Sandra is so__ sophisticated She always dresses well, she knows lots of intelligent people, land she never says anything silly 2. | just spent a horrible evening with Patricia. She questioned and criticized everything | said. | wish she weren't so ~ 3. My sister is very . She trusts everyone and thinks everyone is good. 4, Once | turned 16, | became less and my parents started to let me do what Iwanted. 5. Eric is really He wants to own his own business by the time he's 25. 6 I wish I could be like and never seems to worry about anything. Do you have a friend who is special to you? Write about him or her. In the first paragraph, describe the person. In the second paragraph, describe a particular time when the person helped you. he Unit 17£ J Turning points A Scan the article from a sports magazine about Usain Bolt. What lesson did he learn as a child? B Read the article. Look at the words and phrases in bold in the article. Write definitions or synonyms for each word or phrase. 4. sprint . runners-up . launched himself into . prestigious _ 5. ecstatic = oe awn - record time C What factors mentioned in the article do you think have helped Usain Bolt to become a successful athlete? Rites of passage Ea4, I spent all my money on clothes. Now I can’t afford to take a vacation. _Ishouldn'’t have spent all my money on clothes. 2. Iwas very argumentative with my boss, so she fired me. 3. | changed jobs. Now | work in a bank. My job isn't very interesting. 4, | bought a new TV with my credit card. Now | can’t afford the payments. 5. I studied musi in school, but I'm much better at computer science. 6. |was completely rebellious when I was a student, so I got very bad grades. 7. My friend asked to copy my homework, so | let him. The teacher found o1 8. My cousin invited me to a party. | accepted but didn’t put the date in my calendar. | forgot all about it. 9. Iwas very naive when | was younger. | lent money to people, but they hardly ever paid me back. 40. My friend asked for my opinion on her new hairstyle. | told her I didn’t like it. Now she’s not talking to me. fe Unit 11 ut and gave us both Fs.A Rewrite the sentences as hypothetical situations. Use the words given. 41. | should have studied English sooner. (get a better job) If ld studied English sooner, | would have gotten a better job. _ We should have made a reservation. (eat already) 3. I should have put on sunscreen. (not get a sunburn) 4, You should have let me drive. (arrive by now) 5. | should have ignored your text in class. (not get in trouble) B Write sentences describing hypothetical situations. Use the words given and your own ideas. Can borrow the car? No, you haven't cleaned your room yet. 1. dependable _if | had been more dependable asa teenager. Se alee eee _my parents would have let me borrow the car more often. = 2. ambitious 3. pragmatic 4, naive 5. rebellious 6. wise Se Rites of passage A leesTY Unit 11 ‘Complete the conversation. correct time expressions and use the correct tense of the verbs given. Hector: I've made such a mess of my lifel Scott: What do you mean? Hector: if! __hadrit-accepted (not accept) ajob before / until) | graduated, Vago eS around (travel) South America all summer ~ just like you did. You were so carefree. Scott: You know, | should _ (not go) to South America. [should (take) the great job | was offered. (After / Before / Until) | returned from South America, it was too late. Hector: But my job is so depressing! (Before / The moment / Until) | started it, | hated it - on the very first day! That was five years ago, and nothing's changed. {should for another job right away. (ook) Scott: Wel, start looking now. | posted my résumé online last month, and five companies contacted me right away. f1_ my résumé, no one _ me. (not post) (contact) | accepted one of the job offers. Hector: Really? What's the job? Scott: It’s working as a landscape gardener. (Before / The moment / Until) | saw it, | knew it was right for me. Hector: But for me right now, the problem is that | get a very good salary and | just bought a house. i ____the house, |__ ____ take a lower paying job. (not buy) (be able to) Scott: Well, | guess you can’t have everything. If|_ : a better salary, (have) 1 a house, too. (buy)[ilfcomplete these sentences with In order for or In order to. 4. inorder for a restaurant to be popular, it has to have attractive decor. 2 a movie to be entertaining, it has to have good actors and an interesting story succeed in business, you often have to work long hours. 4. attract new members, a sports ‘club needs to offer inexpensive memberships. — ___ speak a foreign language well, it's a. good idea to use the language as often as possible. a clothing store to succeed, it has to be able to find the latest fashions. E A Write sentences. Use the information in the box. [11 have talented salespeople [Dl work extremely long hours [G5 provide excellent customer service ith your studies [Ei have drama and interesting characters be clever and entertaining 4. be a successful student Inorder to be.a successful student, yor 2. aclothes store to be profitable Foraclothes store to be profitable, 3, manage your own business have to keep up with your studies, 4, an advertisement to be persuasive 5. run a successful automobile company 6. a reality TV show to be successful —————————Choose the correct word or phrase. 