A

Project Report
On
E-BANKING

In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of

BBA
in
Banking and Insurance

SUBMITTED BY:
Savita Sharma
Gazal Punyani
Shadhvi Agarwal

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Balram Chaudhary

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
JAYOTI VIDYAPEETH WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY
JAIPUR (RAJ.
 INTRODUCTION
E-banking nowadays is the one of the fastest developing trends in Indian banking and
is poised to take the banking sector a notch higher. No more falling in line in banks, no more
waiting tons of hours in the bank, no more days and weeks of waiting. All can be done with
one card, one gadget. It’s easy, it works, and most importantly, people like it. But still, some
people are having a hard time using this kind of technology, mostly people who are used to do
things the old traditional way. With the use of advertising, people are now motivated to use E-
banking because again, it eliminates the hassle encountered when using the old process of
banking. The advancement of electronic banking or commonly known as e-banking, began
with the use of automatic teller machines (ATMs) and has included telephone banking, direct
bill payment, electronic fund transfer, online banking and other electronic transactions. For
many people, they believe that the e-banking will go to the direction of mobile banking. Also,
some people believe that online banking will be the most popular method in the future. In order
for users/customers to use their banks online services, they need to have a personal computer
and an Internet connection. Also, their personal computers will be their assistant who will
assist them in their transactions and services. Examples of those transactions are paying bills,
attaining information about accounts and loans, and etc.

E-Banking (an abbreviation for electronic banking) is an umbrella term for the process by
which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-
and-mortar institution. In simple terms, it does not involve any physical exchange of money,
but it’s all done electronically, from one account to another, using the internet. From a personal
computer, one can access bank account information, and perform many banking functions, like
transferring money, making a loan payment. Electronic banking, also known as electronic fund
transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a substitute for checks and other
paper transactions.

In simple words, the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or
businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products
and services through a public or private network, including the Internet i.e. PC, ATM, Online
banking, etc. It means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get connected to
his bank -s website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. In Internet banking system
the bank has a centralized database that is web-enabled. All the services that the bank has
permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Any service can be selected and further
interaction is dictated by the nature of service.
 The traditional branch model of bank is now giving place to an alternative delivery
channels with ATM network. Once the branch offices of bank are interconnected through
terrestrial or satellite links, there would be no physical identity for any branch. It would a
borderless entity permitting anytime, anywhere and anyhow banking.  
 NEED FOR E-BANKING

Customer has to approach the branch in person, to withdraw cash or deposit a cheque or
request a statement of accounts. In true Internet banking, any inquiry or transaction is
processed online without any reference to the branch (anywhere banking) at any time.
Providing Internet banking is increasingly becoming a "need to have" than a "nice to have"
service. The net banking, thus, now is more of a norm rather than an exception in many
developed countries due to the fact that it is the cheapest way of providing banking services.

Banks have traditionally been in the forefront of harnessing technology to improve their
products, services and efficiency. They have, over a long time, been using electronic and
telecommunication networks for delivering a wide range of value added products and services.
The delivery channels include direct dial – up connections, private networks, public networks
etc. and the devices include telephone, Personal Computers including the Automated Teller
Machines, etc. With the popularity of PCs, easy access to Internet and World Wide Web
(WWW), Internet is increasingly used by banks as a channel for receiving instructions and
delivering their products and services to their customers. This form of banking is generally
referred to as Internet Banking, although the range of products and services offered by
different banks vary widely both in their content and sophistication.
T
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g EVOLUTION OF E-BANKING

The story of technology in banking started with the use of punched card machines like
Accounting Machines or Ledger Posting Machines. The use of technology, at that time, was
limited to keeping books of the bank. It further developed with the birth of online real time
system and vast improvement in telecommunications during late1970’s and 1980’s.it resulted
in a revolution in the field of banking with “convenience banking” as a buzzword. Through
Convenience banking, the bank is carried to the doorstep of the customer.

