CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul

ID : 201021869

1- Answer the following questions on the Quantitative research and give example for
each - (Example can be display by diagram) [Max 150 words for each answer]

1- What is quantitative research?

A quantitive research is one that allows collecting and analyzing numerical data

in relation to certain variables, which have been previously established. This type

of market research studies the relationship between all the quantified data, to

achieve a precise interpretation of the results.

2- What types of problems are best suited for quantitative research?

A problem that best suited for quantitative research is a survey of patient in hospital. Tis

are one of the problems related to quantitatve research. An example of quantitative

research is the survey conducted to understand the amount of time a doctor takes to tend to

a patient when the patient walks into the hospital. A patient satisfaction survey template

can be administered to ask questions like how much time did a doctor takes to see a

patient, how often does a patient walk into a hospital, and other such questions.

3- How to write a quantitative purpose statement and research questions?

A quantitative purpose statement identifies the variables, their relationships, and the participants

and site for research • Guidelines for writing are independent variable (1st position in

sentence), Dependent variable (2nd position in sentence), Control and/or mediating

variable (3rd position in sentence), Research site and Participants. Types of quantitative

research questions is to Describe results of your variables then Compare two or more

groups on the independent variable in terms of the dependent variable. Furthermore, Relate

two or more variables. The key to understanding on writing quantitative purpose statement

and research questions is Understanding how these statements and questions differ from

quantitative research. (n.d.). FROM PROBLEM STATEMENT TO RESEARCH

QUESTIONS. Retrieved from

 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

https://education.nova.edu/Resources/uploads/app/35/files/arc_doc/from_problem_stateme

nt_to_research_questions.pdf

4- What types of quantitative data we should collect?

Quantitative data is not about convergent reasoning, but it is about divergent thinking. It deals

with the numerical, logic, and an objective stance, by focusing on numeric and unchanging data.

More often, data collection methods are used to collect quantitative research data, and the results

are dependent on the larger sample sizes that are commonly representing the population

researcher intend to study.

Although there are many other methods to collect quantitative data, those mentioned probability

sampling, interviews, questionnaire observation, and document review are the most common and

widely used methods either offline or for online data collection.

5- Identifying the method for analyzing the quantitative data

Quantitative data is defined as the value of data in the form of counts or numbers where each

dataset has a unique numerical value associated with it. This data is any quantifiable

information that can be used for mathematical calculations and statistical analysis, such

that real-life decisions can be made based on these mathematical derivations. There are

two method of quantitative data and the first is collective data. Collective data examples

are surveys and one on one interview. The survey makes include answer options which

they think are the most appropriate for a particular question. Hence on the one-on-one

interview are immensely structured and play a key role in collecting information. The

second method of quantitative data are analysis method. This data however has to be

analyzed to make sense of. There are multiple examples for the analysis method such as
 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

trend analysis, relate measurement scale with variables and etc. Quantitative Data:

Definition, Types, Analysis and Examples. (2018, May 25). Retrieved from QuestionPro

website: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quantitative-

data/#Quantitative_Data_Analysis_Methods

6- Assessing software packages that will help with quantitative data analysis

There is a multiple software package for quantitative data analysis and some of the most used

software packages are statistical package for social science (SPSS). It can be used to

generate tabulated reports, charts, and plots of distributions and trends, as well as generate

descriptive statistics such as means, medians, modes, and frequencies in addition to more

complex statistical analyses like regression models. SPSS provides a user interface that

makes it easy and intuitive for all levels of users. With menus and dialogue boxes, you can

perform analyses without having to write command syntax, like in other programs. Next is

STATA is an interactive data analysis program that runs on a variety of platforms. It can

be used for both simple and complex statistical analyses. Lastly is Statistical Analysis

System (SAS). In addition to statistical analysis, it also allows programmers to perform

report writing, graphics, business planning, forecasting, quality improvement, project

management and more. https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom. (2019). Three

Software Tools for Analyzing Quantitative Sociological Data. Retrieved August 24, 2021,

from ThoughtCo website: https://www.thoughtco.com/quantitative-analysis-software-

review-3026539
 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

2- For the types of Variables (Quantitative research), Define and give Two (2) examples each for
the following. (Example can be display by diagram) [Max 150 words for each answer]

i) Dependent Variable –
Definition is variables you manipulate order to affect the outcome of experiment.

Examples – 1) the amount of salt added to each plants water. (salt tolerance experiment)

2) Does A cause [or predict or influence or affect, and so on] B?," then B is

the dependent variable

ii) Independent Variable –

Definition is variables that represent the outcome of the experiment.

Example – 1) Any measurement of plant health and growth: in this case, plant height

and wilting (salt tolerance experiment)

2) if you are examining whether gender which is intrinsic to the participants

results in higher or lower scores on some skill, gender.

iii) Mediator variable –

Definition -A mediator is a way in which an independent variable impacts a dependent

variable. It’s part of the causal pathway of an effect, and it tells you how or why an

effect takes place.

Example – 1) In a study on socioeconomic status and reading ability in children, you

hypothesize that parental education level is a mediator. This means that socioeconomic

status affects reading ability mainly through its influence on parental education levels
 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

2) A mediator variable may be something as simple as a psychological response to given

events. For example, suppose buying pizza for a work party leads to positive morale and to the

work being done in half the time.

 Pizza is the independent variable,

 Work speed is the dependent variable,

 The mediator, the middleman without which there would be no connection,

is positive morale.

 Mediator Variable / Mediating Variable: Simple Definition. (2021, May 22). Retrieved

August 24, 2021, from Statistics How To website:

https://www.statisticshowto.com/mediator-variable/

Bevans, R. (2019, November 21). Understanding types of variables. Retrieved August 24, 2021,

from Scribbr website: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/types-of-variables/

 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

3- Define and give at least one (1) example for each – (Example can be display by
diagram) [Max 150 words for each answer]
(1) Theories,

Theory, as defined by many dictionaries, is a verified description of relationships or

underlying principles that describes a given phenomenon. A theory can help us to make

sense of our observations, such as how the collective efficacy of an organization’s members

relates 3 to particular behaviors and attitudes of the organization’s leader, or how increased

testing standards for students might lead to higher academic performance. Theory is our

working and somewhat tentative description of the principles that lead to the phenomenon

we observe. Example this are Einstein theory:

(“Theory Meaning | Best 27 Definitions of Theory,” 2021)

 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

(2) Models,

In research, models could be a relationship equation, a flow diagram, a fishbone diagram etc.

The type of the model to be used for research or derived from research depends on the

research question and the thought process of the researcher. Example of models:

(“Combo Food Model Kit,” 2016)

(3) Concepts,

Concepts are the building blocks of theory and are the points around which social research is

conducted.

Concepts are closely related to the main sociological perspectives, and some of the main.

Examples of a concept:
 CIVE 2815 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NAME: muhammad hairi bin hasrul
ID : 201021869

(“Quantitative Research: Definition, Methods, Types and Examples | QuestionPro,” 2018)

(4) Methods

a procedure, technique, or way of doing something, especially in accordance with a definite plan.

Example of a concept is:

(“Qualitative Research: Definition, Types, Methods and Examples,” 2018)