1. I didn't enjoy this book on how to succeed in business. It wasn’t very well written (affordable / well paid / well written) 2. earned a lot about how to run a successful bookstore from taking that class. Hound it very (attractive / informative / knowledgeable) 3. Annie has so many interesting ideas, and she’s always thinking of new projects. She's very . (clever / entertaining / tough) 4. Debra is a salesperson, and she's good at her job. She's so that she sells three times as much as her co-workers. (unfriendly / affordable / persuesive) 5. Matthew is one of the top models in Milan, He goes to the gym every day, sohelooks really __. (clever / charming / muscular) 6. Before opening a new store, it’s important to think through all of your ideas and have (competitive salaries / a clear business plan / a reliable job) My new job has great benefits. We have unlimited time off, excellent health insurance, and {@ good product / flexible working hours / a crowdfunding platform) Read this information about journalists. Then write a paragraph about one of the people in the box or another person of your choi To be a successful journalist, you need. to be both talented and. dynamic. You have to rite well and write quickly. In order to report the news, a journalist needs to have a good. knowledge of world and. current events. In addition, you must be able to report a story accurately. anartist aboss ahomemaker aparent a teacher © TT it 12ke it because... 50 A For each pair of pictures, write one sentence about what you like and one sentence about what you dislike. Give reasons using the words given. 1. _Llike thio park because it’s clean ik _I don't like this park since and there lot of: 5. (because) oS eer (since) _ (since) SE eS tbacalisa of) s ____(due to) B Think of an example in your city of each of these places: a restaurant, a hotel, and a shopping center. Write a sentence about why you like or dislike each one. Example: The reason | don't lik ang Gol Restaurant in my hometown is its noisy location nt by the freeway. Keys to succoss I[ a ‘A new business with an ancient product ‘What is the secret that the company ‘The Argentinian company Andean Grain is {They appearto be of optimal benetit for the contributing toa comeback of highly nutritious {heart and brain, amd rumor has it that they may foods that were unknown to many people help prevent cancer. They're also gluten-free. during the last few hundred years. Andean Because many people today have problems Grain sells foods made from indigenous Latin digesting the gluten in wheat, gluten-free foods ‘American plants, like chia seeds, amaranth, and} have become very fashionable. ‘quinoa. These plants are coming to prominence Asa result, there is a great demand by the today because knowledgeable people have ‘public for these superioods. Andean Grain sells. discovered that chic seeds, amaremth, and its products all over the world, but itis especially quinoa are superfoods, incredibly rich in ‘active in Europe, where it has a main office in vitamins and proteins. the United Kingdom, From its base in Argentina, Chia seeds were grown by the Azlecs as an ‘Andean Grain sonds most ofits native plants energy food. In crder to travel long distances to Europe to be made into affordable breads, ‘without having to stop, they drank a beverage bbreakiast cereals, and today’s popular trail Consisting of chia seeds, lemon juice, amd water. | mixes, which are combinations of dried fruits, ‘The Aztecs also cultivated amaranth, which rnute, and seeds. they believed was a superfood, asdo scientists | The secretis out, and what was hidden from the today. Quinoa was grown inthe mountains ofthe } world for so many centuries has today become ‘Andes by the Incas, All three of these foods went an important discovery of foods for our health. “out of favor alter the conquest of Latin America {Did you know about these superfoods before in the 16th century. Wheat was preferred over the rest of the world discovered them just a few these native plants, and they were almost ee ‘unknown outside the countries that grew them. Nevertheless, these foods have become popular aaa Read the article. Look at the words and phrases in bold in the article. Write definitions or synonyms for each word or phrase. 41. comeback __ 2. indigenous 3. to prominence 4, superfood 5. went out of favor 6. rumor has itook at these advertisements and write two sentences about each one. A Describe the features and give reasons why you like or dislike the adver Example: [like the first ad because it attracts your attention, we like the second ad because It has a simple and clean design. __ a Keysto success ETE i Do you have the right qualities? A Complete the sentences with the words from the box. affordable athletic clever entertaining informative knowledgeable muscular salesperson 4. I'm not _ enough about tools to be a successful salesperson in a hardware store, I'm familiar with some common tools, but | don’t know how to use most tools. 