The 1990’s saw the birth of distributed computing technologies and Relational Data
Base Management System. The banking industry was simply waiting for these technologies.
Now with distribution technologies, one could configure dedicated machines called front-end
machines for customer service and risk control while communication in the batch mode
without hampering the response time on the front-end machine.

reinvent and improve their products and services to make them more beneficial and cost
Inten
se competition has forced banks to rethink the way they operated their business. They had to

effective. Technology in the form of E-banking has made it possible to find alternate banking
practices at lower costs. More and more people are using electronic banking products and
services because large section of the banks future customer base will be made up of computer
literate customer, the banks must be able to offer these customer products and services that
allow them to do their banking by electronic means. If they fail to do this will, simply, not
survive. New products and services are emerging that are set to change the way we look at
money and the monetary system.
 FEATURES OF E-BANKING

 Transactional: 

performing a financial transaction such as an account to account transfer, paying a bill or

applications like applying for a loan, new account, etc.
• Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP)
• Funds transfer between customers own checking and savings accounts, or to another
customers account.
• Investment purchase or sale.
• Loan application and transactions such as repayments.

 Non-transactional:

Online statements, Check links, Chat, Co-browsing etc.

 Financial Institution Administration- features allowing financial institutions to

manage the online experience of their end users.
 ASP/ Hosting Administration – features allowing the hosting company to administer
the solution across financial institution
 TYPES OF INTERNET BANKING OR E-BANKING
 Informational- 

This is the basic level of Internet banking. Typically, the bank has marketing
information about the bank’s products and services on a stand-alone server. The risk is
relatively low, as informational systems typically have no path between the server and the
bank’s internal network. This level of Internet banking can be provided by the banks or
outsourced. While the risk to a bank is relatively low, the server or web site may be vulnerable
to alteration. Appropriate controls therefore must be in place to prevent unauthorized
alterations to the bank’s server or web site.

 Communicative- 

This type of Internet banking systems and the customer. The interaction
between the bank’s system and the customer. The interaction maybe limited to electronic mail,
account enquiry, loan applications, or static file updates (name and address change). Because
these servers may have a path to the bank’s internal networks, the risk is higher with this
configuration than with informational systems. Appropriate controls need to be in the place to
prevent, monitor, and alert management of any unauthorized attempt to access the bank’s
internal networks and computer systems. Virus controls also become much more critical in this
environment.

 Transactional- 

This level of Internet banking allows customers to execute transactions. Since a

path typically exists between the server and the bank or outsourcer’s internal network, this is
the highest risk architecture and must have the strongest controls. Customer transactions can
include accessing accounts, paying bills, transferring funds etc.
 INTERNET BANKING VERSES TRADITIONAL BANKING

In spite of so many facilities that Internet banking offers us, we still seem to trust ourtraditional
method of banking and is reluctant to use online banking. But here are fewcases where Internet
banking will turn out to be a better option in terms of saving the money.'Stop payment' done
through Internet banking will not cost any extra fees but when done through the branch, the
bank may charge you Rs 50 per cheque plus the service tax.

Through Internet banking, customers can check the transactions at any time of the day, and as
many times as they want to. On the other hand, in a traditional method, onegetquarterly
statements from the bank and if they request for a statement at the requiredtime, it may turn out
to be an expensive affair. The branch may charge Rs 25 perpage, which includes only 30
transactions. Moreover, the bank branch would takeeight days to deliver it at the doorstep.

If the fund transfer has to be made outstation, where the bank does not have a branch, the bank
would demand outstation charges. Whereas with the help of online banking,it will be
absolutely free for you.As per the Internet and Mobile Association ofIndia's report on online
banking 2006, "There are many advantages of online banking. It is convenient, it isn't bound
by operational timings, there are no geographical barriers and the services can be offered at a
miniscule cost."
 INTERNET BANKING IN INDIA

The Reserve Bank of India constituted a working group on Internet Banking. The group
divided the Internet banking products in India into three types based on the levels of access
granted. They are: 

 Information Only System: 

General purpose information like interest rates, branch location, bank products and their
features, loan and deposit calculations are provided in the banks website. There exist facilities
for downloading various types of application forms. The communication is normally done
through e-mail. There is no interaction between the customer and bank's application system.
No identification of the customer is done. In this system, there is no possibility of any
unauthorized person getting into production systems of the bank through internet. 

 Electronic Information Transfer System: 

 The system provides customer- specific information in the form of account balances,
transaction details, and statement of accounts. The information is still largely of the 'read
only' format. Identification and authentication of the customer is through password. The
information is fetched from the bank's application system either in batch mode or off-line. The
application systems cannot directly access through the internet. 