2. To be successful, personal trainers need to be fit and Weekend Talk ran for only three months because it was 50 boring, For a TV show to be successful on Saturday evenings, it really has to be _ Iwouldn'tbe a good because I'm not very persuasive. ound a fantastic news website this morning. it’sreally thas very detailed stories about local and international news. 6. For a salesperson to be persuasive, he or she has to be with words. 2. Kateisso____. She plays soccer, tennis, and basketball, and she's excellent atall three sports 8. I ike this store, but it’s net very Even the small items are expensive. B Write sentences using the words below and infinitive clauses with to or for. 41. apply for a job / write a good résumé 2. be an effective personal trainer / listen to your clients’ needs 3. a restaurant / be successful / delicious food at good prices students / get good grades / study hard and do their best 4 learn a new language / practice every dey A Unit 12c What might have been event a ——$__ a What do you think happened? Write an explanation for each bis past modals.Write two paragraphs about something strange that has happened to you. In the first paragraph, describe the situation. In the second paragraph, give two or three explanations for what happened, ing past modal 4. They might have _built it to use as.a church. How do you think early explorers communicated with people in the places they visited? How do you think the early Polynesians “_were able to travel across vast oceans? _ SZ Unit 13 ii iil aStrange creatures He has been described as a gigantic, hairy, mysterious man-lke creature that lives in the forests of the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. and avoids people. He is called Bigfoot because of the big footprints people have found in the earth. Scientists who seriously consider the possiblity of Bigfoot’ existence the explanation like apes that might have survived in small groups. The most popular possibilty is Gigantopithecus, an ‘pe that lived until about 100,000 years ago, was three meters (2.8 feet) tall, and weighed more than 500 kilos (1,102 pounds). Unfortunately, there are two problems with this possibility, Most scientists believe that Gigantopithecus would have walked on its hands and legs because its weight would have been too much for its legs and ankles to support. ‘Also, the bones of this ape have only been found in Asia. i's more likely offer of ancient man- B Read the article. Then write answers to th 4, How might some 2. Imagine that you have seen a creature itwas Bigfoot? Why or why not? 4, What is one problem with this popular 5. What d you think people right have mr [A Skim the online article about 2 world-famous legend: Where does the leg yend come from? that people saw a large black bear shat walks on its two legs, common in the Pacific Northwest, and they thought it was Bigfoot ‘Another explanation for this mystery is that its a hoax, 2 false story thet some people invent as 2 joke ‘And of course they can make money by selling their story to television shows and newspapers. There have been quite a few hoaxes in the last few years. Some were very convincing, but all were proved false. fit seems quite certain that Bigfoot couldn't have existed, why do people continue to believe in creatures like this? British anthropologist Jane Goodall may have ‘come up with the best explanation: "Well, I'm 2 romantic, 50 | always wanted them to exist 1e questions. one describe Bigfoot? ‘exembling Bigfoot. Do you think you would have believed scientists? +3, What is the most popular possible explanation for Bigfoot from ‘explanation? ‘seen when they thought they saw Bigfoot? What might have been SasseT eae ay ee ge eee ae A G Should have, could have, would have vit tr Nf ‘A. What should or shouldn't these people \\\t/ have done? Read each situation and check (¥) the best suggestion. 4. Mrs. King wouldn't let her children watch TV for a month because they broke a window playing baseball. DD She could have made them pay for the window. D1 She shouldn't have done anything, Fewas an accident. D1 She shouldn't have let them play baseball for a month. 2. Steve's old car broke down on the highway late one night, and his cell phone battery was dead. He left the car on the side of the road and walked home. 1 He should have stopped a stranger's car to ask for a ride. 1 He could have slept in his car till morning. 1 He should have walked to the nearest pay phone and called a tow truck. 3. Sarah was in a park. She saw some people leave all their trash after they had finished their picnic. She did nothing, DD She did the right thing. L She should have asked them to throw away their trash, She could have thrown away the trash herself. 4, Edward's neighbors were renovating their kitchen. They made a lot of noise every day until midnight. Edward called the police. 1 He shouldn’t have called the police. (11 He should have realized that they were trying to finish the job quickly. D1 He could have asked them not to make any noise in the evenings. 5. Barbara's boss borrowed $20 from her a month ago, but he forgot to pay her back. Barbara never said anything about it. I she should have demanded her money back. (C1 she shouldn't have loaned it to him. LD She could have written him a nice email asking for the money. B. What would you have done in the situations in part A? Write suggestions or comments using past modals. 4. _Lwould have made them pay for the window, aNouns and verbs A Complete the chart. assumption ae | predict criticism suggestion demand suspect excuse warning ee a SE B Complete the sentences using words from the chart in part A. For the verbs, use shouldn't have + past participle. For the nouns, use the appropriate singular or plural form. 4. Last year some economists said that food and gas prices wouldn't increase. Those __ predictions were wrong! Both food and gas are more expensive now. 2. Christopher SoS Sees a beach party. It was so dark, | stepped in a hole and hurt my ankle. 3. Andy bought an expensive ring and gave it to Millie for her birthday. A year later, he asked her to marry him. When she said no, he made an outrageous ___. He said he wanted his ring back! 41 co-worker not to be late for work seas Sy) ‘so often, It was really none of my business. Lori said she was late because she got caught in traffic. Hmm. I've heard that ae: before 6. Kevin 1 would still be awake at midnight. | was asleep when he called. 7. | thought that my roommate had taken my wallet, but | found it at the bottom of my bag. | ____ that my roommate took it. He would never do something like that. 8. James z me for wearing jeans and a Tshirt to. friend's party. He always has negative things to say. What might have been a TR a ae aii17 | ‘Complete these conversations. Use the past modals in the box and the verbs given. (More than one modal is possible.) could have mayhave mighthave must have should have Where's Luke? He's late B: He___ may have gotten __ (get) stuck in rush-hour traffic. A: He's always late! You know, he should have taken __ (take) the subway. ludy never responded to my invitation. he (not receive) it. You (call) her. 3. At Matt hasn't answered his phone for a week. ea (go) on vacation. He (tell) you, though = sometimes he’s very inconsiderate. 4, A: |can never get in touch with Kethy. She never returns phone calls or answers texts! : Yeah, | have the same problem with her. Her voice mail _ space. She _ __ {run out) of ____{get) a new phone service by now. 5. A: Thomas is strange, Sometimes he works really hard, but sometimes he seems pretty lazy. Last week, he hardly did any work. B: Well, you know, he _ (tell) you that he was sick. ____ (not fee!) well. Still, he 6. A: lordered a book online a month ago, but it still hasn’t arrived, B: They have) 2 problem with the warehouse, but they __(let) you know. HZ Unit 13Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: ‘Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: wersation. Use the passive form of the verbs given. Putting on a fashion show must be really fun! Yeah, but it's also challenging. All the clothes have to __be numbered (number) so that the models wear them in the right sequence. And they also have to ‘ (mark) with the name of the right model What happens if something _— = (wear) by the wrong model? Well if it doesn't it, it looks terrible! First impressions are very important Alot of clothes = (cell) because they look good at the show. Do you have to rehearse for a fashion show? Of course! There's more involved than just models and clothes. Special ghting desea) and music ___ (play) during the show. It sounds complicated. ' Oh, itis. And at some fashion shows, a commentary may (give). ‘A commentary? What do you mean? Well, someone talks about the clothes as they _ se (show) on the runway by the models. It sounds like timing is really important. Exactly. Everything has to _ (time) perfectly! Otherwise, the show may (ruin). 7a eeeAnna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: ‘Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: wersation. Use the passive form of the verbs given. Putting on a fashion show must be really fun! Yeah, but it's also challenging. All the clothes have to __be numbered (number) so that the models wear them in the right sequence. And they also have to ‘ (mark) with the name of the right model What happens if something _— = (wear) by the wrong model? Well if it doesn't it, it looks terrible! First impressions are very important Alot of clothes = (cell) because they look good at the show. Do you have to rehearse for a fashion show? Of course! There's more involved than just models and clothes. Special ghting desea) and music ___ (play) during the show. It sounds complicated. ' Oh, itis. And at some fashion shows, a commentary may (give). ‘A commentary? What do you mean? Well, someone talks about the clothes as they _ se (show) on the runway by the models. It sounds like timing is really important. Exactly. Everything has to _ (time) perfectly! Otherwise, the show may (ruin). 