 Fully Electronic Transactional System: 

This system allows bi-directional capabilities. Transactions can be submitted by the customer
for online update. This system requires high degree of security and control. In this
environment, web server and application systems are linked over secure infrastructure. It
comprises technology covering computerization, networking and security, inter-bank payment
gateway and legal infrastructure.
 E-BANKING PRODUCTS

 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs):

These are cash dispensing machine, which are frequently seen at banks and other locations
such as shopping centres’ and building societies. Their main purpose is to allow customer to
draw cash at any time and to provide banking services where it would not have been viable to
open another branch e.g. on university campus.

An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine (ATM) is a computerized

telecommunications device that provides a financial institution's customers a method of
financial\ transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. On
most modern ATMs, the customer identifies him or herself by inserting a plastic ATM card
with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip that contains his or her card number
and some security information, such as an expiration date or CVC (CVV). Security is provided
by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN). The plastic card is replacing
cheque, personal attendance of the customer, banking hours restrictions and paper based
verification.
Using an ATM, customers can access their bank accounts in order to make cash
withdrawals (or credit card cash advances) and check their account balances. Many ATMs also
allow people to deposit cash or checks, transfer money between their bank accounts, pay bills,
or purchase goods and services.

Some of the advantages of ATM to customers are:-

• Ability to draw cash after normal banking hours

• Quicker than normal cashier service

• Complete security as only the card holder knows the PIN

• Does not just operate as a medium of obtaining cash.

• Customer can sometimes use the services of other bank ATM’s.

 Tele banking or Phone Banking:

 Telephone banking is relatively new Electronic Banking product. However it is fastly

becoming one of the most popular products.Customer can perform a number of transactions
from the convenience of their ownhome or office; in fact from anywhere they have access to
phone. Customers can:-

• Check balances and statement information

• Transfer funds from one account to another

• Pay certain bills

• Order statements or cheque books

• Demand draft request

This facility is available with the help of Voice Response System (VRS). This system
basically, accepts only TONE dialled input. Like the ATM customer has to follow particular
process, initially account number and telephone PIN are fed for the process to start. Also the
VRS system provides the users within additional facilities such as changing existing password
with the new desired, information about new products, current interest rates etc.

 Mobile Banking: 

Mobile banking comes in as a part of the banks initiative to offer multiple channels banking
providing convenience for its customer. A versatile multifunctional, free service that is
accessible and viewable on the monitor of mobile phone. Mobile phones are playing great role
in Indian banking- both directly and indirectly. They are being used both as banking and other
channels.

 Internet Banking: 

The advent of the Internet and the popularity of personal computers presented both an
opportunity and a challenge for the banking industry. For years, financial institutions have used
powerful computer networks to automate millions of daily transactions; today, often the only
paper record is the customer’s receipt at the point of sale. Now that their customers are
connected to the Internet via personal computers, banks envision similar advantages by
adopting those same internal electronic processes to home use. Banks view online banking as a
powerful“value added” tool to attract and retain new customers while helping to
eliminatecostly paper handling and teller interactions in an increasingly competitive banking
environment. In India first one to move into this area was ICICI Bank. They startedweb based
banking as early as august 1997.

.
 SERVICES BY E-BANKING

 Bill payment service –

Customers can facilitate payment of electricity and telephone bills, mobile phone, credit card
and insurance premium bills as each bank has tie-ups with various utility companies, service
providers and insurance companies, across the country. To pay the bills, all one need to do is
complete a simple one-time registration for each biller. Customers can also set up standing
instructions online to pay their recurring bills, automatically. Generally, the bank does not
charge customers for online bill payment.

 Fund transfer –

Customers can transfer any amount from one account to another of the same or any another
bank. Customers can send money anywhere in India. After login to the account, customers
need to mention the payees’ account number, his bank and the branch. The transfer will take
place in a day or so, whereas in a traditional method, it takes about three working days. ICICI
Bank says that online bill payment service and fund transfer facility have been their most
popular online services.