7a eeeAnna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: ‘Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: Anna: Marcus: wersation. Use the passive form of the verbs given. Putting on a fashion show must be really fun! Yeah, but it's also challenging. All the clothes have to __be numbered (number) so that the models wear them in the right sequence. And they also have to ‘ (mark) with the name of the right model What happens if something _— = (wear) by the wrong model? Well if it doesn't it, it looks terrible! First impressions are very important Alot of clothes = (cell) because they look good at the show. Do you have to rehearse for a fashion show? Of course! There's more involved than just models and clothes. Special ghting desea) and music ___ (play) during the show. It sounds complicated. ' Oh, itis. And at some fashion shows, a commentary may (give). ‘A commentary? What do you mean? Well, someone talks about the clothes as they _ se (show) on the runway by the models. It sounds like timing is really important. Exactly. Everything has to _ (time) perfectly! Otherwise, the show may (ruin). 7a eee12 | Choose the correct words or phrases. Et Ginsoecial usr: hes tobe oo tas ee fora im (written / designed / hired) for several weeks before it is shown to the public. 2. Aplay maybe _ Bes (hot / taken / rehearsed) 3. Designing _ ____ for actors to wear requires 2 lot of creativity. (scripts / movies / clothes) Bile ecspar ares Stee we storesattenthey we printes (written / delivered / reported) 5, ________are added after the film has been put together (Scenes / Sound effects / Actors) 4, Nowadays, all sorts of things are produced _ (preduce) in factories, including lettu ‘At one food factory fresh green letnice (gro) without sunlight or Here ts how its ea (C0) _ (place) at one end of a long production line. (use) to move the seedlings slowly along. The tiny 2. Lettuce seedlings __ Conveyor belts _ (expose) to light from fluorescent lamps. sprig) have otek he estees == (feed) through the roots with plant food and water t fi ____ (control) by a computer. adarhifijcya lobe rs plantstensis tosses pisles:s(enllecd atm cthen end of the conve! 5. They may _ (deliver) to the vegetable market the same day. 9 gm Unit 14£ j Professional fashion blogger A Scan the article and use the past participle form of the words in the box to complete the sentences with the passive voice. concern create inspire interest. A Passion for Fashion In just the last ten years, @ new job category has been’ professional fashion blogger. The story of one of the very frst professional bloggers isan inspiration to young people everywhere who are? with how to make a good lving whl something that is important to them, In 2007, imran Amed, a young Canadian-Bitish Citizen who had recently moved to London, decided to take advantage of some free time he had while he wasn’t busy working at his job. He sat down in his living room and began to write about something he was passionately? fashion Sitting on his sofa, he created a biog ‘that allowed him to communicate with readers who shared his fascination with the fashion industry. ‘Naturally at the beginning, his readers were mainly his fiends and family. But because of his ability to tellinteresting and perceptive stories that made readers want to keep on reading, his blog was soont____by many people, and by professionals in the industry In time, advertisers began to pay Amed's blog, The Business of Fashion, for the opportunity to connect with al those readers and potential cients. Amed was algo an excellent interviewer. His interviews iso doing interview notice with Karl Lagerfeld, Natalie Massenet, Nick Knight, and ‘other giants in the fashion industry became another great attraction to his blog. Designers were willing to Bese TSE by him because his questions ‘and comments wore relevant, intelligent, and ‘ by his passion for fashion. ‘Today, professionals in 200 countries consider The Business of Fashion ‘0 be required reading in order to keep up with the latest developments in fashion. Thirty employees now fil the demand for information on feshion. More recent fashion blogs like Chiara Ferragni’s The Blonde Saladin taly and Sabina Hernandez’ blog Te lo dije nena (! told you, gin) in ‘Argentina are now also very successful Potential professional bloggers, take note: passionate interest i fundamental to success. If you can discover your passion, then the power ofthat energy will be the magnet ‘that captures and holds your readers’ attention. Thatis exactly what happened one day when Imran Amed sat down and began to write a blog on his sofa, GY Y Imran Amed, accepting the Business of Fashion Media Award at the 2016 (CFDA Fashion Awards B Read the article. Check (/) the true statements according to the article. For the statements that are false, write the true information. 4. [1] Imran Amed has always lived in London. 2. [1 His family and friends are not interested in fashion and do not read about it. 3. [1] Because Imran Amed knows how to tell an interesting story, many people began to read his blog. 4. [1] Designers enjoy giving interviews to Imran Amed because his que: that he is interested in fashion. 5. [1 Chiara Ferragni’s and Sabina Hernandez's blogs were started before The Business of Fashion. 6. [1] Ifyou want to be a professional blogger, the most important thing you will need for success is money. sare intelligent and show Creative careers LOEyecin these sentences with who or that. Add a comma wherever one is needed, [ broadcast pres Examples Broadcast presenters are journalists. They report the news on television. _Broadcast presenters are journalists who report the news on television, —_ ‘A junior newspaper reporter should be curious. He or she is often new to journalism, A junior newspaper reporter, who is often new to journaliem, should be curious, 1. An editorial director chooses only the most interesting stories. He or she tells the reporters what news stories to cover. 2. Agame animator is a skilled artist. He or she creates detailed graphics for computer games. 3. A storyboard artist is a creative person. He or she illustrates plans for individual scenes for a movie. 4, Stunt people perform dangerous moves in films and TV shows. The films and shows have a lot of action scenes. 5. TV sitcoms include actors and actresses. They are recognized by television viewers around the world. EE Unit 14E Match the definitions with the jobs. 1, acinematographer_g 2. a journalist who specializes in reporting on the personal 2. a film editor lives of famous people 3. a gossip columnist b. someone who plays music in a dance club | 4. a graphic designer . someone that helps a movie director put together the 5. aclubDJ___ best “takes” 6. a band manager d. a person who is in charge of choosing the text and 7. 2 web content manager pictures on a website mi. citcenhet @. a TV personality who invites guests to come on his or her program . a person who takes care of business for a band 9. a person who operates the main camera during shooting h. someone that creates the design for a printed work Choose a job from Exercise 6 or another job you're interested in. In the first paragraph, describe the job. In the second paragraph, explain why the job interests you. Use relative clauses in some of your descriptions. I'd Uke to be a band manager for a rock or pop band. Band managers are the people who schedule concerts and. shows for bands. They also help bands make creative decisions about tings like CD covers, magazine interviews, and even music. | In addition, band. managers who know people in the music business can help a. band become successful. This job interests me because | love music, and | enjoy being around people who sing and play instruments. Also, I'm organized and reliable, and | think that | have the skills that a good band manager needs. Creative careers Ty peeDescribe six steps in the process of renovating a restaurant. Use the passive form of the verbs given below. painters delivary people |. First, _a renovation plan is approved, . Next, . Then __ }. After that, }. Then . Finally, ETN Unit 14 ow een reopening (a renovation plan / approve) _ (new walls / build) (the walls / paint) (new lighting / install) (new furniture / deliver) (the restaurant / reopen)A law must be passed! ‘What should be done about each situation? Write sentences about these pictures, giving your opinion. Use the passive form with should, shouldn't, or ought to. 1. People shouldn't be allowed to leave large items on the sidewalk. seal OR _Feople ought to be required to take lange items to designated dumps. —_ 2 2.2 | Make recommendations about the situations in these pictures. Use the passive form with has to, has got to, must, or mustn't. |. A law has to be passed to prevent people from losing their homes. on Something must be done to repair abandoned homes. eeThink of four things that you have strong opinions about. Write your opinions and explain your reasons for them. Use passive modals. Example: _In my opinion, cell phones shouldn't be allowed in class, They distract students from the lesson. __ st 41. [feel that _ Sie STE 2. | think that 3. In my opinion, 4, | don't think that Respond to these opinions by giving a different one of your own. Use expressions from the box. ‘That's interesting, but I think... ‘That's not a bad idea. On the other hand, | feel... . ‘You may have a point. However, I think ... Do you? I'm not sur 4. A: Everyone should be required to study Chinese. You may have a point. However. | think that English is more useful for traveling. 2, A: People mustn't be allowed to write unkind things about others on social networking sites. B 3. A: Public transportation should be provided free of charge, 4, A: | think people ought to be required to buy hybrid cars. 5. A: In my opinion, all plastic containers should be banned. A law must be passed![if cetting reveng A Skim the web posts. What is a revenge story? Why is each of these stories a revenge story? Paved B Read the comments. Do you agree or disagree? Write A (agree) or D (disagree). 1 Marcy shouldn't have pretended to lose her wallet. She should have spoken with her friend and told her it was time she paid for a meal. 2, | think Marcy did exactly what she ought to have done, Moochers must be taught a lesson! 3. People mustn't be permitted to steal. Jonathan made a big mistake, didn’t he? 4, If people don't take care of their animals, something has got to be done. However, I don’t think he should have stolen the rabbits. ‘Sometimes neighbors must be taught a lesson. Chad didn’t hurt anybody, so | think his nasty neighbor got what he deserved. 