 NEFT :-
The “NEFT” stands for National electronic to the credit account with the other
participating bank using RBI’s NEFT services. RBI act as the service provider and transfer the
credit to the other bank’s account. This system operates on a deferred Net Settlement (DNS)
basis which settles transaction in batches. In DNS, the settlement take place with all
transactions received till the particular cut- off time. For example currently NEFT operates in
hourly batches – there are eleven settlements from 9 am to 7 pm on week days and five
settlements from 9 am to 4 pm on Saturdays. Any transaction initiated after a designated
settlement time would have to wait till the next designated settlement time.
 RTGS :-
The acronym “RTGS” stands for Real Time Gross Settlement. RTGS system
is a funds transfer mechanism where transfer of money takes place from one bank to another
on a “real time” and on “gross” basis. This is the fastest possible money transfer system
through the banking channel. Settlement in “real time” means payment transaction is not
subjected to any waiting period. The transaction are settled as soon as they are processed.
“Gross settlement” means the transaction is settled on one to one basis without bunching with
any other transaction. Considering that money transfer takes place in the books of RBI, the
payment is taken as final and irrevocable.

 Credit card customers –

With Internet banking, customers can not only pay their credit card bills online but also get a
loan on their cards. If the customer lose credit card, they can also report lost card online. 

 Railway pass-

This is something that would interest all the aam janta. Indian Railways has tied up with ICICI
bank and they can now make railway passes for local trains online. The pass will be delivered
to the customer’s doorstep. But the facility is limited to Mumbai, Thane, Nashik, Surat and
Pune.  

 Investing through Internet banking –

Customers can now open an FD online through funds transfer. Now investors with interlinked
Demat account and bank account can easily trade in the stock market and the amount will be
automatically debited from their respective bank accounts and the shares will be credited
in their demat account. Moreover, some banks even give the facility to purchase mutual
funds directly from the online banking system. 
Nowadays, most leading banks offer both online banking and demat account. However if
customers have demat account with independent share brokers, then they need to sign a
special form, which will link two accounts.

 Recharging your prepaid phone –

Now customers can just top-up the prepaid mobile cards by logging in to Internet banking. By
just selecting the operator's name, entering the mobile number and the amount for recharge, the
phone is again back in action within few minutes.

 Shopping-

With a range of all kind of products, customer can shop online and the payment is also
made conveniently through the account. Customer can also buy railway and air tickets through
Internet banking. 
The three broad facilities that e-banking offers are:

Convenience - Complete your banking at your convenience, in the comfort of your home or at
any place you can access the Net.

No more Qs - There are no queues at an online bank.

24/7 service - Bank online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 52 weeks a year.

Facilities through Internet banking

 Online applications

Consumers can begin their banking relationship with an online application. No need to waste
time driving to a local branch to begin a banking relationship. Consumers can fill out and
submit electronically all necessary information needed to open a checking, savings account or
even a fixed deposit. When the application is submitted, the bank will mail a signature card for
its records and request one to mail or wire your initial funds. Some firms like American
Express enable customers applying for an account to fund their new account electronically via
a credit card or cheque from another banking institution. There are some firms such as
Wingspan and USA BancShares.com that enable customers to digitally sign their applications.

 Account Access

Internet banking customers now have the ability to view their accounts online, including
checking, savings, loans and credit cards. No need to wait for your monthly statements or wait
in queue for the next available customer service representative. Account access enables
customers to view most recent activity on accounts, including cleared checks, deposits, ATM
transactions and balances as of previous day’s activities. Customers no longer have to hold on
to the cleared checks, since their bank will store them for them online.

 24/7 customer service

Although it is easy to yield to the temptation of allowing the Internet to replace expensive
branch personnel and overhead, many banks have found that an customer service staff ready at
any hour is well worth the expense. This can be especially true as customers transition to
online banking and need help learning the features. Offering telephone and email contacts is a
basic level of service. Offering live chat assistance is the exceptional level.
  Access to old transactions

Choices made in designing the Internet interface may include how much history will be
available online. Some banks have chosen to show only 30-45 days, while others offer a
history of six months or a year.

 Categorize transactions and produce reports

Functionality is king as online banking customers using these features enjoy a Web interface
that delivers the utility of a money management software application.

 Export your banking data

Most banks offering the management interface also allow easy downloading of financial
information into files that can be imported into Microsoft Money and Intuit's Quicken.

 Interactive guides & tools to help selection of proper product

Although online, interactive guides through a bank's products, adds complexity to the
programming it also serves the bank by assisting potential customers in choosing new products
or services. Interactive Tools to design a savings plan, choose a mortgage, obtain online
insurance quotes all tied to applications These tools help remove some of the mystery involved
in so many account options and costs.

 Loan status and credit card account information

Bank customers are familiar with reviewing their checking account information, but many
banks are adding the ability to look at one's loan status and credit card information as well.
Access to as many accounts held at the bank seems to be the goal.

 View digital copies of checks

This, again, is removing a down side to online banking. It makes images of checks available as
replacement for sending out cancelled checks or sheets of printed check images.

 Online forms for ordering checks, stop payment, etc.

Convenience is popular and if a customer visits his or her online account frequently it only
makes sense to allow the ability to reorder checks or perform certain other commands through
the same interface.
 ADVANTAGES OF E-BANKING

 Convenience-

Unlike the corner bank, online banking sites never close; they’re available 24 hours a day,
seven days a week, and they’re only a mouseclick away. With pressures on time and longer
travelling periods, more andmore people find it tiresome waiting in queues. People want
flexibility, andInternet banking offers just that.

 Ubiquity-

If customers are out of state or even out of the country when a moneyproblem arises, they can
log on instantly to their online bank and take care ofbusiness, 24\7.

 Transaction speed-

Online bank sites generally execute and confirmtransactions at or quicker than ATM
processing speeds.

 Efficiency-

Customers can access and manage all of their bank accounts, including IRA’s, CDs, even
securities, from one secure site.

 Effectiveness- 

Many online banking sites now offer sophisticated tools,including account aggregation, stock
quotes, rate alert and portfolio managing program to help them manage all of their assets more
effectively. Most are alsocompatible with money managing programs such as quicken and
Microsoftmoney.

 Cheaper alternative –

With increasing competition, it seems to be the costfactor that is driving banks to offer the
facility. The Internet is still a verycheap alternative to opening a physical branch, and most of
the push seems tobe coming from the supply side. The costs of a banking service through
theInternet form a fraction of costs through conventional methods.

 From snob value to necessity-

A couple of years ago, there was a belief evenamong bankers that customers opening new
accounts wanted the onlinebanking facility, just to "feel good" and very few of them actually
used theservices. Today, bankers believe that the trend from `nice to have' is changingto `need
to have'. The "snob value" of banking with an organisation that couldoffer service on the
Internet has given way to a genuine necessity, he feels. "Itall depends on how busy a person
is."
 DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET BANKING

 Start-up may take time-

In order to register for your bank’s online program,customer will probably have to provide ID
and sign a form at a bank branch. If customers and their spouse wish to view and manage their
assets together online, one ofthem may have to sign a durable power of attorney before the
bank will displayall of their holdings together.

 Learning curves-

Banking sites can be difficult to navigate at first. Plan toinvest some time and\or read the
tutorials in order to become comfortable inyour virtual lobby.

 Bank site changes- 

Even the largest banks periodically upgrade their onlineprograms, adding new features in
unfamiliar places. In some cases, customers mayhave to re-enter account information.
 SERVICES BY SBI

 Self account funds transfer across India

 Third party transfers in the same branch

 New account opening

 Demand Draft requests

 New Cheque-book request

 Railway tickets booking

 Utility bill payments

 LIC and other insurance premium payment

 SBI mutual funds Investment

 Credit card dues payments

 Deposit taxes

 Donations to religious inspirations

 Setting up SMS alerts for Transaction information

 GUIDLINES BY RBI FOR BANKS REGARDING E-BANKING

 All banks, who propose to offer transactional services on the Internet, should obtain prior
approval from RBI.

 All applications of banks should have proper record keeping facilities for legal purposes.

 Banks should designate a network and database administrator with clearly defined roles as
indicated in the Group’s report.

 Banks should introduce logical access controls to data, systems, application software,
utilities, telecommunication lines, libraries, system software, etc. Logical access control
techniques may include user-ids, passwords, and smart cards.

 Banks should have proper infrastructure and schedules for backing up data. The backed-up
data should be periodically tested.

 All applications of banks should have proper record keeping facilities for legal purposes.