6. You may have a point about some neighbors, but | think Chad should have called the manager of his building. CC Do you think getting revenge - doing something mean to someone in return — is acceptable behavior? Why or why not?Add tag questions to these statements. 4. Bullying is a serious problem, iontit —_? 2. The city doesn't provide enough services for elderly people, ine ASS dope tb hee ‘3, You con eauly spend all your money.on foodand rent) = ‘L. Some unemployed people don’t rally want to wor, 5, Health care is getting more and more expensive, 6, There are a lot of homeless people downtown, 7. Some schools have overcrowded classrooms, —__ fot ate 8. Laws should be passed to reduce street crime, at: Nouns and verbs ‘A Complete the chart. advertisement | _advertise _ bully improve _| pollute prohibition ai provision offense require permission _ | vandalize B Write sentences with tag questions using words from the chor Use four of the nouns: and four of the verbs. ‘A law must be passed! Rage ae ee8 | Give one reason for and one reason against these opinions. 4. Children should be made to study a foreign language in primary school. For: It would help children inderetand other cultures, Lowi Ageinst: Idon't think it would be easy to findenoughteachers 2. Schools should punish students who bully other children. For: Against: x 3. More tax money ought to be spent on cleaning up vandalism. For: Again: Ms 4, Stray animals should be cared for in animal shelters. For: Against: __ a Oo Complete the conversation. Use passive modals and tag questions. Gina: You know, | just moved into this new apartment building, and | thought everything would be really great now. Alec: What's the problem? Gina: Well, yesterday, the manager gave me a copy of the house rules. | found out that I can't park my moped on the sidewalk in front of the building anymore. But people shouldn't (permit) to park their bikes or mopeds there. Gina: Why not? There isn’t any other place to pce I.guess I'l have to park on the street now, == sss Alec: |'m sorry that parking somewhere else will be inconvenient, but don’t you agree that people shouldn’t__(allow) to block the sidewalk or the entrance to the building? Well, you may have a point, but parking spaces for all types of cycles need (provide) for renters here. All renters with a car have a parking space, 2 aa Alec: Well, yes, you're right. You should go to the next renters’ meeting and discuss the issue with everyone else, Gina: That's not a bad idea. My voice ought much as anyone else's — | think | will (hear) as16 Reaching your goals Match each profession with the correct achievement. (D actor student] volunteer parent == [J nurse: high school counselor 4. \'ve managed to help hundreds of students get into college. _high school counselor 2. | was able to clean litter from dozens of beaches over the last three years, 3. | managed to maintain an A average during my last four years of school 4, I've been able to work with many of my favorite movie stars. 5. I've managed to teach my children how to be responsible citizens, 6. I've been able to help sick people feel better. 2 | Choosing a job A Complete the chart with your own ideas. aS Eetoioee 1. social worker help people _ 2.universty professor | __—_educate people 3. small-business owner 4, emergency-room nurse B Complete these sentences with your ideas from part A. Try to add more details 4. As a social worker, Jane hopes she'll _have helped poor and elderly people in her community. She'd also like to have 2. As a university professor three years from now, Paul hopes he'll have He'd also like to have 3. By this time next year, Jake, a small business owner, would like to have In addition, he hopes he'll have _ 4, In the next five years, Amy, an emergency-room nurse, hopes she'll have In addition, she'd like to haveWrite two paragraphs about an issue that is important to you. In the first paragraph, describe a past achievement related to that issue. In the second paragraph, describe a goal. Last year, | began volunteering ak a. local animal shelter. | managed to help find. homes for over twenty cats and dogs in one year. It was an incredibly rewarding experience, In the next fem years, | hope to help more animals find homes. I'd like to have placed. a hundred pets in homes over the next four years. EET nit 164 Jthe challenge ofa lifetime A Scan the first paragraph of the article. Where is Rupert Isaacson from? Where are his parents from? Where did he go? Ouse is Rupert Isaacson is aman who has faced a major of people with healing powers and a great knowledge of horses, there challenge in hislife. he son of parents who could be a possibilty of helping his son, Unfortunately, the Bushmen of ‘were bom in Africa, he grew up in London and _the Kalahari de not have horses. Inthe English countryside, where he discovered his love of horses. Because he grew up hearing somany fascinating memories about Africa from his parents, he went there and lived with nomadic people called the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert. He then