 Considering the legal position prevalent, there is an obligation on the part of banks not
only to establish the identity but also to make enquiries about integrity and reputation of
the prospective customer. Therefore, even though request for opening account can be
accepted over Internet, accounts should be opened only after proper introduction and
physical verification of the identity of the customer
 SUGGESTIONS FOR SAFE INTERNET BANKING

FOR CUSTOMER

As use of the Internet expands, more banks are using it to offer products and services to their
consumers. However, despite Web potential for safe and convenient new ways for financial
services and banking business, the scary truth is that online banking fraud is on the rise and
there are a number of ways it can be done.

Also, there are a number of ways how one can protect credit card and bank account if anyone
is transact over the internet.

Check the Bank

first, one have to confirm that an online bank is legitimate and that one’s deposits are insured.

 Read key information about the bank posted on its Web site

Most Banks’ Web sites have an "About Us" section that describes the institution. There can
be found useful info about history of the bank, name and address of the bank’s headquarters,
insurance, etc. 

 Protect yourself from fraudulent Web sites

Watch out for copycat Web sites that deliberately use a name or Web address very similar to,
but not the same as, that of a real financial institution. The intent is to lure you into clicking
onto their Web site and giving your personal information, such as your account number and
password. Always check to see that you have typed the correct Web site address for your
bank before conducting a transaction.

Also, fraud can be done through the spam emails you receive every day. Although, the link in
those emails can be the same of your bank, always check the validity of the links. That means
that fraudulent links will be different from the “bank” links in the mail. that can be checked
by simple looking at the bottom of your email client (Gmail, Yahoo, or Outlook if you use it)
or using the Right Click/Properties option on link itself.

 Verify the bank’s insurance status

 To verify a bank’s insurance status, look for the familiar FDIC logo or the words "Member
FDIC" or "FDIC Insured" on the Web site.

Choose and Protect ID and Password

After one choose bank; one will have to create an account. While ID is static and can be
change usually by the bank per request.
It’s been recommended that customer should change their password frequently.  Here are some
quick password tips:

1. Don’t use the same password for everything

2. Don’t use a predictable password – Don’t use birthday, SSN, child’s birthday or pet’s
name. Use something that makes sense and that one can easily remember.

Threats From Outside and Efficient Protection

As a technology-based platform, Internet banking comes with certain challenges in terms of

management of technology risks, as shown by a number of Internet banking fraud cases
reported all over the world. Some of those cases come in the form of fake websites that seek to
lure bank customers into divulging confidential personal information. 
Other cases involve Trojan software or other infectious computer viruses and worms. 
To put that simple, Trojan software is a code that is planted in a computer by a fraudster in
order to access the personal information of the computer user. The code may be planted in
various ways. Usually it’s when an unsuspecting user clicks on hyperlinks embedded in e-mails
or browses a website infected with malicious pop-up advertisements. 

Once planted in a computer, Trojan may be activated when the user accesses certain
websites. Then it can capture keystrokes of the infected computer, which could lead to leakage
of sensitive personal information such as user IDs and passwords.

These are tips that every user of online banking should know:

 Bank customers should never access their Internet banking accounts through hyperlinks
embedded in e-mails, suspicious pop-up windows, or Internet search engines.
 Users should be aware of opening unexpected e-mails with attachments or click on
suspicious links in the emails. Users should access their bank accounts by typing the
website addresses at the address bar of the browser, or even better, by bookmarking the
genuine website and using that function to access own accounts.

 User should install personal firewall software and anti-virus and antispyware
software, and regularly download the latest updates available. This software will be of great
help in defending the users from the attempts by fraudsters to plant harmful viruses or
worms in their personal computers.

For the end, there is a resume of the tips for safe internet banking:

 Keep computer secure and the access to it;

 Don't send credit card or account details by e-mail;

 Reject any email that asks to follow a link to website and input account details for
verification - even if the website looks authentic, its probably a fake replica

 Make sure when log out online account when finished - especially at work, libraries
and net cafes.

 Deal only with established and reputable merchants;

 Only make payments to secure websites.

 One should ignore the "remember my password option" on banking and shopping
sites

 Cancel any card that has been used fraudulently;

 Read a company's privacy policy before buying online