wrote a book, The Healing Land, about his experiences with the Bushmen and the problems of survival they facein the twenty-first century. So the family et off for Mongolia, where horses have been important for ‘thousands of years. Rupert has written about ths journey dedicated to helping his son in Horse Boy, and he has produced a documentary ofthe ‘same name. nthe film, viewers have the opportunity to see the family traveling in Mongolia, riding horses, and meeting healersin order to help Rowan, Because working with horses has helped Rowan, Rupert established The Horse Boy Foundation a his ranch in Teas Itisa school that teaches people how to use Bytthe year 2000, Rupert was already managing horses for healing, In addition to writing another tomate ang asa ural wining aries poner nea. along ant anc guidebooks about Aca andindIt aS wan to Aca, Atala and zona in the US, in India that he met his wife, Kristin. Today, they Rupert has also produced the lve with theit son, Rowan, ust outside of Austin, documentary Endangerous, Texas, in the US. But Rupert faced the greatest with Rowan ashost, challenge ofhislfe when, atthe age oftwo, about dangerous Rowan was diagnosed with autism,a condition Snimalsthet are that affects people ability tocommunicateand threatened interact socially with others aod Rupert discovered that spending time with Rupert isaacson has horses and riding them was helping Rowan. managed to discover The presence of the horses was very almingto _thesecretof tuming the boy. Rupert also knew that the Bushmen of one challenge into many the Kalahari possessed great knowledge about accomplishments. healing, He thought that fhe could find a group B Read the article. What is the challenge that Rupert Isaacson faced? What was one of the solutions to this challenge that Rupert found? Challenge: Solution: C Answer the questions. 1. How does autism affect people? 2. Why did Rupert's family go to Mongolia? 3. What is the purpose of The Horse Boy Found: 4. What does Rowan do in Endangerous? 5. List three accomplishments of Rupert Isaacson. Reaching your goals gpFd Accomplishments and goals ‘A Match the verbs with the nouns. Write the collocations. (More than one answer may be possible.) A) ales: ARRON buy , al learn make meet pay off a change debts a house a promotion new skills someone special a ze 3. 4 ec SC B Write one sentence about an accomplishment and another sentence about a goal. Use the words in part A and your own ideas. 1. My sister and her husband have — _managed to save enough money tobuyahouse.lexpect tohave — bought a house within five years. Reaching your goals EE[iff choose the correct word. ‘ 4. Its not good to be__ 5 if you're an emergency-room nurse. (courageous / timid / upbeat) 2. If teachers are going to be successful, they have to be i (dependent / rigid / resourceful) 3. You have to be _ if you ivork as a volunteer. (adaptable / cynical / unimaginative) 4. If you take a job far from your family and friends, you have to be s (compassionate / dependent / self-sufficient) 5. One of the most important things about working with children is being positive and not (adaptable / cynical / resourceful) 6. Being a role model for troubled youths requires someone who is strong and (compassionate / insensitive / timid) [ I Read each sentence. Write A for achievement or G for goal. 1. I've been able to provide clean water to three villages during my time as a Peace Corps volunteer. 2. By the time I'm 35, I'd like to have lived ina culture that's very different from my own. 3. While 1 was working abroad in Tokyo, | managed to learn to speak Japanese fluently. 4, After my time with Habitat for Humanity, hope to have made a significant and positive difference in people's lives. I'd like to have gotten another dearee in two years. 6. hope I'll have gotten married by the time I'm 30. ET Unit 16Fd Accomplishments and goals ‘A Match the verbs with the nouns. Write the collocations. (More than one answer may be possible.) A) ales: ARRON buy , al learn make meet pay off a change debts a house a promotion new skills someone special a ze 3. 4 ec SC B Write one sentence about an accomplishment and another sentence about a goal. Use the words in part A and your own ideas. 1. My sister and her husband have — _managed to save enough money tobuyahouse.lexpect tohave — bought a house within five years. Reaching your goals EE[ | Personal portraits A Write three sentences about the accomplishments of someone you know very well. Use the present perfect or simple past. By investing his money carefully, my neighbor Enrico was able to retire at 40. Since then, he has managed to set up an organization that helps find. jobs for people who are homeless. n addition, he has volunteered his time at a homeless shelter in the city. B Write three sentences about things the same person would like to have achieved in ten years. Use the future perfect or would like to have + past participle. Hi cl Enrico would like to have started an > we ‘organization to provide scholarships for needy college students by the time he’s 50. He hopes to travel a lot, too. In fact, he hopes he’ have traveled all through Southeast Asia.